IMPACT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &
APPLIED SCIENCES
Kodigehalli Post, Bangalore – 560 092
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY
(MSCSL207)
(As per Visvesvaraya Technological University Syllabus)
Compiled by:
Prof. VIJENDRA SN Dr. DHANANJAYA V
Asst. Professor Prof & Head of Department
Dept. of CS & E Dept. of CS & E
NAME :
USN :
Department of CompUter SCIenCe anD enGIneerInG
2025
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
SL PAGE
TITLE
NO NO.
Write a C program to implement daytime client/server program using
1. 3
TCP sockets.
Write a TCP client/server program in which client sends three numbers
to the server in a single message. Server returns sum, difference and
2.
product as a result single message. Client program should print the
results appropriately.
Write a C program that prints the IP layer and TCP layer socket options
3.
in a separate file.
4. Exercises on Socket Programming using C and Java.
Exercises using OPNET Network Simulator
1. Setting up of various network topologies
2. Implementation of various MAC protocols
5. 3. Measurement of routing protocols
4. Analysis of TCP/IP protocol under various mechanisms
5. Setting up of network that carries various application protocols and
analyzing the performances.
6. Comparison of TCP/IP, Socket, Pipes. Analyse which is the best.
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 2
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
1. Write a C program to implement daytime client/server program using TCP sockets.
SERVER SIDE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<time.h>
#define BACKLOG 10
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf("Usage:%s <post> \n",argv[0]);
exit(0);
}
int port = atoi(argv[1]);
printf("Port:%d\n",port);
int n_client = 0;
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0);
struct sockaddr_in serverAddress;
serverAddress.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddress.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
serverAddress.sin_port = htons(port);
bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serverAddress,sizeof(serverAddress));
printf("[+]Bind\n");
listen(sockfd,BACKLOG);
printf("[+]Listening for the client\n");
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 3
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
int i=1;
while(i)
{
int client_socket = accept(sockfd,NULL,NULL);
n_client++;
time_t currentTime;
time(¤tTime);
printf("Client %d requested for time at %s",n_client,ctime(¤tTime));
send(client_socket, ctime(¤tTime),40,0);
}
return 0;
CLIENT SIDE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<time.h>
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf("Usage:%s <post> \n",argv[0]);
exit(0);
}
int port = atoi(argv[1]);
printf("Port:%d\n",port);
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0);
char response[30];
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 4
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
struct sockaddr_in serverAddress;
serverAddress.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddress.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
serverAddress.sin_port = htons(port);
connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&serverAddress,sizeof(serverAddress));
printf("[+] Connected to the server\n");
recv(sockfd,response,29,0);
printf("Time from server: %s",response);
return 0;
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 5
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
OUTPUT: SERVER SIDE
OUTPUT: CLIENT SIDE
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 6
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
2. Write a TCP client/server program in which client sends three numbers to the server
in a single message. Server returns sum, difference and product as a result single
message. Client program should print the results appropriately.
Server Side Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
int server_fd, new_socket;
struct sockaddr_in address;
int addrlen = sizeof(address);
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
// Create socket file descriptor
if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
perror("socket failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// Bind the socket to the specified IP and port
if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
perror("bind failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// Listen for incoming connections
if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 7
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
perror("listen");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Server listening on port %d\n", PORT);
// Accept a client connection
if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
perror("accept");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Client connected.\n");
// Read numbers from client
read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
int num1, num2, num3;
sscanf(buffer, "%d %d %d", &num1, &num2, &num3);
// Calculate sum, difference, and product
int sum = num1 + num2 + num3;
int difference = num1 - num2 - num3; // Example: num1 - (num2 + num3)
int product = num1 * num2 * num3;
// Prepare response message
sprintf(buffer, "Sum: %d, Difference: %d, Product: %d", sum, difference, product);
// Send results back to client
send(new_socket, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
printf("Results sent to client.\n");
// Close sockets
close(new_socket);
close(server_fd);
return 0;
}
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 8
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
Client Side Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
int sock = 0;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
int num1, num2, num3;
// Create socket file descriptor
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
perror("Socket creation error");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// Convert IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from text to binary form
if (inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
perror("Invalid address/ Address not supported");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// Connect to the server
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
perror("Connection Failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 9
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
printf("Enter three numbers (space-separated): ");
scanf("%d %d %d", &num1, &num2, &num3);
// Send numbers to server
sprintf(buffer, "%d %d %d", num1, num2, num3);
send(sock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
printf("Numbers sent to server.\n");
// Read response from server
read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
printf("Received from server: %s\n", buffer);
// Close socket
close(sock);
return 0;
}
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 10
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
OUTPUT: SERVER SIDE
OUTPUT: CLIENT SIDE
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 11
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
3. Write a C program that prints the IP layer and TCP layer socket options in a separate file.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h> // For TCP_NODELAY, TCP_KEEPALIVE, etc.
#include <errno.h>
void print_socket_option(FILE *fp, int sockfd, int level, int optname, const char *optname_str)
{
int optval;
socklen_t optlen = sizeof(optval);
if (getsockopt(sockfd, level, optname, &optval, &optlen) == 0) {
fprintf(fp, " %s: %d\n", optname_str, optval);
} else {
fprintf(fp, " Error getting %s: %s\n", optname_str, strerror(errno));
}
}
int main() {
int sockfd;
FILE *output_file;
// Create a TCP socket
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
perror("Error creating socket");
return 1;
}
// Open a file to write the options
output_file = fopen("socket_options.txt", "w");
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 12
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
if (output_file == NULL) {
perror("Error opening output file");
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
fprintf(output_file, "--- IP Layer Socket Options ---\n");
print_socket_option(output_file, sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, "IP_TOS");
print_socket_option(output_file, sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, "IP_TTL");
// Add more IP options as needed
fprintf(output_file, "\n--- TCP Layer Socket Options ---\n");
print_socket_option(output_file, sockfd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, "TCP_NODELAY");
print_socket_option(output_file, sockfd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_KEEPALIVE, "TCP_KEEPALIVE");
// Add more TCP options as needed
fclose(output_file);
close(sockfd);
printf("Socket options written to socket_options.txt\n");
return 0;
}
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 13
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
OUTPUT:
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 14
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
4. Exercises on Socket Programming using C and Java. (Simple Chat Application using C)
SERVER SIDE PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
int server_fd, new_socket;
struct sockaddr_in address;
int opt = 1;
int addrlen = sizeof(address);
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
// Create socket file descriptor
if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
perror("socket failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// Attach socket to the port 8080
if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
perror("setsockopt");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// Bind the socket to the specified IP and port
if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
perror("bind failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 15
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
// Listen for incoming connections
if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) { // Max 3 pending connections
perror("listen");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Server listening on port %d...\n", PORT);
// Accept a client connection
if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
perror("accept");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Client connected.\n");
while (1) {
// Read message from client
int valread = read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
if (valread <= 0) {
printf("Client disconnected or error.\n");
break;
}
printf("Client: %s\n", buffer);
memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE); // Clear buffer
// Send message to client
printf("Server: ");
fgets(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);
send(new_socket, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE); // Clear buffer
}
close(new_socket);
close(server_fd);
return 0;
}
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 16
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
CLIENT SIDE PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
int sock = 0;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
// Create socket file descriptor
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
printf("\n Socket creation error \n");
return -1;
}
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// Convert IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from text to binary form
if (inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) { // Connect to localhost
printf("\nInvalid address/ Address not supported \n");
return -1;
}
// Connect to the server
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
printf("\nConnection Failed \n");
return -1;
}
printf("Connected to server.\n");
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 17
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
while (1) {
// Send message to server
printf("Client: ");
fgets(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);
send(sock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE); // Clear buffer
// Read message from server
int valread = read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
if (valread <= 0) {
printf("Server disconnected or error.\n");
break;
}
printf("Server: %s\n", buffer);
memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE); // Clear buffer
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 18
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
SERVER SIDE OUTPUT:
CLIENT SIDE OUTPUT:
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 19
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
5. Exercises using OPNET Network Simulator
Step 1: Launch the Software
Open: Start Menu → OPNET IT Guru Academic Edi on
Click File → New Project
Step 2: Create a New Project
Enter Project Name: e.g., LAN_Simulation
Enter Scenario Name: e.g., Simple_LAN
Click OK
When prompted:
Choose Create Empty Scenario
Choose Campus Network as network scale
Click OK
Step 3: Set up the Network Topology
Use the Object Palette (bottom right):
1. Add Nodes:
o Drag and drop 3 workstations (ethernet_wkstn) – these are client computers.
o Drag and drop 1 server (ethernet_server) – to act as a file/email/web server.
2. Add a Switch:
o From the same palette, drag ethernet_switch.
3. Connect Devices:
o Select Link Tool (100BaseT) from the top toolbar.
o Click each workstation and connect it to the switch.
o Connect the server to the switch.
Step 4: Configure Applications
1. From the top menu: Application Config → New
2. Create profiles for client/server behavior:
o e.g., HTTP, FTP, Email traffic
3. Assign:
o Workstations → client profile
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 20
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
o Server → server profile
Step 5: Configure Profiles
Go to Profile Config:
o Define when and how frequently each client accesses the server
o Example: HTTP → Heavy Usage
Step 6: Set Simulation Parameters
Click Simulation → Configure Simula on
Set:
o Simulation time: e.g., 10 minutes
o Speed: Normal or Fast
Step 7: Run the Simulation
Click the Run button (green play icon on top)
Step 8: View Results
After the simulation completes:
o Click Results → View Results
o Choose parameters like:
Throughput
Delay
Server response time
Application traffic
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 21
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
6. Comparison of TCP/IP, Socket, Pipes. Analyse which is the best.
A. IPC Using Pipe (Parent-child communication)
// Communication using unnamed pipe
// pipe_ipc.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
int fd[2];
pid_t pid;
char write_msg[] = "Message through PIPE";
char read_msg[100];
// Create pipe
if (pipe(fd) == -1) {
perror("Pipe failed");
return 1;
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
perror("Fork failed");
return 1;
if (pid > 0) { // Parent Process
close(fd[0]); // Close reading end
write(fd[1], write_msg, strlen(write_msg) + 1);
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 22
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
close(fd[1]);
} else { // Child Process
close(fd[1]); // Close writing end
read(fd[0], read_msg, sizeof(read_msg));
printf("Child received from parent via PIPE: %s\n", read_msg);
close(fd[0]);
return 0;
OUTPUT:
Child received from parent via PIPE: Message through PIPE
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 23
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
B. IPC USING TCP SOCKET
SERVER SIDE PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#define PORT 9090
int main() {
int server_fd, new_socket;
struct sockaddr_in address;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(address);
char *message = "Message through TCP Socket";
server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (server_fd == 0) {
perror("Socket failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address));
listen(server_fd, 3);
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 24
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
printf("Server waiting...\n");
new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, &addrlen);
send(new_socket, message, strlen(message), 0);
close(new_socket);
close(server_fd);
return 0;
}
CLIENT SIDE PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PORT 9090
int main() {
int sock;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
char buffer[1024] = {0};
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr);
connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
read(sock, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("Client received from server via SOCKET: %s\n", buffer);
close(sock);
return 0;
}
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 25
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
SERVER SIDE OUTPUT:
CLIENT SIDE OUTPUT:
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 26
NETWORK PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MSCSL207
COMPARISON & ANALYSIS:
FEATURE PIPE (IPC) TCP SOCKET
TYPE Local communication Can be local or remote
SPEED Faster (within system) Slightly slower
COMPLEXITY Simple (parent-child) More code & setup
USE CASE Internal IPC Networked communication
Vijendra SN, Dept. of CS&E, ICEAS 27
