rss / ronal a\(e) © Code © Issues 1 T1 Pullrequests © Actions ff Projects © Security Let Insights oly a PowerShell Cheatsheet Sr MSs Y 25 leks © Wwatching P Bancres 4 Aatviy © ss © Poste repostony ¥ vane +) ¥ teanch Oot FO @ Gotote ©) Gotosie | Addtie +) cove B sergsin Usene saticd syasaoe © D ReADMEme Ups README a years age » PowerShell PowerShell Cheatsheet PowerShell for beginners ‘This document Se getting updated tine-to-tine, Become a watcher to get updates: PowerSell isa windows command-line shell designed especially for system administrators las bult on top ofthe NET Framework common language runtime (CLR) and the NET Framework So, t accepts and returns NET Framework object PowerShell works in both INTERACTIVE mode and SCRIPT mode. I possesses emdlet (oronounced ‘commande fer doing pre-defined tasks 1. Why Should | Learn Another Language? Tere wont be much gan without any pai, | would recommend leering powershell ecase ofthe advantages that offers Advantages 1 Easein accessing fle systems ‘Abily 10 access other data stores, suchas regis and agit signature ceria stores ‘Open-source and increasing communty base ‘Apart from windows, itis extending support fo Linux from next release ‘+ As PowerShallistghty coupled with NET framework So, NET objects can be used ‘+ Ease in working with all Microsoft products (Office suite Client OS, Server OS, lS, Databases, Visual Studio Suite, ete) ‘Abily 0 conneettoeastng windows administrative functionaiy = wm “+ Microsoft NET framework ‘+ COM (Component Object Model ‘+ ADSI Aative Directory Services Interface) ‘+ Can be used to automate almost any administrative task2. About PowerShell 2:1 PowerShell History Intally, when windows was launched forte fist ime, came with the MS-DOS, Later, in 1981, batch script (CMO) was introduce followed by [VBScript in 1996 and PowerShell in 2006, PowerShell script hove pst as the fle extension. Here, the "Tin “ps1 does refer to the posverShall version: rather refers tothe version ofthe engine, which uns the powerShell 2.2 PowerShell Versions PowerShell 10 “+ Installed but not enabled on windows Vieta and Server 2008 PowerShell 2.0 + stalled by default on Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 ‘+The PowerShell SEs installed by defoult on Windows 7 ‘+ Cane installed on Windows XP and Server 2008 or Higher PowerShell 3.0 «+ Installed by default on Windows 8 and Server 2012 ‘SEs installed by default on Windows 8 and Server 2012 GUI ‘+ Canbe installed on Windows 7 and Server 2008 or Higher ‘+ PowerShell Remoting is enabled by default on Server 2012, ‘There exist some cifferences between these versions, and the atest version of PowerShell is 6.0. The suitable PowerShell version for windows PowerShellVersion Release Date __Default Windows Versions Available Windows Versions PowerShell 19 November 2006 Windows Server 2008 (*) Windows XP SP2 Windows x SP3, Windows Serve 2003 SP1 Windows Server 2008 SP2 Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Vista Windows Vist $2 PowerShell20 October 2008 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 82 (**) Windows XP SPS, Windows Server 2008 SP2 Windows Vista SP1 Windows Vista s2 Windows Server 2008 $P1 Windows Server 2008 SP2 PowerShell30 September 2012 Windows 8 Windows Server 2012 Windows 7 SP1 Windows Server 2008 SP2 Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 PowerShell 40 October 2012 Windows 1 |PowerShell Version Release Date Default Windows Versions ‘Avilable Windows Versions Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows 7 SP1 Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Windows Server 2012 PowerShell 50 February 2016 Windows 10 Windows 8.1 Windows Server 2012 R2 Go to windows menu, and type Windows Powershell (don't choose Windows Powershell ISE ) and open it 2.3 PowerShell Environment To get the PowerShell version installed on the machine, ype PS Cx» ssverstontable Psconpatibleversions 2,8, 3.8) 4.8.04) autleversion 130.0. 10586.67: PstenotingPratacolversion 2.3, Sertalizationversion aed (Observe thatthe esversion which is $.0 inthis case. Toget the Host detail, 95 CH\> Got-nest None consolevost Currentculture en-US Correnturcalture + en-us Drivatepata + Hicrosoft,Pouersnell consolevostsconsoleColorProxy stunspacetushed + False unspace System. Managenent.Autonstion.Runspaces.Lecelunspace senv is a predefined variable in powershell. twill store the complete windows environment information Printing itbarely doesn’t result in any information. PS C213 fenv ps cae ‘The senv variable must be accompanied by the other coresponding variable, 5 c:\> Senv:CowPuTERNAne PS C2\> SenvsuseANaME PS C2\> SenvUSERDNSDORAIN prakach.con 95 c:\> SenvsusenPROFZLE cHusers\uoHay »1S C2\> SenvsALLUSeRSPROFILE :\progeanbate 95 c2\> Senviconspec {\windows\systensa\end. exe PS C21» Senvssomepath \sers\umiay 95 C2\> Senvinoweonrve PS C2\> SenviPrograntsles C\progeam Files NOTE: Ifyou dont know sll the variable part of i after = type tab key toall those variables one-by-one, 2.4 