Modul Panduan
Raptor - Flowchart Interpreter
Yang Tidak Dipublikasikan
Yusuf Lestanto, ST., MSc., MBA
PROGRAM STUDI INFORMATIKA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
UNIVERSITAS BAKRIE
Semester Ganjil 2023/2024
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN MODUL PANDUAN YANG TIDAK
DIPUBLIKASIKAN
Judul : Modul Panduan: Raptor - Flowchart Interpreter
Penulis
a. Nama lengkap : Yusuf Lestanto, ST., MSc., MBA.
b. Jenis kelamin : Laki-laki
c. NIDN : 0302057105
d. Bidang Keahlian : Teknik Informatika
e. Program Studi : Teknik Informatika
f. E-mail : yusuf.lestanto@bakrie.ac.id
Jangka waktu penulisan : 14 September 2023 - 12 Oktober 2023
Jakarta, 15 Desember 2023
Menyetujui Penulis
Ardiansyah, S.TP., M.Si., Ph.D. Yusuf Lestanto, S.T., MSc., MBA
NIDN: 0318107501 NIDN: 0302057105
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Guidance Module: Raptor - Flowchart Interpreter
Yusuf Lestanto
1 Introduction
Raptor is a free and open-source software tool that is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It
includes a flowchart editor, an interpreter, and a debugger.
To use a raptor interpreter, students simply create a Raptor flowchart and then click the ”Run”
button. The interpreter will then execute the flowchart and display the results. Students can also use
the debugger to step through their code line-by-line and identify any errors.
Raptor interpreters can be a valuable tool for students who are learning programming. By providing
students with a visual way to express their algorithms and immediate feedback on their code, they can
help students to learn programming concepts more quickly and e↵ectively.
1.1 Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
An integrated development environment (IDE) for a Raptor interpreter is a software tool that provides
a comprehensive environment for developing and debugging Raptor programs. It typically includes a
flowchart editor, an interpreter, a debugger, and other tools.
An IDE for a Raptor interpreter can provide a number of benefits to students and programmers,
including:
• It can help users to write and edit Raptor code more efficiently.
• It can provide immediate feedback on code errors, helping users to identify and fix them quickly.
• It can help users to understand the logic of their code by providing a visual representation of the
code flow.
• It can help users to develop their programming skills by providing a variety of tools and resources.
IDE for Raptor interpreter can be a valuable tool for students and programmers who are devel-
oping Raptor programs. By providing a comprehensive environment for developing, debugging, and
understanding Raptor code, they can help users to write better code and learn faster.
Here are some ideas for features that could be included in an IDE for a Raptor interpreter:
• A flowchart editor with syntax highlighting and auto-completion.
• An interpreter that can execute Raptor flowcharts and display the results in a variety of ways,
such as a console window, a graphical interface, or a text file.
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• A debugger that allows users to step through their code line-by-line and identify any errors.
• A code editor with syntax highlighting, auto-completion, and error checking.
• A built-in help system that provides documentation on the Raptor language and the IDE.
• The ability to generate code in a variety of programming languages, such as C, C++, Java, and
Python.
1.2 Raptor interpreter
The Figure 1 shows the initial display when the raptor interpreter program is executed. There are a
start symbol as the beginning of the program and an end symbol as the end of the program.
Figure 1: Start window
1.3 Symbols in Raptor
On the left side of the raptor window there is a list of symbols (see Figure 1). There are six symbols
in the Raptor interpreter:
1. Assignment symbol
This symbol is used to assign a value to a variable. For example, the assignment ”x 5” would
assign the value 5 to the variable x.
2. Input symbol
This symbol is used to prompt the user for input. For example, the input symbol ”Enter a
number:” would prompt the user to enter a number.
3. Output symbol
This symbol is used to display output to the console. For example, the output symbol ”Display
the sum of 2 and 3:” would display the sum of 2 and 3 to the console.
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Figure 2: Sum of two numbers
4. Selection symbol
This symbol is used to make decisions. For example, the selection symbol ”If x is greater than
5, display ’x is greater than 5’.” would display the message ”x is greater than 5.” to the console
if the value of x is greater than 5.
5. Loop symbol
This symbol is used to repeat a block of code multiple times. For example, the loop symbol
”While x is less than 10, display x and increment x by 1.” would display the values of x from 0
to 9 to the console.
6. Call symbol
This symbol is used to call a procedure or function. For example, the call symbol ”Call myPro-
cedure()” would call the procedure myProcedure().
Those symbols can be used to create a variety of programs, including programs that perform
calculations, make decisions, and repeat tasks.
Figure 2 is an example of a simple Raptor program that calculates the sum of two numbers. This
program uses the input symbol to prompt the user for two numbers. It then uses the assignment
symbol to store the user’s input in variables. Next, it uses the calculate symbol to calculate the sum
of the two numbers and store it in a variable. Finally, it uses the output symbol to display the sum
to the console. By understanding the symbols in the Raptor interpreter, you can create a variety of
programs to solve di↵erent problems.
