Complete Python Roadmap
Stage 1: Python Fundamentals (Beginner)
Goal: Understand basic Python syntax and programming concepts.
Topics:
- Installation (Python, pip, IDE: VS Code, PyCharm)
- Variables & Data Types
- Basic I/O (input/output)
- Operators (Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical)
- Conditional Statements (if, else, elif)
- Loops (for, while, break, continue)
- Functions (parameters, return)
- Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
- String operations
- Exception Handling (try, except)
Practice:
- Simple calculator
- Number guessing game
- Palindrome checker
Stage 2: Intermediate Python
Goal: Build problem-solving skills and dive deeper into Python features.
Topics:
- List Comprehensions
- Lambda, map(), filter(), reduce()
- Modules and Packages
- File Handling (read, write, with statement)
- Error & Exception handling (custom exceptions)
- Object-Oriented Programming (Classes, Inheritance, Encapsulation)
- Virtual Environments (venv)
- Pythonic code & best practices (PEP8)
Practice:
- File organizer script
- Simple contact book
- Command-line to-do app
Stage 3: Data Structures and Algorithms with Python
Goal: Master problem-solving for interviews and real-world coding.
Topics:
- Arrays, Stacks, Queues, Linked Lists
- Trees, Graphs, Heaps, Hash Tables
- Searching & Sorting (Binary search, Merge sort, etc.)
- Recursion
- Dynamic Programming
- Time and Space Complexity (Big-O)
Practice:
- Leetcode, HackerRank, Codeforces
- Solve 100+ problems of varying difficulty
Stage 4: Working with Libraries and APIs
Goal: Learn how Python interacts with the real world.
Topics:
- requests (REST APIs)
- json, csv handling
- datetime, time
- argparse (command-line tools)
- Web scraping with BeautifulSoup, Selenium
Practice:
- Weather app using OpenWeatherMap API
- Currency converter
- News aggregator
Stage 5: Web Development with Python
Goal: Build full-stack web apps.
Topics:
- Flask or Django framework
- Templating (Jinja2 for Flask)
- REST APIs with Flask/Django REST Framework
- ORM (SQLAlchemy or Django ORM)
- Authentication
- Frontend basics: HTML, CSS, JS
Practice:
- Blog app
- User authentication system
- Task manager with REST API
Stage 6: Data Science / Machine Learning (Optional Path)
Goal: Analyze data and build predictive models.
Topics:
- numpy, pandas (Data manipulation)
- matplotlib, seaborn, plotly (Visualization)
- scikit-learn, statsmodels (Machine Learning)
- tensorflow / pytorch (Deep Learning)
Practice:
- Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
- Linear Regression model
- Image classifier (Deep Learning)
Stage 7: Automation, DevOps, and Scripting
Goal: Use Python for daily automation and DevOps tasks.
Topics:
- Automating file tasks
- Web scraping
- Email automation
- Cron jobs
- Using Python with Docker
- CI/CD basics with Python scripts
Practice:
- Auto-email sender
- Instagram bot
- Website uptime monitor
Stage 8: Game Development (Optional Path)
Goal: Create games using Python.
Topics:
- pygame library
Practice:
- Snake game
- Tetris
- 2D platformer
Final Stage: Build Projects & Contribute
Goal: Apply skills to real-world scenarios.
Topics:
- Portfolio website (Flask/Django)
- Chat app with sockets
- Personal finance tracker
- AI chatbot
- Resume parser
Practice:
- Host projects on GitHub
- Write documentation
- Contribute to open-source
- Participate in hackathons