Support for Other Microsoft languages PowerShell used concept called alsases to support commonly used commands in other Micrasoft languages like Batch Script (CMD), VSript, et ‘Commonly used Batch Script CMD} commands such asd cls. are supported in PowerShell PS C21) Chearstost # sate as cls In CHO; clears the seneen o But they doesn’t support those commands extensively. For example, gir will work: butnot dir 0 ‘To explicty run the commands andr scripts of other language in powershel Sconnand = @ e endvene /C dir [4:0 e Tnvoke-Expression -Command:Sconnand But le’ ignore this until we understood ths language syntax and semantics, 2.5 Command Structure in PowerShell PowerSnell possesses light-weight commands, called cmdlets, to do some specific tasks, ‘They usea consistent verb-noun structure where the verb represents the ation and the noun represents the object to operate on. PPowerSnell emelets follow consistent naming pater, ensuring that construction ofa commandis easy ifyou know the object that you want to work with All command categorie take parameters and arguments. parameter starts with a hyphen ands used to contrl the behavior ofthe command, {An arguments data value consumed by the command. Asimple PowerShell command has the flowing syatax ‘comand -pararetert -paraveter? argent, argument2 o Togetthelstof approved verbs , PS c:\> Get-verd e »eat oman ige common oven oman [Taltored the 1st] ‘The Groupings done based on their common use ach Windows PowerShell verb i assigned to one ofthe fllowing groups. ‘+ Connon : Define generic actions that can apply to almost any emelet such as Ade ‘+ conrunteattons : Define actions that apply to communications, such as Connect + bata : Define actions that apply to data handling such as Backup. + otagnostic : Define actions that apaly to diagnostics, such as Debus, ‘+ Lifecycle : Define actions that apply to thelfeycle ofa emt, such as Complete ‘+ secuntty Define actions that apply to security such as Revoke. + other : Define other types of actions ‘Toget thelist of all nouns 9S C2\> Got-Command Noun * e comanatype Mane nodulevane Function Disable-Pstrace Psoingnostics Function Disable-PsuanconbineeTrace Psbiagrosties Function Dusable-Ksmantrace Psoiagnostics Function Enable-estrace Psptagnostics Fonction Fraple-PsuStanconbinedtrace Pspiagrostics Function ‘cet-Dseconfiguration Psbesiredstatecontiguration Function ‘Get-DscLocalContigurattontanager Psbesireastatecontiguration Function ‘cet-bscresource Psvesiresstatecontiguration Function ‘oet-Fslesash ierosof® Powershell Utility Funetion ‘set-tsesrippet se [Tatiored tne list] (Observe that Get-ver® toais amour, Also, theres another command named Get-comnand to get particular set of commands ‘To getall the command in the current user scope in a particular windows machine, PS C219 Got-Command AIL e comaratype Mane Nodutevone alias cat => Ges-content muse a) set-Loeaeion muse clear => Clear-tost niae aby => Clear-tistory nuiae history > Set-tistory »aus sein => csncraiets Function ‘oet-tneSnippet 186 Fanetion Pspisgrostics Function Trvoke-Assorkou Pskorkslowtsisy Function new-Tse5nippet se cnauet Set-tppLockerPolicy optecker crater set-cininstance cincraiets cadet set-sxecutionPolicy icrosoft. Powershell Security caster Sset-obrrigeer Psscheauleadon cnalet set-teolAdninssteativeunit nsonlinetitendes cxatet Start-osccont guration Psvestreestateconttguration crater ieste-everttog icrosoft.Powarshell.Managenent caalet este-tiost Nicrosoft Powershell ULILity [Tattered the 1st] ‘Also, the commands can be retrieved in terms of nave , Verb , Noun, Mocule PowerShell also possesses 2 strong and unique feature called piping , which wecan discuss under the piping section 2.6 Getting Help in PowerShell ‘Once the command to works known using Get-Connand , the Usage and syntax ofthat particular emdetcan be learned using Get-e1p Toget the help for a particular cmt say elear-Host , PS C219 Get-Help Mane elaar-Host e Clear-host [] The Clear-vost function renoves all text from the current splay, including commands and output that aight have Ctaplays the command prompt. You can use the function nane or Sts alias, Cis Clearchast affects only the current atsplay. 1% doce not Session. Sesstor-specitic tens, such 2s variables and functions, are not affected by this function. because the behavior of the ClearcHost function is determines by the host program, Clear-host might work ‘online version: http: //technet nicrosort.con/1tbrary/nna5s2689(sewps.630) 259% Tp se0 the exanples, type: “get-nelp Clear-tost -exanglies For nore information, type: “get-help Clear-ost -dctailee” »For technical inforeation, type: "get-help Clear-Host full” For online help, type: "get-help Clear-Host online” (Observe the 6 fields (nane,, synopsis , syntax, Deseeistion, Related Links , Renarks J These are common for allthe results of get-tele Itusage by exampleis needed, PS C11» Got-Help Mane clear-Host Examples o smorsis Clears the éisplay in the host progran. capseas PS Co\nGet-Process Handles NPMCK) —PRCK) ——_HS(K) VHEM) CPUS) Td Processnane ra 3k aaah 20.22 4009 ears 76 7 aah S68 Sk 8.81028 can 382227602, 45980 910,23. 3056 LogonUr wen 212204325 5.07 Sab Tease 4473 Tenn 84476 201 1,429.67 436 HSHpEne 2X6 Ga78— 40775031582 Mies dod 25M? SSOR 6I4 «1.78848 powershell sel 8 -23e Gaze 70 Gk 3648 rupee, Ps cc\y als ‘his conmane uses the CLS alias of Clear-Host to clear the current sisplay: To update the help (ensure proper internet connect, as it downloads from PowerShell site) PS C21» Update-Help e psc 2.7 Importance of Execution Policy By default the execution Policy is setto’Restricte! is recommended to change't to Restore Signed »Execution Policy Ws importance Resticted ‘Yu can run commands, but yeu can run septs All Signed You can run commands, but you can only un digital signed serps Remote Signee You an rin commands, local septs an only script downloade fom te internat if they ar itl signed nested You an ra command and scrips with or witout cit signatures Bypass Nothing is blacked and tare are no warnings or prompts In windows menu, type windows Powershell , rightclick on itand cick Run as Adninistrator Then type the below command tothe ExecutionPoliey on that machine fr that user. 5 CoA» Got-txacutionPolicy o By default twill give the exection policy associated with the user who executed this command, PS C2\> Got-txacutionPolicy -Scope currentUser e Also, replace the Currantuser inthe above command witha specific username on that machine, to know the execution policy associated with that user, ToCChange the execution policy to say unrestricted, 2S C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPoLicy “unrestricted” -Scope Currentuser e execution Policy Change ‘he execution policy helps protect you from scripts that you ¢o not trust. changing the execution policy might expose hetps//go-nserorotcon/fwlink/?tSnk19~135178. 09 you want s9 change the execution policy? [vi vee [IM] No [8] suspend [?] lelp (default is "¥"): ¥ Ps 3. Working with PowerShell 3.1 Getting Started A itis customary to star with “Hell world" when learning any language, Lets start with it 9S C2\> wedtesiost “Helle Mort!” e Nelle wort! 95 cr\> krstestoet “Hello Morte!” hetle woridi PS C213 “Helle Morte” ‘Observe that the string ‘Hello Worl is printed onthe console in three ways. But single () andl doublet’) quotes won't work exactly same in all cases, we can discuss aboutitin later section, Single-ine comment PS C:\> # Conants begin with 2 # (aka hashtag or pound sen) o ps cs ‘Multiline comment »psc o 95 Connent blocks use angle brackess with comment sian >> They can be multiline esc Regions are notlogical but representational blocks of code. NOTE: Regions have their importance in powershell SE only. They are used to divide the script into logical code blocks. 2S c2\> region o PSC: # Put your code here 95 C:\> endregson ps cnt ‘Tes regions can also be named, 95 :\> tregion The Region Title 4s optional o ps crs 9S C:\> # sone code here ps cy PS C:\> endregion The Region Title 1s optional ps cy ‘Special characters in PowerShell Special ann Meaning . The beginningt or end) of quoted text. Used to represent strings ‘The beginning or end) of quoted text, Used to represent strings, special characters lse tei significance within single quotes * The beginning of comment ‘ The begining of a variable a Reserved for future use 0 Parentheses used fr subexpressions 0 Scriptblock 5 Statement Separator Pipeline seperator Escape Character 2 ‘Alias operator fo: Where-Object * Alla Operator for for-toop All variables start witha. 9S C:\> hi = "Hello Morid” o Printing the value invariable Ps c:\> shi o This isa shortcut to Write-Host »Ps ci\> Keste-tos bello word Variables are objects, and to get their datatype, Ps cre snt.cert st shi ype) saserype Systen. object Gettype0 is one method, applicable on ‘Sh object ‘To display all the members of ths variable (objec) PS cH\> ht | cet Henbertype Clore. ethos copyto Method Endsuith tethod Equals (steing Getérunerator Method Getinehode Method Gettypecode Method radon, indexorany Method normaliz--. astinaeso! method ine normalszat. Paatere ethod paedingcnar) asnight Method padding. feplace ethod split sethod system, stesnaton. substring Vrethos Tobsotesn ethod Tocnarseray Method oonterine method Jooecinal ethod Tooovble ethod systen.ooject Clone(), systen.coject 1Cloneable.clone() int Conpareto(syster.Object value), nt Conparefo(string strb), int boot Contatns(steing valve) void CopyTotint sourcetnaex, chart] destination, int destinationtndex, int bool Endsith(string value), bool Endswith(string value, boot Equals(systen.cbject obj), bool Equals(string value), boot systen.charErunerator Getenunerator(), System, Collections, TEnunerator ne Gatharncoae() type Gettyee() systen.TypeCode GettTypeCode(), Systen.TypeCode KConvertible.GettTypecode() nt IndexoF(chor value), int IndexOF{char value, snt startrncex), 498 nt indexorany(chart] aryOF), int Indexothay(char{] anyor, ant startingex), string Intere(int