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2 Introduction to Module
A module is a set of statements used to perform specific tasks within the program. Using modules in
various contexts, such as in software development, education, or organizational management, can o↵er
several benefits:
1. Modularity
Modules can be used to decompose complex systems and projects into smaller manageable compo-
nents. Each module can capture specific functions to facilitate the understanding, maintenance,
and debugging of code or systems. This modularity increases the reuse and reading of the code.
2. Reusability
One of the main advantages of the module is that it can be reused in di↵erent parts of the project
or even in completely di↵erent projects. Reusable modules save time and e↵ort and you don’t
have to recreate the same functionality.
3. Scalability
Modular systems are often more flexible. Modules can be added or replaced without changing
the entire system. This flexibility is essential when you need a project to evolve or expand over
time.
4. Maintenance
When problems or errors occur, each module has a clear purpose and is easier to identify problems
in a modular system. This simplifies debugging and reduces the risk of unwanted side e↵ects
when implementing changes.
5. Testing
Modules can be independently tested, facilitating unit tests and reducing the complexity of the
whole system test. The isolation of modules for testing ensures that each component works
properly before integration.
In summary, the use of modules promotes a structured, maintenance-free and scalable approach to
software development and other fields. It improves the organization, reuse, simplifying debugging and
testing processes.
2.1 Create a Module using Raptor Interpreter
Before making a module, the raptor mode have to be changed to intermediate mode, as in the Figure
3.
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Figure 3: Change Mode to ”Intermediate”
There are two types of creating modules, namely subcharts and procedures. To display the subchart
and procedure options, hover the cursor and place it over the main tab. Once the cursor is above the
main tab, then click the right mouse button, those options will appear as in the Figure 4.
Figure 4: Subchart and procedure menus
2.1.1 Subchart
A subchart in the Raptor interpreter is a series of related programming statements that solve a small
sub-problem of a larger problem. Subcharts are used to break down a complex program into smaller,
more manageable pieces. This makes the program easier to write, understand, and debug. To create
a subchart in Raptor (see Figure 5):
1. Right-click on the ”main” subchart tab and select ”Add subchart”.
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2. Give the subchart a meaningful name.
3. Click ”Create”.
Figure 5: Add Subchart
2.1.2 Procedure
Procedure is similar with subchart. The di↵erence lies in that procedure requires passing arguments
while subchart does not (see Figure 6). To add a procedure in the Raptor interpreter, follow these
steps:
1. Click the Procedures tab on the left-hand side of the Raptor window.
2. Click the Add Procedure button.
3. Enter a name for the procedure in the Procedure Name field.
4. Click the OK button.
The default argument option is as input, but that could be set as output by checking the output
option. Additionally, a single argument can be declared as both input and output.
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Figure 6: Add Procedure
3 Decision Structure
Decision structures (also known as selection structures) enable programs to take action only under
certain conditions. Certain conditions relate to boolean logic. The Boolean expression tested by a If-
Then statement is formed with a relational operator. A relational operator determines whether there
is a specific relationship between two values. For example, the greater than operator (>) determines
whether one value is larger than another. An operator equal to (==) determines whether two values
are equal. Table 1 lists relational operators commonly used in most programming languages.
Table 1: Relational Operators [1]
Operator Meaning
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to
This expression (length > width) determines whether the length value is greater than the width
value. If the length exceeds the width, the expression value is true. On the other hand, the value of
the expression is false. Since the expression is true or false only, it is a Boolean expression.
3.1 Implementation of If...Then... Else... statements
The Raptor interpreter implements decision structures using two basic components:
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• If/Then statement
This statement is used to execute a block of code if a condition is true.
• Else statement
This statement is used to execute a block of code if a condition is false.
These two statements can be combined to create nested decision structures, which allow for more
complex decision-making. To implement a decision structure in Raptor, you simply drag and drop
the appropriate components onto the flowchart. In Figure 7, to create a simple If/Then statement,
you would drag the If/Then component onto the flowchart and then connect it to the two blocks
of code that you want to execute. The condition for the If/Then statement would be placed in the
diamond-shaped box (Condition > 0) at the top of the component.
Figure 7: If...Then... Else Statements
3.2 Implementation of If... ElseIf... Else... statements
To create a nested decision structure, you would simply drag and drop additional If/Then and Else
statements onto the flowchart and connect them together. In Figure 8, the flowchart shows a nested
decision structure that checks to see if a number is greater than five (5) or not. This condition will be
executed if the input number greater than zero.
