PYQT5

PROGRAMMING
TUTORIAL FOR
BEGINNERS

A BEGINNER’S INTRODUCTION TO
DESKTOP APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
RAVI PRASAD
1
 PYQT5
PROGRAMMING
TUTORIAL FOR
BEGINNERS
dfclE
c*
A BEGINNER’S INTRODUCTION TO
DESKTOP APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
RAVI PRASAD

2
 PyQt5 Programming Tutorial for
Beginners : A Beginner’s
Introduction to Desktop Application
Development
Author
Ravi Prasad
Copyright © 2024 kdp copyright All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other
electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of
the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in reviews
and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law.

Table Of Contents

Chapter - 1 : Introduction
Supporting Environments
Windows
Chapter - 2 : What’s New
Chapter - 3 : Hello World
Chapter - 4 : Major Classes
Chapter - 5 : Using Qt Designer
Chapter - 6 : Signals & Slots
Using Qt Designer's Signal/Slot Editor
Building Signal-slot Connection
3
 Example
Output
Chapter - 7 : Layout Management
setGeometry() syntax
Chapter - 8 : Basic Widgets
Chapter - 9 : QDialog Class
Example
Chapter - 10 : QMessageBox
Example
Chapter - 11 : Multiple Document Interface
Example
Chapter - 12 : Drag and Drop
Example
Chapter - 13 : Database Handling
Example
Example
Chapter - 14 : Drawing API
Example
Chapter - 15 : BrushStyle Constants
Brush Style Constants
Predefined QColor Styles
Predefined QColor Objects
Chapter - 16 : QClipboard
Example
Chapter - 17 : QPixmap Class
Example

4
 Chapter - 1 : Introduction
PyQt is a GUI widgets toolkit. It is a Python interface for Qt, one of the
most powerful, and popular cross-platform GUI libraries. PyQt was
developed by RiverBank Computing Ltd. The latest version of PyQt can be
downloaded from its official website − riverbankcomputing.com
PyQt API is a set of modules containing a large number of classes and
functions. While the QtCore module contains non-GUI functionality for
working with file and directory etc., the QtGui module contains all the
graphical controls. In addition, there are modules for working with XML
(QtXml), SVG (QtSvg), and SQL (QtSql), etc.
A list of frequently used modules is given below −
1. QtCore − Core non-GUI classes used by other modules
2. QtGui − Graphical user interface components
3. QtMultimedia − Classes for low-level multimedia programming
4. QtNetwork − Classes for network programming
5. QtOpenGL − OpenGL support classes
6. QtScript − Classes for evaluating Qt Scripts
7. QtSql − Classes for database integration using SQL
8. QtSvg − Classes for displaying the contents of SVG files
9. QtWebKit − Classes for rendering and editing HTML
10.
QtXml − Classes for handling XML
11.
QtWidgets − Classes for creating classic desktop-
style UIs
12.
QtDesigner − Classes for extending Qt Designer

Supporting Environments
PyQt is compatible with all the popular operating systems including
Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. It is dual licensed, available under GPL as
well as commercial licence. The latest stable version is PyQt5-5.13.2.

5
Windows
Wheels for 32-bit or 64-bit architecture are provided that are compatible
with Python version 3.5 or later. The recommended way to install is using
PIP utility −
pip3 install PyQt5

To install development tools such as Qt Designer to support PyQt5 wheels,

following is the command −
pip3 install pyqt5-tools

You can also build PyQt5 on Linux/macOS from the source code
www.riverbankcomputing.com/static/Downloads/PyQt5

Chapter - 2 : What’s New

PyQt5 API is not automatically compatible with earlier versions. Hence,
Python code involving PyQt4 modules should be upgraded manually by
making relevant changes. In this chapter, main differences between PyQt4
and PyQt5 have been listed.
PyQt5 is not supported on versions of Python earlier than v2.6.
PyQt5 doesn't support connect() method of QObject class for connection
between signal and slot. Hence the usage can no more be implemented −
QObject.connect(widget, QtCore.SIGNAL(‘signal name’), slot_function)

Only the following syntax is defined −

widget.signal.connect(slot_function)

Classes defined in earlier QtGui modules have been distributed in QtGui,

QtPrintSupport and QtWidgets modules.

6
In the new QFileDialog class, The getOpenFileNameAndFilter() method
is replaced by getOpenFileName(), getOpenFileNamesAndFilter() by
getOpenFileNames() and getSaveFileNameAndFilter() by
getSaveFileName(). Older signatures of these methods also have changed.
PyQt5 doesn’t have a provision to define a class that is subclassed from
more than one Qt class.
pyuic5 utility (to generate Python code from Designer's XML file) does not
support the --pyqt3-wrapper flag.
pyrcc5 does not support the -py2 and -py3 flags. The output of pyrcc5 is
compatible with all versions of Python v2.6 onwards.
PyQt5 always invokes sip.setdestroyonexit() automatically and calls the
C++ destructor of all wrapped instances that it owns.

Chapter - 3 : Hello World

Creating a simple GUI application using PyQt involves the following steps
−
1. Import QtCore, QtGui and QtWidgets modules from PyQt5
package.
2. Create an application object of QApplication class.
3. A QWidget object creates a top level window. Add a QLabel
object in it.
4. Set the caption of the label as "hello world".
5. Define the size and position of the window by the setGeometry()
method.
6. Enter the mainloop of the application by app.exec_() method.

Following is the code to execute Hello World program in PyQt −

import sys
from PyQt5 . import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *

7
def window ():
app = QApplication (sys.argv )
w =QWidget( )
b = QLab el w)
b setText ("Hello World!" )
w. setGe ometry ( 0 ,100,200,50)
b.move(50,20 )
w setWindowTitle("PyQt5")
w.show()
sys .exit(app.exec_ ())
if __name __ == '__main__' :
window ( )
The above code produces the following output −
■ PyQt5 - □ X

Hello World!

It is also possible to develop an object oriented solution of the above code.

1. Import QtCore, QtGui and QtWidgets modules from PyQt5
package.
2. Create an application object of QApplication class.
3. Declare window class based on QWidget class
4. Add a QLabel object and set the caption of the label as "hello
world".
5. Define the size and position of the window by the setGeometry()
method.
6. Enter the mainloop of the application by app.exec_() method.

Following is the complete code of the object oriented solution −

import sys
from PyQt5 . import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
class window (QWidget ):
def __init__( parent =

8
 super (win dow, self ).__init__(parent)
s el f. resize(200 ,50)
s el f.setWindowTitle ("P yQt5")
s el f.label = QLab el( self)
sel f.label .setText( "Hello World")
font = QFont( )
font setFamily ("Arial"
font.setPointSize(16 )
s el f.label.setFont f ont)
sel f.l .move ( 50,20 )
d ef main
app= QApplication ( sys.argv)
ex = win dow( )
ex . how()
sys it(app.exec_ ())
if __na me__ == '__main__':
main ()
■ ' PyQt5 - X

Hello World

Chapter - 4 : Major Classes

PyQt API is a large collection of classes and methods. These classes are
defined in more than 20 modules.
Following are some of the frequently used modules −

Sr.N Modules & Description

o.

1 QtCore

9
 Core non-GUI classes used by other modules

2 QtGui
Graphical user interface components

3 QtMultimedia
Classes for low-level multimedia
programming

4 QtNetwork
Classes for network programming

5 QtOpenGL
OpenGL support classes

6 QtScript
Classes for evaluating Qt Scripts

7 QtSql
Classes for database integration using SQL

8 QtSvg
Classes for displaying the contents of SVG
files

9 QtWebKit
Classes for rendering and editing HTML

10 QtXml
Classes for handling XML

11 QtWidgets
Classes for creating classic desktop-style UIs.

12 QtDesigner
Classes for extending Qt Designer

13 QtAssistant

10
 Support for online help

PyQt5 development tools is a collection of useful utilities for Qt

development. Following is a select list of such utilities −

Sr. Tool Name & Description

No.

1 assistant
Qt Assistant documentation tool

2 pyqt5designer
Qt Designer GUI layout tool

3 linguist
Qt Linguist translation tool

4 lrelease
compile ts files to qm files

5 pylupdate5
extract translation strings and generate or update ts files

6 qmake
Qt software build tool

7 pyqt5 qml scene

QML file viewer

8 pyqmlviewer
QML file viewer

9 pyrcc5
Qt resource file compiler

10 pyuic5
Qt User Interface Compiler for generating code from ui
files

11
 11 pyqmltestrunner
running unit tests on QML code

12 qdbus
command-line tool to list D-Bus services

13 QDoc
documentation generator for software projects.

14 Qhelpgenerator
generating and viewing Qt help files.

15 qmlimportscanner
parses and reports on QML imports

PyQt API contains more than 400 classes. The QObject class is at the top
of class hierarchy. It is the base class of all Qt objects. Additionally,
QPaintDevice class is the base class for all objects that can be painted.
QApplication class manages the main settings and control flow of a GUI
application. It contains a main event loop inside which events generated by
window elements and other sources are processed and dispatched. It also
handles system-wide and application-wide settings.
QWidget class, derived from QObject and QPaintDevice classes, is the
base class for all user interface objects. QDialog and QFrame classes are
also derived from QWidget class. They have their own sub-class system.
Here is a select list of frequently used widgets

Sr. Widgets & Description

No.

1 QLabel
Used to display text or image

2 QLineEdit
Allows the user to enter one line of text

12
3 QTextEdit
Allows the user to enter multi-line text

4 QPushButton
A command button to invoke action

5 QRadioButton
Enables to choose one from multiple options

6 QCheckBox
Enables choice of more than one options

7 QSpinBox
Enables to increase/decrease an integer value

8 QScrollBar
Enables to access contents of a widget beyond display aperture

9 QSlider
Enables to change the bound value linearly.

10 QComboBox
Provides a dropdown list of items to select from

11 QMenuBar
Horizontal bar holding QMenu objects

12 QStatusBar
Usually at the bottom of QMainWindow, it provides status
information.

13 QToolBar
Usually at the top of QMainWindow or floating. Contains action
buttons

14 QListView
Provides a selectable list of items in ListMode or IconMode

13
 15 QPixmap
Off-screen image representation for display on QLabel or
QPushButton object

16 QDialog
Modal or modeless window which can return information to parent
window

A typical GUI based application’s top level window is created by

QMainWindow widget object. Some widgets as listed above take their
appointed place in this main window, while others are placed in the central
widget area using various layout managers.
The following diagram shows the QMainWindow framework −

Menu Bar
Toolbar Areas

Dock Window Areas

Central Widget

Status Bar

Chapter - 5 : Using Qt Designer

The PyQt installer comes with a GUI builder tool called Qt Designer.
Using its simple drag and drop interface, a GUI interface can be quickly

14
built without having to write the code. It is, however, not an IDE such as
Visual Studio. Hence, Qt Designer does not have the facility to debug and
build the application.
Start Qt Designer application which is a part of development tools and
installed in the scripts folder of the virtual environment.
Q Qt Designer O X

Ale Edit Fgrm View Settings Window Help

!M r 9 B 9 9
Widget Box Object Inspector ft X

Inter

3 Vertical Layout JU
HcrtZOlMal Layout

$ Grid Layout
Property Editor
Form Layout

XmHorizontal Space Property Value

J Vertical Space
Buttons

Push Button
Action Editor
Tool Button

Radio Button

Check 8o« Name Used

Command Link Button

Dialog Button Box

v
Item Views (Model-Baserf)
List View

*L.Q Tree View Sflnal/SW Ed Action Ed Re*oj’ce&o«v

Start designing GUI interface by choosing File → New menu.

15
 L*. New Form - Qt Designer

templatesXforms
Dialog with Buttons Bottom
Dialog with Buttons Right Dialog
without Buttons
Main Window
Widget
Widgets
QDockWidget
QFrame
QGroupBox
QScrollArea
QMdiArea
QTabWidget
QToolBox
Embedded Design
QStackedWidget
QWizard Device:
QWizardPage
Screen Size: Default size

0 Show this Dialog on Startup

Create Open... Recent ▼ Close

You can then drag and drop required widgets from the widget box on the
left pane. You can also assign value to properties of the widget laid on the
form.

16
 O Qt Designer

File Edit Form Vie* Jettings Window Help

W.dgetBox Object Inspector

loiter

|*'xl >9 Button Box

Oia,<
Object Class
Item Views (Model •Based) v
Item Widgets (Item-Based) 4> Form QWidget
label QLabel
Containers
Input Widgets
Combo Box
QLineEd'it
Font Combo Box

line Edit Maths

Text Edit

Plain Text Edit Add

Property Value

> text PhySrCS

textFormat AutoText

Signal Re<
rami Horizontal Scroll Bar

Q| Vertical Scroll Bar

Horizontal Slider

The designed form is saved as demo.ui. This ui file contains XML

representation of widgets and their properties in the design. This design is
translated into Python equivalent by using pyuic5 command line utility.
This utility is a wrapper for the uic module of Qt toolkit. The usage of
pyuic5 is as follows −
pyuic5 -x demo.ui -o demo.py

In the above command, -x switch adds a small amount of additional code to

the generated Python script (from XML) so that it becomes a self-
executable standalone application.
if __name__ == "__main__":
imp ort sys
app = QtGui QA pplication (sys.argv)
D alog = QtGu . ()
ui = Ui_D ialog ()
ui .setupUi (D ialog )
Dia log. show()
sys.exit( app. ())
17
The resultant python script is executed to show the following dialog box −
python demo.py

■J Form — X

Physics

Maths

Add

Total

The user can input data in input fields but clicking on the Add button will
not generate any action as it is not associated with any function. Reacting to
user-generated responses is called event handling.

Chapter - 6 : Signals & Slots

Unlike a console mode application, which is executed in a sequential
manner, a GUI based application is event driven. Functions or methods are
executed in response to user’s actions like clicking on a button, selecting an
item from a collection or a mouse click etc., called events.
Widgets used to build the GUI interface act as the source of such events.
Each PyQt widget, which is derived from the QObject class, is designed to
emit a ‘signal’ in response to one or more events. The signal on its own
does not perform any action. Instead, it is ‘connected’ to a ‘slot’. The slot
can be any callable Python function.

Using Qt Designer's Signal/Slot Editor

18
First design a simple form with a LineEdit control and a PushButton.
- untitled*

PushButton

It is desired that if a button is pressed, the contents of the text box should be
erased. The QLineEdit widget has a clear() method for this purpose. Hence,
the button’s clicked signal is to be connected to the clear() method of the
text box.
To start with, choose Edit signals/slots from the Edit menu (or press F4).
Then highlight the button with mouse and drag the cursor towards the
textbox

19
 - untitled’

As the mouse is released, a dialog showing signals of button and methods

of slot will be displayed. Select clicked signal and clear() method
O Configure Connection - Qt Designer X

pushButton (QPushButton) meEdit (QLineEdit)

clickedO clearQ
clicked(bool) copyO
pressedQ cutO
releasedQ pasteO
toggled(bool) redoQ
selectAIIO
undoQ

Edit... Edit...

E Show signals and slots inherited from QWidget

| OK | Cancel

The Signal/Slot Editor window at bottom right will show the result −

20
 Signal/Slot Editor fi1 X

l » l~

Sender Signal Receiver Slot

pushButton clicked() lin eEdit clear()

Signal/Slot Editor Action Editor Resource Browser

Save ui and Build and Python code from ui file as shown in the below code
−
pyuic5 -x signalslot.ui -o signalslot.py

Generated Python code will have the connection between signal and slot by
the following statement −
self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.lineEdit.clear)

Run signalslot.py and enter some text in the LineEdit. The text will be
cleared if the button is pressed.

Building Signal-slot Connection

Instead of using Designer, you can directly establish signal-slot connection
by following syntax −
widget.signal.connect(slot_function)

Suppose if a function is to be called when a button is clicked. Here, the

clicked signal is to be connected to a callable function. It can be achieved in
any of the following technique −
button.clicked.connect(slot_function)

Example
In the following example, two QPushButton objects (b1 and b2) are added
in the QDialog window. We want to call functions b1_clicked() and

21
b2_clicked() on clicking b1 and b2 respectively.
When b1 is clicked, the clicked() signal is connected to b1_clicked()
function −
b1.clicked.connect(b1_clicked())

When b2 is clicked, the clicked() signal is connected to b2_clicked()

function.
import sys
from PyQt5 . import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *
def window():
app = QApplication ( sys. gv)
win = QDialog ()
b1 = (win )
b1 . "Button1 "
b1. (50,20)
b1. (b1_clicked )

b2 = QPu shButton (win )

b2 setText ("Button2 "
b2. ( 50,50 )
b2. (b2_clicked)

win. ( 100, , , )
win .setWindowTitle("PyQt5")
win .show()
sys. (app . )
def
b1 _clicked():
print "Button 1 clicked")
def
b2 _clicked():
print "Button 2 clicked")

22
if __name__ == '__main__':
window()
The above code produces the following output −
■ PyQt5 X

Button1

Button2

Output
Button 1 clicked
Button 2 clicked

Chapter - 7 : Layout Management

A GUI widget can be placed inside the container window by specifying its
absolute coordinates measured in pixels. The coordinates are relative to the
dimensions of the window defined by the setGeometry() method.

setGeometry() syntax
QWidget.setGeometry(xpos, ypos, width, height)

In the following code snippet, the top level window of 300 by 200 pixels
dimensions is displayed at position (10, 10) on the monitor.
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui
def wi ndow ():
app = QtGui . QApplication(sys.

23
 w =QtGu i QWidget( )
b = QtGu i . on( w)
b setText ( " Hello World!")
b.move (50,20)
w.setGeometry(10, 0, 0, )
w setWindowTitle(“ PyQt ”)
w.show()
sys .exit(ap p. xec_() )
if __name __== '__main__ ' :
window ( )
A PushButton widget is added in the
window and placed at a position 50 pixels towards right and 20 pixels below
the top left position of the window.
This Absolute Positioning, however, is not suitable because of following
reasons −
1. The position of the widget does not change even if the window is
resized.
2. The appearance may not be uniform on different display devices
with different resolutions.
3. Modification in the layout is difficult as it may need redesigning
the entire form.
• PyQt5 Window — □ X • PyQtS Window X

Hello World! Hello World'

PyQt API provides layout classes for more elegant management of

positioning of widgets inside the container. The advantages of Layout
managers over absolute positioning are −
1. Widgets inside the window are automatically resized.
24
 2. Ensures uniform appearance on display devices with different
resolutions.
3. Adding or removing a widget dynamically is possible without
having to redesign.

Qt toolkit defines various layouts that can be used with Qt Designer utility.
O Ct Designer

Ale £dt F&rm View Settings Window Help

igfB S W S H X S » S» H
Widget Bo.
Object Inspector
j iter Piter
layouts
Object CUM
3 Verticil layout
J] Horizontal layout
Layout Managers
'ii Grid layout
Property Editor X
rr Form Layout
Petr _ |oj

S'Jtton-5
Property Value
Item Views (Model Based)
item Widgets (Mem- Based)
> Containers
Input
Widgets
DnpUyWdgets Action Editor

5 ■ x z

Name Used

S*yMi5 Art Rescue

Here is the list of Classes which we will discuss one by one in this chapter.

Sr. Classes & Description

No.

1 QBoxLayout
QBoxLayout class lines up the widgets vertically or horizontally.
Its derived classes are QVBoxLayout (for arranging widgets
vertically) and QHBoxLayout (for arranging widgets horizontally).

2 QGridLayout
A GridLayout class object presents a grid of cells arranged in rows
and columns. The class contains the addWidget() method. Any
widget can be added by specifying the number of rows and
columns of the cell.

25
 3 QFormLayout
QFormLayout is a convenient way to create two column forms,
where each row consists of an input field associated with a label.
As a convention, the left column contains the label and the right
column contains an input field.

Chapter - 8 : Basic Widgets

Here is the list of Widgets which we will discuss one by one in this chapter.

Sr. Widgets & Description

No

1 QLabel
A QLabel object acts as a placeholder to display non-editable text
or image, or a movie of animated GIF. It can also be used as a
mnemonic key for other widgets.

2 QLineEdit
QLineEdit object is the most commonly used input field. It
provides a box in which one line of text can be entered. In order to
enter multi-line text, a QTextEdit object is required.

3 QPushButton
In PyQt API, the QPushButton class object presents a button which
when clicked can be programmed to invoke a certain function.

4 QRadioButton
A QRadioButton class object presents a selectable button with a
text label. The user can select one of many options presented on the
form. This class is derived from the QAbstractButton class.

5 QCheckBox

26
 A rectangular box before the text label appears when a QCheckBox
object is added to the parent window. Just like the QRadioButton, it
is also a selectable button.

6 QComboBox
A QComboBox object presents a dropdown list of items to select
from. It takes minimum screen space on the form required to
display only the currently selected item.

7 QSpinBox
A QSpinBox object presents the user with a textbox which displays
an integer with an up/down button on its right.

8 QSlider Widget & Signal

The QSlider class object presents the user with a groove over which
a handle can be moved. It is a classic widget to control a bounded
value.

9 QMenuBar, QMenu & QAction

A horizontal QMenuBar just below the title bar of a QMainWindow
object is reserved for displaying QMenu objects.

10 QToolBar
A QToolBar widget is a movable panel consisting of text buttons,
buttons with icons or other widgets.

11 QInputDialog
This is a preconfigured dialog with a text field and two buttons, OK
and Cancel. The parent window collects the input in the text box
after the user clicks on Ok button or presses Enter.

12 QFontDialog
Another commonly used dialog, a font selector widget is the visual
appearance of QDialog class. Result of this dialog is a Qfont object,
which can be consumed by the parent window.

13 QFileDialog

27
 This widget is a file selector dialog. It enables the user to navigate
through the file system and select a file to open or save. The dialog
is invoked either through static functions or by calling exec_()
function on the dialog object.

14 QTab
If a form has too many fields to be displayed simultaneously, they
can be arranged in different pages placed under each tab of a
Tabbed Widget. The QTabWidget provides a tab bar and a page
area.

15 QStacked
The Function of QStackedWidget is similar to QTabWidget. It also
helps in the efficient use of the window's client area.

16 QSplitter
This is another advanced layout manager which allows the size of
child widgets to be changed dynamically by dragging the
boundaries between them. The Splitter control provides a handle
that can be dragged to resize the controls.

17 QDock
A dockable window is a sub window that can remain in floating
state or can be attached to the main window at a specified position.
Main window object of QMainWindow class has an area reserved
for dockable windows.

18 QStatusBar
The QMainWindow object reserves a horizontal bar at the bottom
as the status bar. It is used to display either permanent or contextual
status information.

19 QList
QListWidget class is an item-based interface to add or remove
items from a list. Each item in the list is a QListWidgetItem object.
ListWidget can be set to be multiselectable.

20 QScrollBar

28
 A scrollbar control enables the user to access parts of the document
that are outside the viewable area. It provides a visual indicator of
the current position.

21 QCalendar
QCalendar widget is a useful date picker control. It provides a
month-based view. The user can select the date by the use of the
mouse or the keyboard, the default being today’s date.

Chapter - 9 : QDialog Class

A QDialog widget presents a top level window mostly used to collect
responses from the user. It can be configured to be Modal (where it blocks
its parent window) or Modeless (the dialog window can be bypassed).
PyQt API has a number of preconfigured Dialog widgets such as
InputDialog, FileDialog, FontDialog, etc.

Example
In the following example, the WindowModality attribute of the Dialog
window decides whether it is modal or modeless. Any one button on the
dialog can be set to be default. The dialog is discarded by the
QDialog.reject() method when the user presses the Escape key.
A PushButton on a top level QWidget window, when clicked, produces a
Dialog window. A Dialog box doesn’t have minimise and maximise
controls on its title bar.
The user cannot relegate this dialog box in the background because its
WindowModality is set to ApplicationModal.
import sys
from PyQt5 .QtCore import *
from PyQt5 . import *

29
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
def window :
app = QApplication ( sys.argv)
w = QWidget()
btn = QPus hButton( w)
btn setText("H ello World!")
btn. (1 00,50)
.clicked.conne ct( showdialog)
btn
w setWindowTitle ( "PyQt Dialog demo")
show ()
w.
sys. ( pp. ())
def showdialog () :
dlg = QDialog ()
b1 = QPu shButton("ok" ,dlg)
b1.move (50,50)
dl g.setWindowTitle ("Dialog" ) 9. PyQt5 — QDialog Class
dl . setWindowModality(Qt .ApplicationModal)
dl gexec_()
if __name__ == '__main__':
window()
The above code produces the following
output. Click on button in main window and dialog box pops up −

30
 ■ PyQt Dialog demo □ X

Hello World!

Chapter - 10 : QMessageBox
QMessageBox is a commonly used modal dialog to display some
informational message and optionally ask the user to respond by clicking
any one of the standard buttons on it. Each standard button has a predefined
caption, a role and returns a predefined hexadecimal number.
Important methods and enumerations associated with QMessageBox class
are given in the following table −

Sr. Methods & Description

No.

1 setIcon()
Displays predefined icon corresponding to severity of the message
1. Question
2. Information

31
 3. Warning
4. Critical

2 setText()
Sets the text of the main message to be displayed

3 setInformativeText()
Displays additional information

4 setDetailText()
Dialog shows a Details button. This text appears on clicking it

5 setTitle()
Displays the custom title of dialog

6 setStandardButtons()
List of standard buttons to be displayed. Each button is associated
with
QMessageBox.Ok 0x00000400
QMessageBox.Open 0x00002000
QMessageBox.Save 0x00000800
QMessageBox.Cancel 0x00400000
QMessageBox.Close 0x00200000
QMessageBox.Yes 0x00004000
QMessageBox.No 0x00010000
QMessageBox.Abort 0x00040000
QMessageBox.Retry 0x00080000
QMessageBox.Ignore 0x00100000

setDefaultButton()
7
Set the button as default. It emits the clicked signal if Enter is
pressed

setEscapeButton()
8
Sets the button to be treated as clicked if the escape key is pressed

32
Example
In the following example, clicking the button on the top level window, the
connected function displays the messagebox dialog.
msg = QMessageBox()
msg.setIcon(QMessageBox.Information)
msg.setText("This is a message box")
msg.setInformativeText("This is additional information")
msg.setWindowTitle("MessageBox demo")
msg.setDetailedText("The details are as follows:")

setStandardButton() function displays desired buttons.

msg.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox.Ok | QMessageBox.Cancel)

buttonClicked() signal is connected to a slot function, which identifies the

caption of source of the signal.
msg.buttonClicked.connect(sms btn)

The complete code for the example is as follows −

import sys
from PyQt5 . import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *
def window():
app = QApplication (sys. )
w = QWidget()
b =QPushButton w)
b. ("Show message!" )

b.move (1 00,50 )
b.clicked.connect(showdialog )
w setWindowTitle("PyQt MessageBox demo")
w.show ()
sys . (a pp.exec_ ())

33
def g
msg = QMessageBox()
msg.setIcon (QMessageBox .Information )

msg.setText("This is a message box" )

msg .setInformativeText ("This is additional information")
msg.setWindowTitle( "MessageBox demo")
msg .setDetailedText ("T he details are as follows:" )
msg.setStandardButtons (Q MessageBo Ok | QMessageBox .Cancel)
msg.buttonClicked .connect (x.
retval = msg. ()
def
ms gbtn(i):
print "Button pressed ,. ())
is:"
if __name__ == '__main__':
window()
The above code produces the following output.
Message Box pops up when main windows’ button is clicked −
■ PyQt MessageBox demo □ X
This is a message box

This is additional information

Show message1
OK Hide Details... Cancel

The details are as follows:

If you click on Ok or Cancel button on MessageBox, the following output is

produced on the console −
Button pressed is: OK
Button pressed is: Cancel

34
 Chapter - 11 : Multiple Document
Interface
A typical GUI application may have multiple windows. Tabbed and stacked
widgets allow one such window to be activated at a time. However, many
times this approach may not be useful as the view of other windows is
hidden.
One way to display multiple windows simultaneously is to create them as
independent windows. This is called SDI (single Document Interface).
This requires more memory resources as each window may have its own
menu system, toolbar, etc.
MDI (Multiple Document Interface) applications consume lesser memory
resources. The sub windows are laid down inside the main container with
relation to each other. The container widget is called QMdiArea.
The QMdiArea widget generally occupies the central widget of the
MainWindow object. Child windows in this area are instances of
QMdiSubWindow class. It is possible to set any QWidget as the internal
widget of subWindow object. Sub-windows in the MDI area can be
arranged in cascaded or tile fashion.
The following table lists important methods of QMdiArea class and
QMdiSubWindow class −

Sr. Methods & Description

No.

1 addSubWindow()
Adds a widget as a new sub window in MDI area

2 removeSubWindow()
Removes a widget that is internal widget of a subwindow

3 setActiveSubWindow()

35
 Activates a subwindow

4 cascadeSubWindows()
Arranges subwindows in MDiArea in a cascaded fashion

5 tileSubWindows()
Arranges subwindows in MDiArea in a tiled fashion

6 closeActiveSubWindow()
Closes the active subwindow

7 subWindowList()
Returns the list of subwindows in MDI Area

8 setWidget()
Sets a QWidget as an internal widget of a QMdiSubwindow
instance

QMdiArea object emits subWindowActivated() signal whereas

windowStateChanged() signal is emitted by QMdisubWindow object.

Example
In the following example, the top level window consisting of
QMainWindow has a menu and diarrhoea.
self.mdi = QMdiAre a()
self setCentralWidget(self .mdi)
bar = sel f ()
file = bar. ( )
file .addAction("New")
file.addAction("cascade"
file.addAction("Tiled"
) )
The Trigger() signal of the menu is
connected to the window action() function.
file.triggered[QAction].connect(self.window action)

36
The new action of the menu adds a subwindow in the MDI area with a title
having an incremental number to it.
MainWindow. count = MainWindow .count+1
sub = QMdiS ubWindow ) (
sub . setWidget(QTex tEdit())
sub setWindowTitle("subwindow" + str(MainWindow.count))
self . . ddSubWindow(sub)
sub. ()
Cascaded and tiled buttons of the menu arrange currently displayed
subwindows in cascaded and tiled fashion respectively.
The complete code is as follows −
import sys
from PyQt5 . import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *
class MainWindow (QMainWindow):
count = 0
de
f __i nit__ (self, pare nt = None ):
super (M ainWindow , el f __init__(parent)
self .mdi = QMdiArea( )
self setCentralWidget( self.mdi )
bar = sel f ()
file = bar.addM enu ("File" )
file addAction ("New")
file. ( "cascade"
file. ("Tiled" )
file. triggered [ QActi on].connect(self.window action )
self . setWindowTitle( "MDI demo")
define window action ( f q):
print ("triggered" )

if q.te xt() == "N ew" :

MainWindow . = MainWindow.count+1
37
 sub = QMdiSubWindow()
sub .setWidget(QTextEdit())
sub .setWindowTitle("subwindow"+str(MainWindow.count))
self .mdi.addSubWindow (sub)
sub .show()
if q.te xt () == "cascade":
self . i cascadeSubWindows()
if q.te xt () == "Tiled":
self . i tileSubWindows()
def main ():
app = QApplication sys .
ex = Ma inWindow()
ex . how ()
sys exit app . ())
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Run above code and three windows in cascade and tiled
formation −
MDI demo □ X
File

New

cascade

Tiled

38
 ■ MDI demo - X
File
~ subwindowl
=ir aaif
subwindow2
<=> ni
U subwindow3 1 i ® l|-£3«
a
i

File MDI demo

subwindow3 subwindow2

subwindowl

Chapter - 12 : Drag and Drop

The provision of drag and drop is very intuitive for the user. It is found in
many desktop applications where the user can copy or move objects from

39
one window to another.
MIME based drag and drop data transfer is based on QDrag class.
QMimeData objects associate the data with their corresponding MIME
type. It is stored on a clipboard and then used in the drag and drop process.
The following QMimeData class functions allow the MIME type to be
detected and used conveniently.

Tester Getter Setter MIME Types

hasText() text() setText() text/plain

hasHtml( html() setHtml() text/html

)

hasUrls() urls() setUrls() text/uri-list

hasImag imageDat setImageDat image/ *

e() a() a()

hasColor colorData setColorData application/x-

() () () color

Many QWidget objects support the drag and drop activity. Those that allow
their data to be dragged have setDragEnabled() which must be set to true.
On the other hand, the widgets should respond to the drag and drop events
in order to store the data dragged into them.
1. DragEnterEvent provides an event which is sent to the target
widget as dragging action enters it.
2. DragMoveEvent is used when the drag and drop action is in
progress.
3. DragLeaveEvent is generated as the drag and drop action leaves
the widget.
4. DropEvent, on the other hand, occurs when the drop is
completed. The event’s proposed action can be accepted or
rejected conditionally.

40
Example
In the following code, the DragEnterEvent verifies whether the MIME
data of the event contains text. If yes, the event’s proposed action is
accepted and the text is added as a new item in the ComboBox.
import sys
from PyQt5 . import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *
class combo (QComboBox):
f __i nit__(self , title ,
de ):
super(combo, self)._ _init__ ( parent)
self setAcceptDrops True )
de
f dra gEnterEvent (self , e):
print (e)
if e.mime Data().hasText()
e .a () :
els e
e. ()
de
f dr opEvent (self, e):
self . (e mimeData(). text ())
class Example (QWidge : t:
f __init__ ( self)
de
super ( Example , self ). __init__()
self. ()
def initUI( lf
lo = QFormLayout ( )
l o addRow(QLabe l "Type some text in textbox and drag it into combo
box" ))

edit = QLineEdit()
edit setDragEnabled( True )

41
 com = com bo(" Button", self )
ddRow (edit,
lo.a c om)
self. setLayout
(lo)
self etWindowTitle ('Simple drag and drop')
def m ain():
app= QApplication (sys .argv)
ex = Example()
ex.show( )
app .
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
The above code produces the following output −
• Simple drag and drop — X

Type some text in textbox and drag it into combo box

■ Simple drag and drop — X

Type some text in textbox and drag it into combo box

Hello Python Hello Python

Chapter - 13 : Database Handling

PyQt5 library contains QtSql module. It is an elaborate class system to
communicate with many SQL based databases. Its QSqlDatabase provides
access through a Connection object. Following is the list of currently
available SQL drivers −

Sr.N Driver Type & Description

o.

42
 1 QDB2
IBM DB2

2 EQUIBASE
Borland InterBase Driver

3 QMYSQL
MySQL Driver

4 QOCI
Oracle Call Interface Driver

5 QODBC
ODBC Driver (includes Microsoft SQL
Server)

6 QPSQL
PostgreSQL Driver

7 QSQLITE
SQLite version 3 or above

8 SQLITE2
SQLite version 2

Example
For this chapter, a connection with a SQLite database is established using
the static method −
db = QtSql.QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QSQLITE')
db.setDatabaseName('sports.db')

Other methods of QSqlDatabase class are as follows −

Sr. Methods & Description

No.

43
 1 setDatabaseName()
Sets the name of the database with which connection is
sought

2 setHostName()
Sets the name of the host on which the database is installed

3 setUserName()
Specifies the user name for connection

4 setPassword()
Sets the connection object’s password if any

5 commit()
Commits the transactions and returns true if successful

6 rollback()
Rolls back the database transaction

7 close()
Closes the connection

QSqlQuery class has the functionality to execute and manipulate SQL

commands. Both DDL and DML type of SQL queries can be executed. First
step is to create SQlite database using the following statements −
db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QSQLITE')
db.setDatabaseName('sportsdatabase.db')

Next, obtain a Query object with the QSqlQuery() method and call its most
important method exec_(), which takes as an argument a string containing
SQL statements to be executed.
query = QtSql.QSqlQuery()
query.exec_("create table sportsmen(id int primary key, " "firstname
varchar(20), lastname varchar(20))")

44
The following script creates a SQLite database sports.db with a table of
sportspeople populated with five records.
import sys
from PyQt5 .QtSql i mport *
from PyQt5 QtCore import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *
def createDB ():
db = QSqlDatabase .addDatabase ('QSQLITE' )
db setDatabaseName( 'sportsdatabase.db')
if not d bopen ():
msg = QMessageBox ()
msg.setIcon( QMessageBox.Critical)
msg.setText ( "Error in Database Creation" )
retval = msg . ()
retu r False
query = QSqlQuery( )
query.exec_("create table sportsmen(
id int primary key, ""firstname varchar(20), lastname varchar(20))")
query. ( "insert into sportsmen values(101, 'Roger', 'Federer')" )
query. ( "insert into sportsmen values(102, 'Christiano', 'Ronaldo')" )
query. ( "insert into sportsmen values(103, 'Usain', 'Bolt')" )
query. ( "insert into sportsmen values(104, 'Sachin', 'Tendulkar')" )
query. ( "insert into sportsmen values(105, 'Saina', 'Nehwal')" )
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QA pplication (sys .argv)
createDB ()
To confirm that the SQLite database is
created with the above records added in the sportsmen table in it, use a
SQLite Gui utility called SQLiteStudio.

45
 > SQLiteStudio (3.1.1) - [sportsmen (sports)] x
r*| Database Structure View Tools Help

X B ft A ft . 13
Databases S’ x Structure Data Constraints Indexes Triggers DDL

name Grid view Form view

u

registrations (SQL
E] Q- a a a a
«.| ,.i ■

college CSQLite3}
i Q « »
sports (SQLite3) id firstname lastname
Federer
>

i 101 Roger
J 8£

2 102 Christiano Ronaldo

"fsj

3 103 Ussain Bolt

4 104 Sachin Tendulkar
5 105 Saina Nehwal

sportsmen (sports)

QSqlTableModel class in PyQt is a high-level interface that provides an

editable data model for reading and writing records in a single table. This
model is used to populate a QTableView object. It presents to the user a
scrollable and editable view that can be put on any top level window.
A QSqlTableModel object is declared in the following manner −
model = QtSql.QSqlTableModel()

Its editing strategy can be set to any of the following −

QSqlTableModel.OnFieldChange All changes will be applied

immediately

QSqlTableModel.OnRowChange Changes will be applied when the

user selects a different row

QSqlTableModel.OnManualSub All changes will be cached until

mit either submitAll() or revertAll() is
called

Example
46
In the following example, sportsperson table is used as a model and the
strategy is set as −
model .setTable('sports men' )
model.setEditStrategy(QtSql . . )
model. ()
The
QTableView class is part of the Model/View framework in PyQt. The
QTableView object is created as follows −
view = QtGui.QTableView()
view. setModel
(model)
view.setWindowTitle ( title)
return view
This QTableView object and two QPushButton
widgets are added to the top level QDialog window. Clicked() signal of the
add button is connected to addRow() which performs insertRow() on the
model table.
button.click ed.connect(addrow)
def drow ():
print model .rowCount( )
ret = model.insertRows(mode l.rowCount(), 1)
print ret
The Slot associated with
the delete button executes a lambda function that deletes a row, which is
selected by the user.
btn1.clicked.connect(lambda:
model.removeRow(view1.currentIndex().row()))

The complete code is as follows −

import sys
from PyQt5 .QtSql i mport *
from PyQt5 QtCore import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *
initia lizeModel(model):
47
def
model. ('sportsmen')

48
 model. ( QSqlTableModel .OnFieldChange)
model.
model. ( 0 Qt.Horizontal, "ID")
model setHeaderData( 1 Qt.Horizontal, "First name")
model setHeaderData( 2 Qt.Horizontal, "Last name")
def cre teView (title, model
view = QTable View ()
view. setModel (mode
view.setWindowTitle(t itle)
return view
def row
( ():
print mode l rowCount())
ret = model .insertRows (model.rowCount(), 1)
print (ret )
def
findrow (i):
delrow = .row()
if __n ame__ == '__m ain__'
app = QApplication ( sys.argv)
db = QSqlDatabase.a ddDatabase ('QSQL ITE' )
db.
setD atabaseName ('spo rtsdatabase.db'
)
model = QSqlTableModel ()
delrow= -1
initializeModel(model )
view1 = create View (" Table Model (View 1)" , model)
view1.clicked.connect (findrow )
dlg
= QDialog()
layout = QVBoxL ayout ()
layout.addWidget view1)
button = QPus hButton ( Add a row")
button.clicked.connect (addrow )
layout addWidget button )
btn1 = QPushButton ("del a row")

49
 btn1 .clicked.conn ect(lambda:
model.r moveRow(view1. ().row()))
layout. (btn1
dlg.setLayo ut(layout)
dlg.setWindowTitle( "Database Demo")
dlg.show()
sys.exit(app.
The above code produces the following
output −
IB ' Database Demo ? X

ID First name Last name

1 101 Roger Federer

2 102 Christiano Ronaldo

3 103 Ussain Bolt

4 104 Sachin Tendulkar

5 105 Saina Nehwal

6 106 Virat Kohli

Add a row

del a row

Try adding and deleting a few records and go back to SQLiteStudio to

confirm the transactions.

Chapter - 14 : Drawing API

All the QWidget classes in PyQt are sub-classed from the QPaintDevice
class. A QPaintDevice is an abstraction of two dimensional space that can

50
be drawn upon using a QPainter. Dimensions of the paint device are
measured in pixels starting from the top-left corner.
QPainter class performs low level painting on widgets and other paintable
devices such as printers. Normally, it is used in widget’s paint event. The
QPaintEvent occurs whenever the widget’s appearance is updated.
The painter is activated by calling the begin() method, while the end()
method deactivates it. In between, the desired pattern is painted by suitable
methods as listed in the following table.

Sr. Methods & Description

No.

1 begin()
Starts painting on the target device

2 drawArc()
Draws an arc between the starting and the end angle

3 drawEllipse()
Draws an ellipse inside a rectangle

4 drawLine()
Draws a line with endpoint coordinates specified

5 drawPixmap()
Extracts pixmap from the image file and displays it at the specified
position

6 drawPolygon()
Draws a polygon using an array of coordinates

7 drawRect()
Draws a rectangle starting at the top-left coordinate with the given
width and height

8 drawText()
Displays the text at given coordinates

51
 9 fillRect()
Fills the rectangle with the QColor parameter

10 setBrush()
Sets a brush style for painting

11 setPen()
Sets the colour, size and style of pen to be used for drawing

Example
In the following code, various methods of PyQt's drawing methods are
used.
import sys
from PyQt5 . import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *
class Example ( QWidget :
f __i nit__ ( self) :
de
super (Exa mple , self).__init__()
self initUI( )
f in itUI ( elf):
de
self .text = "hello wo rld"
self .setGeometry(100,100 , 400,30 )
self setWindowTitle( 'Draw Demo')
self . ()
def paintEvent (self, event):
qp = QP ainter ()
( )
qp.begin self
qp.setPen QColor
( ( Qt.red ))
qp.setFont(Q Font('Arial', 20))
qp drawText(10,5 0, "hello Python")
qp.setPen(QColor (Qt.blu e))
qp drawLine( 10, 100, 100 100)

52
 qp.drawRect(10,150, 150,100)
qp setPen(QColor(Qt .y ellow))
qp. ( 100,50,100,50 )
qp drawPixmap (22 0,1 0 Pixmap("pythonlogo.png"))
qp. (20, 175 ,130,70,QBrush (Qt.SolidPattern))
qp.
def m ain ():
app = ExQApplication (sys.argv)
ex = .exitample ()
sys ( app .exec_())
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
The above code produces the following output −
Draw Demo

Chapter - 15 : BrushStyle
Constants
53
In this chapter, we shall learn Brush Style Constants.

Brush Style Constants

Given below are the Brush Style Constants −

Qt.NoBrush No brush pattern

Qt.SolidPattern Uniform colour

Qt.Dense Pattern Extremely dense brush pattern

Qt.HorPattern Horizontal lines

Qt.VerPattern Vertical lines

Qt.CrossPattern Crossing horizontal and vertical

lines

Qt.BDiagPattern Backward diagonal lines

Qt.FDiagPattern Forward diagonal lines

Qt.DiagCrossPatte Crossing diagonal lines

rn

Predefined QColor Styles

Given below are the Predefined QColor Styles −

Qt.NoBrush No brush pattern

Qt.SolidPattern Uniform colour

Qt.Dense Pattern Extremely dense brush pattern

Qt.HorPattern Horizontal lines

54
Qt.VerPattern Vertical lines

Qt.CrossPattern Crossing horizontal and vertical

lines

Qt.BDiagPattern Backward diagonal lines

Qt.FDiagPattern Forward diagonal lines

Qt.DiagCrossPatte Crossing diagonal lines

rn

Predefined QColor Objects

Given below are the Predefined QColor Objects −

Qt.white

Qt.black

Qt.red

Qt.darkRed

Qt.green

Qt.darkGreen

Qt.blue

Qt.cyan

Qt.magenta

Qt.yellow

Qt.darkYello
w

55
Qt.gray

Custom colour can be chosen by specifying RGB or CMYK or HSV values.

Chapter - 16 : QClipboard
The QClipboard class provides access to a system-wide clipboard that
offers a simple mechanism to copy and paste data between applications. Its
action is similar to the QDrag class and uses similar data types.
QApplication class has a static method clipboard() which returns reference
to clipboard objects. Any type of MimeData can be copied to or pasted from
the clipboard.
Following are the clipboard class methods that are commonly used −

Sr.N Methods & Description

o.

1 clear()
Clears clipboard contents

2 setImage()
Copies QImage into clipboard

3 setMimeData()
Sets MIME data into clipboard

4 setPixmap()
Copies Pixmap object in
clipboard

5 setText()
Copies QString in clipboard

56
 6 text()
Retrieves text from clipboard

Signal associated with clipboard object is −

Sr.N Method & Description

o.

1 dataChanged()
Whenever clipboard data
changes

Example
In the following example, two TextEdit objects and two Pushbuttons are
added to a top level window.
To begin with the clipboard object is instantiated. Copy() method of the
textedit object copies the data onto the system clipboard. When the Paste
button is clicked, it fetches the clipboard data and pastes it in another
textedit object.
import sys
from PyQt5 . import *
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort*
from PyQt5 QtWidgets import *
class Example (QWidge : t:
f __init__ ( self)
de
super ( Example , self ). __init__()
self. ()
def initUI (self):
hbox = Q VBoxLayout ()
self.e dit1=QText Edit()
hbox.add (self .ed it1)
self.btn1=QPush Button ("Copy")
hbox. (self .btn1)

57
 self . = QTextEdit ()
self . = ( "Paste")
hbox. (self . )
hbox. (self . )
self . . . ( self. )
self . . . ( self pastetext )
self . (hbox )

self .setGeometry (300 , 300 , 300 , 200)

self setWindowTitle( 'Clipboard' )
self .show()

d ef self ):
#clipboard.setText(self.edit1.copy())
self . dit1.copy()
print clipboard . ())
msg=QMes sageBox ()
msg.setText(clipboard .text()+" copied on clipboard")
msg.exec_()
de
f pa stetext (self):
self. setText( clipboard .text())
app = QA pplication (sys. )
clipboard =app clipboard ()
ex = Example()
ex. etWindowTitle (" clipboard Example" )
sys exit(app . ())
The above code produces the following
output −

58
 ■ clipboard Example □ X

Tutorialspoint.com
PyQt5 Tutorial)

Copy

Paste

* python X

PyQt5 Tutorial copied on clipboard

OK

■ clipboard Example □ X

Tutorialspoint.com
PyQt5 Tutorial

Copy

PyQt5 Tutorial

Paste

Chapter - 17 : QPixmap Class

59
QPixmap class provides an off-screen representation of an image. It can be
used as a QPaintDevice object or can be loaded into another widget,
typically a label or button.
Qt API has another similar class QImage, which is optimised for I/O and
other pixel manipulations. Pixmap, on the other hand, is optimised for
showing it on screen. Both formats are interconvertible.
The types of image files that can be read into a QPixmap object are as
follows −

BM Windows Bitmap
P

GIF Graphic Interchange Format

(optional)

JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group

JPE Joint Photographic Experts Group

G

PN Portable Network Graphics

G

PB Portable Bitmap
M

PG Portable Graymap
M

PP Portable Pixmap
M

XB X11 Bitmap
M

XP X11 Pixmap
M

60
Following methods are useful in handling QPixmap object −

Sr.N Methods & Description

o.

1 copy()
Copies pixmap data from a QRect
object

2 fromImage()
Converts QImage object into QPixmap

3 grabWidget()
Creates a pixmap from the given
widget

4 grabWindow()
Create pixmap of data in a window

5 Load()
Loads an image file as pixmap

6 save()
Saves the QPixmap object as a file

7 toImage
Converts a QPixmap to QImage

The most common use of QPixmap is to display images on a label/button.

Example
The following example shows an image displayed on a QLabel by using the
setPixmap() method.
The complete code is as follows −
import sys
from PyQt5 . import *

61
from PyQt5 .QtGui imp ort *
from PyQt5 . import *
def window():
app = QApplication (sy s.argv)
win = QWidget()
l1 = QLabel (
l .setPixmap ( QPixmap ( "python.png" ))
vbox = QVBoxLayout ()
vbox. addWidg et(l1)
win . setLayout(vbox )
win . setWindowTitle ( "QPixmap Demo")
win .show()
sys. t app.
if __name__ == '__main__':
window()
The above code produces the following output −
■ QPixmap Demo □

62
Thank You

63