atartindes, string value) boot TsNarmalized(), bool rsMlormalized(Systen.Text.Noomalizationtorn fant LastindexoF{enar valve), int LastindexoF(char value, int starttndex), Ane Lastindesorany(cnar{] anyof), int Lastindexortnytenar] anyor, tnt string Mormalise(), string Noraalize(Systen. Text Morsalizatsonform string PadLert(int totaliigth), string Padlefe(int totaluieth, char string PadRight(iat totaiNtdth), airing PadRight(int totaluieth, char string Rerave(int startindex, int count), string RenoveCint startindex) string Replace(char olechar, car newchar), string Reglace(string eldvalue, stringl] Split(Psrans char] separator), string[] Split(ehart] separator, boot startswltn(string value), bool startswttn(string value, string Substring(int startindsx), sting Swvetring(int startingex, toe Length) boot Icanversible. ToR0olean(Systen,IFornatrovier provider) byte Iconertibie. Tedyte(syster.IormatProvider provider) char icanvertible.Tochar(Syster.IformatProvider provider) char] Techarseray(), char[] Tacharaeray(int startindex, Let Lengtn) catetine Iconvertible.Tobaterane(systen.ifornatProvider provider) ecinal Icorvertible, TeDecinal(systen, ForeatProvider grevicer) souble IConvertsble.1odouble(Systen.IFornat?rovicer proviger) »rotrtas ethod Antas convertible. Toont26(Systen LFornatProviser proviger) qemrtse othe Int {convertible toint32(systen,tForeatProvider provider) Tomes othe Ione tconversibie-totavea(spsten,trornatproviger proviger) Telos ethed fining ToLover(), string Totower(euitureino culture) Tetowerznvartant Method ining Toloverdmvariane() Tosnyte eth byte. 1eorvertible.Tostyte(systen. 1Forntorovider proviger) Tesingle ethos ‘oat icorertible.esinele(syeten.troreatoroviger provider) Tosering ——tathed fring Testring()y sering Tosteing(systonTrernatrovider provider), string saiype sethod syten.onject Iconvertible.Totype(type comversiontype, Joutreie. method vint16 Iconvertible, Tovtret6(systenIFomattroviaer proviéer) Toutntse Method ints2 Keonertible.Yoviresa(syetentrorateroviger proviger) Touintes tho vintes Iconvertible,Tovtreed(aystenTForattroviger provider) Tupper sethed fining Tedper(), string Tolpper(cuitureino ulture) Teuppertnvartant ethod Hering Topperimvariane() trie ethed Eiving Tein(oarane char{] teincnars), sting Tein) Tinend eth String Tinendfprans chart] trinchars) Teiestart athe ining Teinstart(Parans char{] telachars) cere Dareneterizedpropersy chor tharsCine inde) feet) Length froperty ine vengeh (eet) Using some of those members #5 C29 Sat ToLovert e 5 cs\> Sat Taupe) PS C:\> SmiLength # No (a8 48 46 Property: not nethod a 95 cs\9 Shl-Aeplace( orld", “PowerShel1*) “Types ae mutable Thelr data types cn also be changed o Ps cts nt PS Coy shi. cettype( IsPublic rsserial Wane saserype in Syrten.valuetype PS Co\> ht | cetMender Nore enberType Definition CowpareTo wethoe int Conparero(systen.Object value), tnt CompareTo(int valve), int cowparable.Conpareto(Systen.0bj.- Equals Wathoe bool Equals(systen.0bject obj), bool Equalstint 063), bool Tequatable[ int] -EcualsCint other) GesiashCode Hethod ne Gettoshcade() Gettype Method type GetType() GetTypecade Method Systen. TypeCode GetTypeCade(), Systen.TypeCade IConvertible.GetTypeCode() Toscolean ethos bool TConvertible,Tosoolean(syster.1FornatProvider provider) Tobyte Method syte IConvertible. Tonyte(Systen.ttaraatProvider provicer) ochar ethos nar Tconvertible.ToCnar(systen.2FormatProvider provider) Tebatetine Rethed datetine. Iconvertible. TobateTine(Systen,FarmatPravider provider) Tooecinal Method dacinal IConvertible.Tobecina2(Systen.IFornstProvider provider) Teosuble Methow double TConvertible.Tobauble(Systen-IformatProvider provider) Tomes —_Nethog _int16 TConversible, Toxnt6(systen.IrornatProvider provider) omnes? int Teonvertibie.roints2(Systen.FormatProvider provider) eines ong IConvertibie. Tolatse(systen.tfermatProvider provider) restyte ayte IConversibte, Tostyte(Systen-IformatProvider provider) »Tosingle Methos lost KConvertsble.Tosingle(Systen.1FormatProvider proviser) osering nethog string ToString(), string ToString(string format), string Tostrine(Systen,1Fornaterovicer proviser Totype Method Systen.object Iconvertitle.ToType(type conversionlype, systen.IFormatProvider provider) Toutrtss method int 6 EConvertdble, ToUIntd6(systen.TFornatProvider: provider) yourrt32 Wetho# —int32 Xconvers ible. ToUINe72 (Syston. TForeatProviger provider) Fount Method int6a_ZConvert ible. ToUIntEa(Systen,TForeatProviger provider) Variables can also be strongly-typed. 