13 B.Sc. CS Sem - I ​ ​ 6.

Date and Time

from datetime import date

Working with Time

The time module in Python allows you to work Common Functions:

with time-related functions.
○​ date.today(): Returns the current local
Using this module, you can retrieve the current date.
time, measure time intervals, and perform ○​ date(year, month, day): Creates a date
time-related calculations. object with specified year, month, and day.

Syntax: Example Code:

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import time from datetime import date​

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# Get today's date​
Common Functions: today = date.today()​
print("Today's date:", today)​

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○​ time.time(): Returns the current time in ​
seconds since the Unix epoch (January 1, # Creating a specific date​
1970).

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○​ time.ctime(): Converts a time in seconds specific_date = date(2023, 10,
3)​

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to a readable format.
○​ time.sleep(seconds): Pauses the execution print("Specific date:",
for a specified number of seconds.
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specific_date)

Example Code:
Working with Date and Time Now
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import time​
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To retrieve both date and time in Python, use

# Get current time in seconds the datetime class from the datetime module.
since epoch​
This lets you obtain the current date and time
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current_time = time.time()​
accurately, down to the microsecond.
print("Current time in seconds
since epoch:", current_time)​ Syntax:
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# Convert to readable format​

readable_time =
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from datetime import datetime

time.ctime(current_time)​
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print("Readable current time:",

Common Functions:
readable_time)​
# Sleep for 2 seconds​ ○​ datetime.now(): Returns the current date
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print("Pausing for 2 and time.

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seconds...")​ ○​ datetime(year, month, day, hour,

time.sleep(2)​ minute, second): Creates a specific date
and time object.
print("Resumed after sleep.")
Example Code:
Working with Date
from datetime import datetime​
Python's datetime module enables handling
# Get current date and time​
dates in a more human-readable way,
supporting year, month, and day retrieval and current_datetime =
formatting. datetime.now()​
print("Current date and time:",
Syntax: current_datetime)​

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 # Creating a specific date and ○​ %Y: Year with century (e.g., 2023)
○​ %m: Month as a zero-padded decimal (e.g.,
time​
01)
specific_datetime = ○​ %d: Day of the month as a zero-padded
datetime(2023, 10, 3, 14, 30, 0)​ decimal (e.g., 09)
print("Specific date and time:", ○​ %H: Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded
specific_datetime) decimal (e.g., 14)
○​ %M: Minute as a zero-padded decimal
(e.g., 30)
○​ %S: Second as a zero-padded decimal (e.g.,
00)
Combining Date and Time
Example Code:
To combine dates and times in Python, the

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datetime module provides functionality to
create a datetime object by merging a date and from datetime import datetime​

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a time object, or by specifying all components now = datetime.now()​
directly. formatted_date =
now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d

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Syntax: %H:%M:%S")​
print("Formatted date and

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from datetime import datetime, time:", formatted_date)​
date, time

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# Custom format example​
custom_format =
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Example Code: now.strftime("%A, %B %d, %Y -
%I:%M %p")​
from datetime import datetime, print("Custom formatted date and
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date, time​ time:", custom_format)

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# Creating separate date and

time objects​ Finding and Comparing Dates
date_part = date(2023, 10, 3)​
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time_part = time(14, 30)​ You can find the difference between dates and
# Combining date and time​ compare them using simple comparison
operators.
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combined_datetime =
datetime.combine(date_part, The datetime module also supports timedelta
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time_part)​ for finding differences in dates and times.

print("Combined date and time:",
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combined_datetime) Syntax:
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Formatting Date and Time from datetime import datetime,

timedelta
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Date and time formatting allows you to display

them in various styles. Common Comparisons:
The strftime() method formats a datetime ○​ date1 < date2: Checks if date1 is earlier
object as a string according to a specified than date2.
format code. ○​ date1 > date2: Checks if date1 is later
than date2.
Syntax:
○​ timedelta: Represents a duration, the
difference between two dates or times.
datetime_object.strftime(format_
code) Example Code:

Common Format Codes:

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 from datetime import datetime, sorted_dates = sorted(dates)​
timedelta​ print("Sorted dates:",
# Creating two datetime objects​ sorted_dates)
date1 = datetime(2023, 10, 3,
14, 30)​ Knowing the Time Taken by a Program
date2 = datetime(2023, 10, 5,
18, 45)​ Measuring program execution time is useful
# Finding the difference between for performance analysis.
dates​ The time module provides time.time() and
difference = date2 - date1​ time.perf_counter() to capture the start and end
print("Difference:", difference)​ times of a code block.
# Comparing dates​

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if date1 < date2:​ Syntax:

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print("date1 is earlier than
date2")​ import time​
start_time = time.time()​

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else:​
print("date1 is later than # code to measure​
or equal to date2")​ end_time = time.time()

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# Adding days to a date​

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new_date = date1 +
timedelta(days=7)​
Example Code:
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print("Date after 7 days:",
new_date)
import time​
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start_time = time.time()​
Sorting Dates
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# Code block to measure​

Python lists can store multiple datetime for _ in range(1000000):​
objects, which can then be sorted using the pass​
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sorted() function or list.sort() method. end_time = time.time()​

elapsed_time = end_time -
When sorting, Python orders dates from the
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start_time​
earliest to the latest by default.
print("Time taken by program:",
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Syntax: elapsed_time, "seconds")

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sorted_date_list = Working with the Calendar Module

sorted(list_of_dates)
The calendar module in Python allows you to
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work with dates and retrieve formatted

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Example Code: calendar views.

from datetime import datetime​ This module provides functionality to display

# Creating a list of date months, years, check leap years, and find the
day of the week.
objects​
dates = [​ Syntax:
datetime(2023, 10, 5),​
datetime(2023, 9, 21),​ import calendar
datetime(2023, 12, 11),​
datetime(2023, 7, 19)​
Common Functions:
]​
# Sorting the dates​

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○​ calendar.month(year, month): Returns a
multi-line string representation of the
specified month.
○​ calendar.isleap(year): Checks if the
specified year is a leap year.
○​ calendar.weekday(year, month, day):
Returns the weekday (0 for Monday to 6
for Sunday).

Example Code:

import calendar​
# Display a specific month​

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print("October 2023 calendar:")​

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print(calendar.month(2023, 10))​
# Check if a year is a leap year​
year = 2024​

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print(f"Is {year} a leap year?",
calendar.isleap(year))​

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# Find the day of the week for a
given date​

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day_of_week =
calendar.weekday(2023, 10, 3)​
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print("The weekday for October
3, 2023 is:",
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calendar.day_name[day_of_week])
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