Basics of C Language
1. What is C?
- C is a procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs.
- It is the foundation of many modern languages like C++, Java, and Python.
- Known for its speed, portability, and system-level programming.
2. Basic Structure of a C Program
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!");
return 0;
3. Key Concepts in C
- Variables and Data Types
int age = 21;
float height = 5.8;
char grade = 'A';
- Operators
Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
Relational: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
Logical: &&, ||, !
Assignment: =, +=, -=, etc.
- Control Statements
if, else if, else
switch
for, while, do-while
Example:
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d\n", i);
- Functions
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
- Arrays
int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
- Pointers
int a = 10;
int *p = &a;
4. Input & Output
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("You entered: %d", num);
return 0;
5. Important Header Files
- <stdio.h> : Input/Output functions
- <stdlib.h> : Memory allocation, process control
- <string.h> : String handling
- <math.h> : Math functions
6. Compilation Process
- Write Code -> Save with .c -> Compile -> Run
- Compiler: gcc
gcc program.c -o program
./program