9S Coy [system tntszlgayint = «2 2S CA» Saysne PS CH» saying GetrType0) BS CoV» Saying = “THSe won't wore” + categorytnto Metadatatrror: (:) (J, AngunentTransfornationkatadatatxception | FullyQunlstiettrrorts + Runtinetxeeptson ‘There are shortcuts for most NET data types. PS c:\> [int] Sayotherint = 42 PS C:\> Sayotnerint.cettType() ePublic IsSerial Mane 95 C:\> [string] Snysteinge*Poversnel? Ps Cx» mystrtng.settype() ‘others include shor float, decimal, single, bool, byt, ete "Not ust variables have types - so do static values 9S C:\> “Powershelt Rocks" Gettypet) republic IsSersal Mane ‘Accessing methods on objects PS C:\> “Powersheli Rocks" ToUpper() psc roerShel Rocks". Contains(“Powershell") For non-stings you need to weap in $0 PS will evaluate as an abject. e saserype systen.valuetyoe e aaserype aasetype Syston. object o baserype o IPS Ci\> (33).GetTypet) e IsPublic IsSerial Wane saserype Logical Operations operator Importance “4 Equalto ne Not equal to a Less Than oe Greater then ae Less than or equal to * Greater then or equal to | 4 | See f value in an aray||-Like| Like wildeard pattern matching] | -NotLike | Not Like | -Match | Matches based on regular expressins| | - [NotMatch | Non-Matcnes based on regular expressions] PS Ci\> Svar = 33 8 95 c:\> Svar ge 38 Ps cx\s Sear Ie 30 95 c:\> $uar -e0 33 Calculations are ike any other language. PS. ci\> fuar = 3 F 11 # Also Uses +, -) and / e es co» ear ‘Supports post unary operators ++ and Ps c:\> fares o ps cots far ‘And pre unary operators as well 95 ci\> ea$var o ps cre fear PS C23 fear = a0 PS C:\> post = svanse PS C:\> wrdtestont Spost, Svar psc »ps c1\> var = 33 PS C219 fore = veuar 9S i\> wrdtertost Sore, Svar Be cautious of Implicit Type Conversions 9s crs "a2" 00 2 2S C23 a2 weg “ae ‘whatever ison the rights converted tothe datatype onthe lft can lead to some odd conversions PS C:\> 42 eq "B42" true because the string on the right fs coverted to an Sat ps cry False. Built in variables PS C219 # aaoleans ( False and trae) 9s cre false False PS coy steve PS c:\> SWILL # rudd type PS CH» wrdcestont Shull ‘Observe that nothings spay; even methods like GetTypot) doesnt work an this object. To getshe current working directory, Ps cA» sd ‘To get the Users Home Directory, PS C219 $home \Urers\praudet Information about a uses scripting environment PS C:\> $host WIL 4s alas for Get-Host nore Mindows Powersnel TSE Host Instancer sei fea3-4255-4095-9299-109¢91864c8? ur ‘system. Managenent.Avtonation. Internal lost. IntemnalhostUserinterface Currentculture en-us Currenturcalture + en-us privatenata bierosoftPouershel Host. 196. 1SEOptions »Debuggerenabled + True unspace + Syston.sanagenentutonstion.unspaces.LocalRunspace psc 9s C:\> $ID Tt results the process 10 Info about the current version of Powershell 2S CoA» ssverstonrabte psversion Dsconpat sbleverstons > lstarstaceverston ae PstenotingProtocolversion 2.3 PS CH) $_ Current Ooject: Used tn Loops to get the iterating object, PS C:\> # Useful, mainly, in Loops and exceptions 2S C2\> Set-Location “C:\pythonz7\Serspts* 1s cr\Pythona\seripts> # set-Location works An the sane way a chair PS Cx\Pythona7\Seripts> Get-Chilerten | where-Object ($_Nane -Like “*.ene") Directory: c:\Python27\scripts tara? 789 ak 1632 weed @hmar17 265 Ak 24 nyson.cnd pactanca? $259 PH 351 wnitert.end Ps cr\Pythona7\scripts> set-location ¢:\ ps cs Using the *-Varable emdlets 95 C1\> # Nona vardable usage PS C2\> Sorel = 33 95 C2\> Srommat PS C21» $text = "In The Horning PS c2\> stext In The Horning PS C19 # Long version of Svant = 33 2S C:\> New-vardable -Nawe vert -Value 33 »Ps crs fant » NOTE: H you try to se New-Variabl and it already est, you get an error. Try again with $var1 already existing 95 C:\> New-variable -Nave vart Value 99 Newevarsable + A variable with nore "vars" already exists + categoryinto Resourcetxtsts: (vart:String) (New-Vardable], Sessionstateexception + Funlygualstiegtrrortd + vardaplealreseyexists,sscrasofe, Powershell Comands.New/srsableconmane 2s C29 fear PS C:\> # Displays the variable and it" value PS C2\> Got-vardabie var -valueonty 9S C:\> Get-vardable var PS C:\> Got-vardable without parans {f shows all variables . Gor-varisbie bow parapomnr_sounce public class ADK OATAPOINT_CLASS ¢ ane oO dre_easte arate st name, applicationNane, backencvane, conponents.-.} ‘ATC00_NOT_PVBLISH_ATTRIB_LIST (nave, applicationvane, backenaVane, components...) ‘ngsLAPA_XMT_FILE \befaulevalues. x0] ‘nas_otobAL Van FILE \aksclopalvarsaples. pst ote systen. Windows Forms button, Text CuoReSTATION_JAR_ PATH \cluerkatation sar conrts cLass_S0unce pubite lass COWFTG.CLASS ( conftrapreference wan (ALAR, SOURCE public clase CH ALARH_CLASS ( ceMeraze_ source public clase CKMETRIE CLASS { Debugprererence Silentlycontinue 2_ELASS_ SOURCE pubic class C2 CLAss (. error (A vartable with'nsne "wari" sleeady extsts., A variable with mane "var" alreaey Executioncontext system. Managenant.Avtonation, Enginezntrdnsics fase False foreach owe \Users\praudot ors system. Managenont.Autonation. Internal Host ntemalost : 2 input system. Coldections.ArrayListsArrayListenureratorsinale nachos (o) Raxinuntlsascount 1996 naxinunprsvecourt 4998 »axinuarunctioncount naxtnunisstoryCount axinumarsaplecount yTavocation syothenint systring utputenceding Playlisturt provile stoundaranesers psculture stent Iserver Psseriptteat Pssessiondpolicationtane Dsseresoncontigurat ontane ssessionoytion psunsupportedconsotespplica psversionTable spetita inasttPrererence ‘system. managenent.Avtonation. Tnvocationtnfo Powershell system. Text. s8cScodePagatncoding eto: / umn. youtube. con :\Users\prauden\Docunents\incousPowershell Microsoft PowershelLISE_pro¢4epet oO oO :\Windows\systens2 \indowsPowershel\v1.8 Hicrouoft, Powershell. Host. 156 ObjectModel Root hta:/schonas.nicrosort.con/povershell /Microsoft Powershell System. Managenont.Actonation.Renoting.PSSerssonoption {orte, wntevene, end, end-enes.