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Figure 8: Nested condition structure
4 Repetition
A repetition structure causes a statement or set of statements to execute repeatedly. Repetition is a
basic concept of programming. This allows programmers to write code that can be executed several
times. This is essential to solve many types of problems. For example, if a programmer wants to print
numbers from 1 to 100, it can use a loop for this. The for loop executes the code within it 100 times,
for each number from 1 to 100.
4.1 Pretest and Posttest loop
A pretest loop is a type of repetition structure that evaluates a condition before executing the code
inside the loop. If the condition is true, the code inside the loop is executed. The condition is then
evaluated again before the next iteration of the loop. This process continues until the condition is
false.
The most common example of a pretest loop is the while/for loop. In a while loop, the condition
is evaluated at the beginning of the loop. If the condition is true, the code inside the loop is executed.
The condition is then evaluated again before the next iteration of the loop. This process continues
until the condition is false.
A posttest loop is a type of loop in which the condition is evaluated after the loop body is executed.
This means that the loop body will always be executed at least once. The most common example of
a posttest loop is the do-while loop.
Two types of repetition loops: for loop and while loop. For loops are used when the programmer
knows how many times the code inside the loop needs to be executed. While loops are used when the
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programmer does not know how many times the code inside the loop needs to be executed.
4.1.1 While/For Loop
A for loop is a type of control flow statement that allows programmers to execute a block of code
multiple times. The syntax for a for loop in Raptor is as follows:
Figure 9: While/For...loop
The initialization statement is executed once before the loop begins. The condition statement is
evaluated before each iteration of the loop. If the condition is true, the statements inside the loop are
executed. The update statement is executed after each iteration of the loop.
The initialization statement sets the variable i to 1. The condition statement checks if i is less than
or equal to 5. If the condition is true, the print statement is executed, printing the value of i. The
update statement increments the value of i by 1.
4.1.2 Do...While Loop
A while loop is a type of repetition structure that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on
a given Boolean condition. The while loop works by first evaluating the condition. If the condition
is true, the code inside the loop is executed. The condition is then evaluated again. This process
continues until the condition is false.
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Figure 10: Do... While loop
In Figure 10, the condition is num less than 0. Before the first time the loop is executed, the value
of sum is 0. Since num is greater than 0, the code inside the loop is executed. The value of sum is
then added by num. This process continues until the value of num is less than 0. At that point, the
loop terminates. At last, the total sum will be informed.
5 Function
A function in the Raptor interpreter is a reusable block of code that can be called from other parts of
a program. Functions can take input parameters and return output values. Functions are a good way
to organize code and make it more modular and reusable.
To create function is similar to create modules which are already explain in Section 2. Now, it’s
will be explained how to create random number using raptor. In this case, random number is limited
to ten numbers.
5.1 Creating main program
The main part of program is shown in figure 11. Function ”generateRandom()” will be called in main
program. After calling function, program execution will jump to function part.
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Figure 11: Main program of creating random numbers
5.2 Creating function
In Raptor Interpreter, creating function will follow the provided function template. In Figure 12, user
is able to input the function name and passing arguments. For this example, there are no passing
arguments in function creation. Name ”generateFunction()” is given.
Figure 12: Creating function template
5.3 Generate Random Number function
To generate random numbers in the Raptor interpreter, the provided Random() function can be used.
This function takes no arguments and returns a random number between 0.0 and 1.0. This function
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”floor()” will generate a random integer between 1 and 100.
Figure 13: Generate ten random numbers
References
[1] Gaddis, T. Starting Out with Programming Logic and Design, 4/e. (Pearson Education,2015)
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SURAT TUGAS
No: 033a/ST/UBakrie/D-FTIK/II.2024
Dekan Fakultas Teknik dan Ilmu Komputer (FTIK) Universitas Bakrie dengan ini
menugaskan kepada:
Nama : Yusuf Lestanto, S.T., M.Sc.. MBA.
NIDN : 0302057105
Prodi : Informatika
JJA : Asisten Ahli (AA)
Untuk melaksanakan tugas Menulis Modul Panduan Raptor - Flowchart Interpreter
yang dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil 2023/2024 tanggal 12 Oktober 2023
Kegiatan tersebut tidak mengganggu kegiatan belajar mengajar yang telah menjadi
tugas pokok yang ditetapkan oleh Universitas Bakrie.
Kepada yang bersangkutan diwajibkan untuk melaporkan hasil pengabdiannya
kepada Lembaga Pengabdian Masyarakat.
Demikian surat tugas ini diberikan untuk dilaksanakan sebaik-baiknya.
Jakarta, 02 Februari 2024
Fakultas Teknik dan Ilmu Komputer
UNIVERSITAS BAKRIE
Dr. Mohammad Ihsan, S.T., M.T., M.Sc.
Dekan
Tembusan:
1. Dekan FTIK
2. Kabiro SDM
3. Arsip
