JavaScript Interview Question Answer
❖ Basic JavaScript Interview Questions
1. What is JavaScript? How is it different from Java?
JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted scripting language primarily used to make
web pages interactive. It runs in the browser.
Difference from Java:
• Java is a statically typed, object-oriented programming language.
• JavaScript is dynamically typed and prototype-based.
2. What are the data types in JavaScript?
JavaScript has 8 data types:
• Primitive types: String, Number, Boolean, undefined, null, Symbol, BigInt
• Non-primitive: Object
3. What are variables in JavaScript? How do you declare them?
var is function-scoped and allows redeclaration.
let is block-scoped and doesn’t allow redeclaration.
const is block-scoped and used for constants; its value can’t be reassigned.
4. What is hoisting in JavaScript?
Hoisting is JavaScript's default behavior of moving declarations to the top of the
current scope.
Example:
console.log(x); // undefined
var x = 5;
5. What is the difference between == and ===?
• == checks for equality after type coercion.
• === checks for strict equality (value and type).
Example:
'5' == 5 // true
'5' === 5 // false
6. What is a function? How do you declare one?
A function is a block of code designed to perform a particular task.
Example:
function greet() {
console.log("Hello!");
}
7. What is a callback function?
A callback is a function passed into another function as an argument and executed
later.
Example:
function greet(name, callback) {
console.log("Hi " + name);
callback();
}
greet("John", () => console.log("Welcome!"));
8. Difference between function declaration and function expression?
• Function Declaration is hoisted:
• Function Expression is not hoisted:
Example:
function add(x, y) { return x + y; }
const add = function(x, y) { return x + y; };
9. What are the types of loops in JavaScript?
• for, while, do...while, for...in, for...of.
10. Difference between for, for...in, and for...of loops?
• for – loops through numbers or array indexes.
• for...in – loops through object keys.
• for...of – loops through iterable values (arrays, strings).
❖ Control Structures and Loops
11. What is the use of break and continue?
• break exits the loop.
• continue skips the current iteration and continues the loop.
12. What is an object in JavaScript?
An object is a collection of key-value pairs.
Example:
const person = { name: "Alice", age: 25 };
13. How do you create an array?
const fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango"];
❖ Objects, Arrays, and Functions
14. What are array methods like map(), filter(), and reduce() used for?
• map() – transforms array items.
• filter() – filters based on condition.
• reduce() – reduces to a single value.
15. What is the difference between null and undefined?
• undefined: a variable has been declared but not assigned.
• null: an intentional absence of value.
16. What are arrow functions?
A shorter syntax for function expressions. They don’t have their own this.
Example:
const add = (a, b) => a + b;
17. What is the DOM?
DOM (Document Object Model) is a tree-like structure that represents the HTML
of a webpage, allowing scripts to interact with it.
18. What is event bubbling and capturing?
• Bubbling: Event propagates from the target element up.
• Capturing: Event propagates from top to target element.
❖ Miscellaneous & Common Topics
19. What is the purpose of addEventListener()?
It adds an event listener to an element.
element.addEventListener("click", function() {
alert("Clicked!");
});
20. What is the this keyword?
Refers to the object that is currently executing the function.
In a method, this refers to the object. In a regular function, it refers to the global
object (or undefined in strict mode).
21. What is a closure?
A function that remembers variables from its outer scope.
Example:
function outer() {
let count = 0;
return function inner() {
count++;
console.log(count);
}
}
const counter = outer();
counter(); // 1
counter(); // 2
22. What is scope in JavaScript?
Scope determines the visibility of variables.
Types:
• Global scope
• Function scope
• Block scope (with let and const)
23. What are template literals in ES6?
A way to embed variables in strings using backticks `:
Example:
let name = "John";
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
24. What are JavaScript Promises?
A promise represents the result of an asynchronous operation.
Example:
let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve("Success");
});
25. What is asynchronous JavaScript?
It allows tasks to run in the background without blocking the main thread, using
callbacks, promises, or async/await.
26. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous code?
• Synchronous: Tasks execute one after the other.
• Asynchronous: Tasks execute independently; the result is handled later.
27. What are setTimeout() and setInterval()?
• setTimeout() runs a function after a delay.
• setInterval() runs it repeatedly at intervals.
Example:
setTimeout(() => console.log("Hi after 2 sec"), 2000);
setInterval(() => console.log("Repeating..."), 1000);
28. What are common JavaScript errors?
• ReferenceError: Variable not defined.
• TypeError: Wrong type of value.
• SyntaxError: Incorrect code syntax.
29. How do you handle errors in JavaScript?
Using try...catch block:
Example:
try {
// risky code
} catch (error) {
console.log("Error:", error.message);
}
30. What is event delegation?
A technique of handling events at a higher level (like a parent) instead of individual
elements.