-} (Psversion, PsConpatibleversions, BuildVersion, Claversion icrosofs-Powerstel Gt calisite.larget(Closure , calisite , object ) system. _Condbject In The Morning (eCinnerTexte9:53; uRLanttp://i. youtube con/watch?ve6VKATIGURER} {@(LonerText=5:08; URL=htts:/ mu youtube,con/wateh?v=cpLURNej9XQ}, @{EnnerText continue False Assigning a new value toan existing variable Method 1 PS C2\y Suan = "In the Horning e ‘Method 2: PS C2\> Set-Vardable -Nawe vant -Value “In the Horning! e Ps c:\> Svar PS C2\> Set-Vardable -Nane var89 Value “In the Morning’ ‘Observe that set-variable works on objects that arent created yet To dear the contents ofa variable, »PS C:\> Clear-variable -Nane vari ¥ Sane a5 $vart Ps cx» fant ese Tosetthe variable to null object, Ps c:\> Sart -e9 Snull ven though the object contains ull it sil exists. PS C29 Got-vardabie var nove. vale 4. Working with Strings String Quoting PS Coy “Inks ts a sted 2S CH\> “Tnis 45 2 steing toot nis 1s a string too! Mixed quoted 9 c:\> ‘2 Just wanted to s8y “Welle World", 04? 1 just wanted to say “Hello world", 0K? PS C:\> “T can't belSeve how cool Powershel] Ss!" You can also double quote to get quotes in sings 95 C:\> “T sust wanted to say “*Helle Worte”*, of” 1 just wanted to say "ello world, 0X? PS C2\y “d ean'"e believe how cool Powershell is! 1 ean't believe how cool Posershell Ast Escape Sequences - use the bacitck” backspace ‘b (does not work in SE only the regular script window) PS C2\> “Power” bshetl” 95 c:\> "Power" nshet” Srett carriage return (doesn't really show anything) S S »95 C:\> "Power" rshetl” o Shell cite 5 C:\> Power’ r° nse” e tabs 95 C:\> “Power sshell” e Power shell Replaceis cave-renstve PS C2\> “Holle worid’ Replace(o", “1°) e Replace is case-nsentve PS C:\> “Welle wordd’ -Replace ‘o', ‘1! e heuis varia But werneed tobe careful when working with special characters. 5 C2\> “Hols world. ".Replaee(".*, *2°) 4 Replaces only the dot(.) character e ete world PS C:\> “Melle wortd.* Replace *.', *2 ‘Replaced the complete string. Assumes *." as regex ps ci PS C:\> “Holle world.” -eplace [Regex] ::Esc3pe(" PS C:\> “Melle wordd.* -eplace “\.t) *2 ‘Regex characters con also be escaped with *\ Netie woruds 75 C:\> “Hello worid\’ Replace “\\', ‘1 4°\" enaracter wil oe escaped wisn another hetle world ere Steings are used when working with arge blocks of text, PS C21» heretexe = 8° e a) 2S C2\> Sheretent Ppt nore ‘The @ and quote must be last on starting line then first on ending ing, also works with single quotes. 95 C:\> Saoreneretent >> Here we go again 5 another line here 35" net's indent this »>> a blank Line above ner) "Note how the nested "is handled OK no double quating needed PS CX» Sareners Nere we go again ‘another Line nere let's sndent thie ‘To understand the importance of here strings, lets work with a mulipleline string, Without here stings PS CHA» fegl = "SELECT colt” dsb WHERE cold = "a valve’ psc Ps co» $sqt With here strings Ps c:\> $sql = @ b> seLeer colt oy col De ps cr» fra Rom sonerable WERE coll = ‘2 value’ String Interpolation 2S C:\> Set-Location C:\eythonz7\Sentpts\ ‘hee the output of Get-Chileltem, which isan object and gets that objects count propery. 95 ci\pythona7\seripts> sitens = (et-chilerten) Count Ps CH\python27\Seripte> Sitens “ke the output of Get-Location and store tin a variable 2S cs\Python27\sertpts> Sloe = Get-Location 95 c:\pythona7\seripts> Soe python? \Sertpts Use these variables ina string »Ps c:\Pythona7\scripts> “There are Sitens Stens are in the foleer $106." ‘there ane 287 trons are in the folder €:\pythona7\serspte To actually cisplay the variable escape it with a bactick, 1s ci\pythona7\seripts> “There are “Sitens stems ane tn the foleer “Sloe There are $item ftens are in the folder Sloe String interpolation only works with double quotes 95 c:\Pythona7\Sceipts> “There are Sitens Stens are in the folser floc ‘ere ane $itens iene are in the folder $loe Siting Interpolation works with here strings Ps c:\python27\seripts> shereinterpolation 9 Ttene tolaer >> Stems teste a P5 c:\Python27\scripts> shereinterpolation Enpythonan\serdpts Ps c:\python27\seripts> shereinterpolation > Stems’ e'esiee 95 cr\Pythona7\seripts> 9S CA\Python27\Seripts> Shereinterpolation Sitens't t$loc ‘Observe that it ich’ work for here strings defined with single quotes, expressions used within sings, need to be wrapped in $0. 95 cr\Pythona7\scripts> “There are $((Get-Childtten).count) itens are in the Folder (Get-Location).” ‘inere ave 287 itens are in the folder C:\Pythona7\Serspts. 2S C:\Python27\Serspts> “Tosay $s $(Get-Dete). Be well.” Today $5 05/03/2037 12:49:17. be well bs cr\pythona7\seripts> "the 5K tip of 9 39.33 dolar bil 4s £(33.33 * 6.5) dollars* ‘he 85% tip 9f 9.33.33 dollar sll 19 4.9995 dollars String Formatting -C# lke syntax supported In C# you'd use: 2S Co\python27\seripts> [string]::Farmat (“There are (8) stens.", $itens) Powershell shorteut Ps c:\Pythona7\serdpts> "There are {8} iene.” -# $itens ‘inere ae 287 ivens. PS cs\Pythona7\serspts> “There are {@} Lens in the Location {1}.° -# Sites, flee »‘are ave 207 itens in the Location c:\Python27\seripts. Ps c:\pythona7\seripts> "there are {@) itens in the Tocation (1). How, (8) 45 2 lot of Stans! -F fitens, Sloe There are 287 Lens in the Location C:\python2/\Serspts. wow, 287 is 4 lot of Stems! Pre-defined formats N= Numbers +c -Currency +P -Percentage 2 X-Hox + D-Decimal (0 {@:N0} formattou -# 12345676.229 o 95 c:\> “Wl {82N2} formatteu” -F 12345678.2129, 112,345,578. fonmatted 95 ci\> "ha {ND} formattes” -f 12345678.129 95 C:\> "No {82ND} formatted” -# 123.139 Ne 123 fornatces PS C2\> “RO {@,8:NO) formatted” - 129.238 Ne 123 fornattea c= cumrency 2S C2\> “C0 {8:C0} formattea” -# 12345678.1236 e ce $22,345,678 formatted PS c:\> “Ch {8xCs) formatted” -# 12345678.1234 1 $22, 345,678.1 formatted PS C2\3 “C2 {@:C2) formatted” -F 12345678.2236 2 $22,365 678.22 formatted P = percentage 2S c:\> “Po {8:P0} formactea” -# 0.1236 o be 12 & formactes Ps Cx\s "2 {(@:P2) formattea” -f 0.1236 9212.34 € formatted ose ime o 95 co\> "HO ex{0:X0) fornatted” -* extD2 xe oxtb2 formate PS c2\> “00 (9:00) formattes” -¢ 12048678 e 9S C:\> “D8 {0:08} formateeg” —-# 123 Ps C2\> "0a (8:08) formattea” = 129 be 123 fornatees PS C2\> “00 (08:00) formatted” -# 123 »"Note, decimal only supports ints This causes an error: PS c2\> “00 {2:08} formatees” Error formatting 2 sting ‘+ "90 (0:08) formatted” + Cateporyinto 1 Funtyguatifiedtrrorts Custom formatting PS Cry Sites = 286 PS cH\> “There are (: 95 c:\> “Custom 8, 25, Custon 0, 25. $484 PS c:\> “Custon’8, 25 custon 0, 25 $4, 940.0000 = PS C21» “Custom 8, 25 $8,H0. 0000 ‘0,80, 0600 Se, HF9, 0060 seam aan e (00 (0:00) formatted:string) [], Rantinetxcep 80} Lens.” -# $itens = (0,25:8 04 5 123,456,789.0128 = (0,25:$ 8,440.0 5 123,456, 788. = {0,25°8 epene.e0) ~ + ¢ s2seras.cr2 Ps Cr» “Custon 8, 10 etme = {9,t0:R, 880K) custon 0, 10 #,890% De PS cot» "Custom 8, 20 #,488,008 = (0, 20:9, 990.008) * = esc Date Sting Formatting = MM Month = mm=minute Custom date formating. Note MM is Month, mm is minute Ny “Today ts (O:M/d/yyyy>. Be well.” Today 4s 5-3-2017. be well -# S(cot-vate) Today ss 3/33/2038 PS C2\> “Today $5 (6 20:¥/40/y999). Be wend.” -# S{cot-batey 4 Toaay $5 03/23/2026. be welt 95 c:\> “Today is (6,28:yyyyAmEe). 8 Well.” 2o4n313. Be well. Today is 20170503. se well + s(6er-0ate) 4 Today 1s PS C2\> “Today $5 (0,20:4/ee/yy9y rsnaes). Be well” Today 4s 05-23-2017 63:51:58. be well —————————— » ~# S(s0t-vatey Today ss 03/33/2014 22:21:29. ge Other formatting Caleulations can be passed in as the item tobe formatted PS C2\> “The 20% tip of 2 33.33 dollar BLE Ss {9} dollars” -F (23.33 + 6.28) The 20% tip of 2 33.98 dotiar ot ‘he 20% tip of 2 23.53 dollar E11 4s 6.666 dollars £053.33 PS C:\> "The 205 tip of 2 33,33 dollar bill as (8. 20) # the 20% tip of 2 33.33 collar il The 20% tip of 9 93.33 dolar bill 4s 6.67 dollars ——_———EEEEEEEE » ) dodiars* String operator ike “+ Teworks using Wildcards »PS C:\> “Powershell” -1ike “Powers psc PS C:\> “Powershell” -1ike “7overshell” fF question marks work for single characters PS C:\> "Powershell" -2ike "Power*{s-v]" # ends in a char between s and ¥ PS C:\> “Powershell” -Like “Povers(a-c]” # ends tn 2 char between 2 and c False String operator -match ‘+ Itworks using Regular Expressions psa -308-2240" -naten “[ 3)(a}-10 91a" ps cx\s “772-268 snatch “1 9}(3}-(6 oy" psc False snaten “[0-8}{3}-[0-9]{3}-[0-9] 4)" 5. Working with Arrays 5.41 Simple Arrays Creating Arrays) PS C:\> Sareay = “Marendra™, “Bhanubali” 95 c:\> Sarnay fanshubals 9s c:\> sarrayie) Ps c:\> Sarraylt] PS CH\> Sorray.Getrypet) epublic IsSertst Hane aaserype True True Object) Systen.Array ‘(Cree Updating Arrays) 95 co\> sareay farzck > facrayle) = 95 c:\> Sareay(t) = “shell” PS Cy Sarna ISent Formal Array Creation Syntax 5 C:\> Sareay = @("Power", “shelI") 95 C219 Sareay Spell Conky way to create an empty stray 2 c:\> array = a0) PS C:\» Sareay.count PS c:\> array + ssertray" PS C19 Sareay 42 “Snover” 95 cH\> S2rvay.count PS Cy Sarna, settrey PS CH» fareay = 3.5. Can lose arrays using nunerse range notation 95 C210 Sareay ps cis DS CHAD # Check to S00 4f an Sten exists 2S C:\> Smunvers = 2, 42, 286 25 C:\> Sounvers contains 42 PS C21» Snunvers -notcontsine 99 95 C:\> Snunvers -noteontains «2 False. 52 Array of Arrays Load four individual arrays PS Gy sees Ps coy $02 6.20 Ps Cie $= Mas PS cy $a = 16..20 facazges earn) 9S CH\> writesnost “$a = $a 'n'$ = $b nS = $e nS = $e ses un was mas I$4 - 16 17 a8 19 20 Now create an array from the four inciviual ones PS C:\> farvay = 4a, Shy Se, $8 > Sarray Array wl ow ook lke CeORCROROEC) now [0] 2 23 & now [3] 6 7 8 9 fow [2] 1112 a3 16 few DB] 16 17 38 19 2 Reference the second item in the second array (remember arrays are 0 based) PS C:\> Sarray[t][2] # zero bases array, g0 to 2nd row, 3rd teen ‘Toke the contents ofthe aray and join them into single string, Ps c:\> $2rrayle) ~Join * * vases PS C213 Sareayi2] ~Join” 5 c:\> Sarray(3) ~Join * * ae 17 3829-28 2 cs\> Sarraylt] {2} Ps c:\> $array(3)(3] 6. Hash tables > $hash = 6CCKey bowershell™ “yettrey snover PowerSnell con" “PowerShell Inventor") S »Ps cx» has Powershell Jeffrey snover By default, the hashes doesnt store the keys inthe order of assignment. If we need to retain the asigned order, vate PowerShell.com value PowerShell tnventor 9 C1\> haan = [onderedO("Key™ = value": o> “Powershell” = “Powershell con”; > sJettrey snover = "Powershell Inverter") 5 c2\> hasnt key setfrey snover valve PowerShell inventor Values from hash key canbe retrieved in two ways 25 c:\> $hasht"Powershel1") 2S C2\> hash. "Jerrey snow Powershell Inventor You can use variables as keys PS Cy Sayeey = “Powerset 25 C2\> hash. sayhey Powershell.com PS co\> hash. s¢Smykey) # Get 2 single value fron the key 1 Get single value using object syntax evaluating 3s an expression 95 C:\> $hash.S¢°Power” + "Shell”) Powershell .cow [Adding and removing values PS C2\> hash Powershell Jeftrey snover 95 C:\> $hasn("aws"} = "Aa Ps cr» has Powershell effrey snover valve Powershell com eb Services™ # AUG value using new Key show the agestionsl row PowerShell com snazon Web Services »PS C:\> Shash.tenove( “Jer rey snover") 1 tenove by passing tn key PS C219 hash none value key value Seeit key exists False Seeit value exists 5 C:\> shash.ContatneValue(“PowerShell Enventor") # Mot there since it was renoved alse Listkeys and values PS CAs fhash.ceye PS C21» shash.values Powershell eon vale Findif key or values present PS Cx» Shasn.xeys -contains “Powershell” > Shash.values -contatns “PowerShelt.con”™ 7. Conditional Statements and Loops TAiffelse condition Ps cts fear = 2 4¢ (Svar eq 1) #64 sure to use -eq instead of = ‘ "2 branen™ ) ase ‘ > smash. containe( ams") + should ne there > Sash. Contains ("Jeffrey Snover") Gone since we Just removed st > shasn.containsvalue(“Pouersnellcon") # Will be there ») ‘se branch 72 else 9s cop far = 2 6 (Svar -2q 1) ‘ “1 seq 1 brane” > elseif (Svar -e0 2) ‘ elsert eq 2 branch > < else branch” ) 173 Switch case 95 C:\> # switch statement for multiple conditions svar 2 fF wlso cose with 43 ane 49 seiteh (Svar) ‘ a (Forty one"? 42 ("Forty Two") 43 ("Forty Three") default ("aefaule”) > Forty Two PS C:\> # MALL match all Lines that match bs C110 far = a2 switch ($4ar) ‘ 42 (Footy TH"? san Crorty Tne string”) Gefault ("aefault") > Forty Two steing Note that ype coercion will ause both 2 lines tohave a match. ‘Tostop processing once a block s found use break Ps c:\> fear = a2 snitch (Sear) ‘ 42 (*ronty Two"; break) sant (Chorey Ive String”; break) default ("aefauie) > Note, it you want to put multiple commands ona single ine, use ato seporate them ‘Switch works with collections, loping and executing fer each match PS c2\> suiten (2,5,2,42) ‘ 1 Cone") 2 CTW") 2 Che S »efaunt ("THe default ansver”) > ‘he cetault answer String compares ate case insensitive by default Ps cats muster ¢ 4 “pouershelI” ("Lowercase") “POWERSHELL” ("uppercase") ponershell” ("nbeedease”) ) uppercase rixeccase lershel3") Use the -casesenstive switch to make itso ‘ “powershel1" ("Lowercase") "POWERSHELL" {"uppercase”} powershell” (°nteedcase") > nixeccase > switch -casesensivive ("Powershell") Supports wildeardés PS Ci\> susten -wdcard ("Pluralsient”) ‘ splurate™ (0°) churatstane” C27) sphuratsi72" C2?) > mm [Note that will also support regex matches. 74 While Loop. 95 cr\> # unite sina vite (84 -te 5) ‘ vee siesiea ) sina sie? sie sis gies PS C:\> # Maile won't execute if condition 3s already true see vette ($4 -1e 5) »tee seated 175 do-While PS C2\s # dowwntle sist ‘ wats se sus 2) whtte(si Te 5) rs soe sis sina ses Do wil always execute atleast once see era see ) white($i “te 5) site Use until to make the check more positive sien ‘ ate sie ) untiness -ae 5) song sin? sie sisa gies 76 for loop Ps cas for OF ‘ wae ese $6 Te 5: $400) [Note the intiaizer can beset seperately osc $e? for (5 $6 “le 8; $t00) ‘ ose ese > Ise 5 st st erating over a collection 1 by 1 95 c:\> Sarvay = 22,12,13,18,35 Simple Array for (S800; $1 -18 Saeray. Lengths $ie4) ‘ sanray( ss > Sarray(a}=11 Sarraytx}-12 sarray(2}-13 Sarray{3}-16 Sarray(e}-15 + sarrayist] 77 foreach foreach works on acolection 95 C:\> Sarray = 12,12,13,18,35 Staple Array oreach ($iter in serray) ‘ wSiten = sitent > sisen = 22 siten = 12 Sisen = 23 Siten = 26 sien = 15, Ps ci\> “reaes a4)" ps Col> "amas (on)* 95 C29 "360=s(108)* ps cr\> "aTaes(aT8) 18-2099511627776 2s cs\> “199-5(398)" PS c:\> foreach(si in @C'2K8', "2M", "166", "118", Dyweite Host 51 =808)") foreach works with an array of objects ