compact1, compact2, compact3
java.util
Class Scanner
java.lang.Object
java.util.Scanner
All Implemented Interfaces:
Closeable, AutoCloseable, Iterator<String>
public final class Scanner
extends Object
implements Iterator<String>, Closeable
A simple text scanner which can parse primitive types and strings using regular expressions.
A Scanner breaks its input into tokens using a delimiter pattern, which by default matches
whitespace. The resulting tokens may then be converted into values of different types using
the various next methods.
For example, this code allows a user to read a number from System.in:
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int i = sc.nextInt();
As another example, this code allows long types to be assigned from entries in a file
myNumbers:
Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File("myNumbers"));
while (sc.hasNextLong()) {
long aLong = sc.nextLong();
}
The scanner can also use delimiters other than whitespace. This example reads several items
in from a string:
String input = "1 fish 2 fish red fish blue fish";
Scanner s = new Scanner(input).useDelimiter("\\s*fish\\s*");
System.out.println(s.nextInt());
System.out.println(s.nextInt());
System.out.println(s.next());
System.out.println(s.next());
s.close();
prints the following output:
red
blue
The same output can be generated with this code, which uses a regular expression to parse
all four tokens at once:
String input = "1 fish 2 fish red fish blue fish";
Scanner s = new Scanner(input);
s.findInLine("(\\d+) fish (\\d+) fish (\\w+) fish (\\w+)");
MatchResult result = s.match();
for (int i=1; i<=result.groupCount(); i++)
System.out.println(result.group(i));
s.close();
The default whitespace delimiter used by a scanner is as recognized by
Character.isWhitespace. The reset() method will reset the value of the scanner's delimiter to
the default whitespace delimiter regardless of whether it was previously changed.
A scanning operation may block waiting for input.
The next() and hasNext() methods and their primitive-type companion methods (such as
nextInt() and hasNextInt()) first skip any input that matches the delimiter pattern, and then
attempt to return the next token. Both hasNext and next methods may block waiting for
further input. Whether a hasNext method blocks has no connection to whether or not its
associated next method will block.
The findInLine(java.lang.String), findWithinHorizon(java.lang.String, int), and
skip(java.util.regex.Pattern) methods operate independently of the delimiter pattern. These
methods will attempt to match the specified pattern with no regard to delimiters in the
input and thus can be used in special circumstances where delimiters are not relevant. These
methods may block waiting for more input.
When a scanner throws an InputMismatchException, the scanner will not pass the token
that caused the exception, so that it may be retrieved or skipped via some other method.
Depending upon the type of delimiting pattern, empty tokens may be returned. For
example, the pattern "\\s+" will return no empty tokens since it matches multiple instances
of the delimiter. The delimiting pattern "\\s" could return empty tokens since it only passes
one space at a time.
A scanner can read text from any object which implements the Readable interface. If an
invocation of the underlying readable's Readable.read(java.nio.CharBuffer) method throws
an IOException then the scanner assumes that the end of the input has been reached. The
most recent IOException thrown by the underlying readable can be retrieved via the
ioException() method.
When a Scanner is closed, it will close its input source if the source implements the
Closeable interface.
A Scanner is not safe for multithreaded use without external synchronization.
Unless otherwise mentioned, passing a null parameter into any method of a Scanner will
cause a NullPointerException to be thrown.
A scanner will default to interpreting numbers as decimal unless a different radix has been
set by using the useRadix(int) method. The reset() method will reset the value of the
scanner's radix to 10 regardless of whether it was previously changed.
Localized numbers
An instance of this class is capable of scanning numbers in the standard formats as well as in
the formats of the scanner's locale. A scanner's initial locale is the value returned by the
Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT) method; it may be changed via the
useLocale(java.util.Locale) method. The reset() method will reset the value of the scanner's
locale to the initial locale regardless of whether it was previously changed.
The localized formats are defined in terms of the following parameters, which for a
particular locale are taken from that locale's DecimalFormat object, df, and its and
DecimalFormatSymbols object, dfs.
LocalGroupSeparator
The character used to separate thousands groups, i.e., dfs.getGroupingSeparator()
LocalDecimalSeparator
The character used for the decimal point, i.e., dfs.getDecimalSeparator()
LocalPositivePrefix
The string that appears before a positive number (may be empty), i.e., df.getPositivePrefix()
LocalPositiveSuffix
The string that appears after a positive number (may be empty), i.e., df.getPositiveSuffix()
LocalNegativePrefix
The string that appears before a negative number (may be empty), i.e.,
df.getNegativePrefix()
LocalNegativeSuffix
The string that appears after a negative number (may be empty), i.e., df.getNegativeSuffix()
LocalNaN
The string that represents not-a-number for floating-point values, i.e., dfs.getNaN()
LocalInfinity
The string that represents infinity for floating-point values, i.e., dfs.getInfinity()
Number syntax
The strings that can be parsed as numbers by an instance of this class are specified in terms
of the following regular-expression grammar, where Rmax is the highest digit in the radix
being used (for example, Rmax is 9 in base 10).
NonAsciiDigit:
A non-ASCII character c for which Character.isDigit(c) returns true
Non0Digit:
[1-Rmax] | NonASCIIDigit
Digit:
[0-Rmax] | NonASCIIDigit
GroupedNumeral:
( Non0Digit Digit? Digit?
( LocalGroupSeparator Digit Digit Digit )+ )
Numeral:
( ( Digit+ ) | GroupedNumeral )
Integer:
( [-+]? ( Numeral ) )
| LocalPositivePrefix Numeral LocalPositiveSuffix
| LocalNegativePrefix Numeral LocalNegativeSuffix
DecimalNumeral:
Numeral
| Numeral LocalDecimalSeparator Digit*
| LocalDecimalSeparator Digit+
Exponent:
