Introduction
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM
Lecture by:
Ranjeet Kumar
Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Mohan Babu University
Tirupati, India
March 26, 2025
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Contents
1 Introduction
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Introduction
Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO):
Nature-inspired optimization algorithm developed by Xin-She
Yang and Suash Deb in 2009.
Based on the brood parasitism behavior of cuckoo birds.
Particularly their egg-laying strategy, combined with the Lévy
flight-based random walk to explore the search space
efficiently.
Cuckoos are known for their parasitic behavior, where they lay
their eggs in the nests of other host birds. Some host birds
recognize these foreign eggs and either throw them out or
abandon the nest. This behavior inspires the selection and
replacement process in the algorithm.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Basic Principle:
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Characteristics
Inspired by Cuckoo Reproduction Behavior CSA mimics
the behavior of cuckoo birds, which lay their eggs in other
birds’ nests. The survival of these eggs depends on whether
the host bird detects and removes them. This concept is
applied in the algorithm to select the best solutions.
Uses Lévy Flight for Exploration Instead of a normal
random walk, CSA uses Lévy flights to search the solution
space. Lévy flights ensure a mix of short steps (local search)
and long jumps (global search), improving efficiency.
Combination of Exploration and Exploitation
Exploration: Long jumps via Lévy flights help discover new
regions.
Exploitation: The best solutions (nests) are retained and
refined over time.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Simple and Fewer Parameters
Selection of the Best Solutions
Fraction-Based Nest Replacement
Fast Convergence to Optimal Solution
Works Well in Continuous and Discrete Optimization
Problems
Robust and Efficient for High-Dimensional Problems
No Need for Gradient Information
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Lévy Flights for Random Walk:
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Advantages of Levy Flight:
Efficient Global Search (Exploration)
Balanced Exploration and Exploitation
Faster Convergence Rate
Higher Solution Diversity
Avoids Premature Convergence
Computational Efficiency
Better Performance in High-Dimensional Problems
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
Step 1: Initialization
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
Step 2: Generate New Solutions (Cuckoo’s Behavior)
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
Step 3: Evaluate Fitness
Compare the fitness of the new solution with the existing one.
If the new solution is better, it replaces the old one.
Step 4: Abandon Worst Nests & Introduce New Ones
With probability Pa , some worst nests are abandoned.
New nests are introduced randomly to maintain diversity.
Step 5: Rank & Select the Best Solutions
Sort the nests based on their fitness.
Keep the best solutions for the next generation.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
Step 6: Stopping Criterion
Repeat the process until a stopping condition is met (e.g.,
max iterations or desired fitness achieved).
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Working of CSO
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Advantages:
High Efficiency in Exploration and Exploitation.
Few Control Parameters.
Fast Convergence.
Robustness and Versatility.
Global Optimization Capability.
Simple and Easy to Implement.
Scalability.
Flexible and Hybridizable.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
When to use:
High-Dimensional, Complex Problems.
Continuous and Nonlinear Optimization.
When Fast Convergence is Needed.
When You Need a Simple and Fewer Parameter Algorithm.
Hybridization with Other Algorithms.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
When to Avoid:
Discrete and Combinatorial Problems.
Highly Constrained Problems.
Small-Scale or Low-Dimensional Problems.
Real-Time or Low-Power Applications.
Highly Dynamic Environments.
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
Introduction
Variants:
Improved Cuckoo Search (ICS).
Discrete Cuckoo Search (DCS).
Quantum-Behaved Cuckoo Search (QCS).
Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search (MOCS).
Hybrid Cuckoo Search (HCS).
Chaotic Cuckoo Search (CCS).
Self-Adaptive Cuckoo Search (SACS).
Lévy-Flight Cuckoo Search (LFCS).
Parallel Cuckoo Search (PCS).
B.Tech (AI & ML) VI SEM Mohan Babu University, Tirupati
Cuckoo Serach Optimization
