Python Learning Document
1. Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its easy-to-read syntax
and wide range of applications—from web development to data analysis, automation, and
artificial intelligence.
Key Features
Simple and readable syntax
Interpreted (no compilation needed)
Dynamically typed
Extensive standard library
Large community support
2. Setting Up the Environment
Installing Python
1. Visit https://www.python.org/downloads/
2. Download the latest version (recommended)
3. Install and check version:
python --version
Using an IDE or Text Editor
IDEs: PyCharm, Visual Studio Code, Thonny
Online Editors: Replit, Jupyter Notebook, Google Colab
3. Basic Syntax and Data Types
Hello World Example
print("Hello, World!")
Comments
# This is a single-line comment
"""
This is a
multi-line comment
"""
Variables and Data Types
name = "Alice" # string
age = 25 # integer
height = 5.6 # float
is_student = True # boolean
Common Data Types
int
float
str
bool
list, tuple, dict, set
4. Control Flow
Conditional Statements
if age >= 18:
print("Adult")
else:
print("Minor")
Loops
For Loop
for i in range(5):
print(i)
While Loop
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1
5. Functions
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"
print(greet("Alice"))
6. Data Structures
Lists
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.append("orange")
Tuples
coordinates = (10.0, 20.0)
Dictionaries
person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
print(person["name"])
Sets
unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 2}
7. File Handling
# Write to file
with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello, world!")
# Read from file
with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.read())
8. Error Handling
try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
finally:
print("Execution complete")
9. Modules and Packages
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
Creating Your Own Module
# mymodule.py
def add(a, b):
return a + b
# main.py
import mymodule
print(mymodule.add(2, 3))
10. Next Steps
Practice with small projects
Explore libraries like numpy, pandas, matplotlib
Learn about Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Try web development with Flask or Django
Dive into automation or data science
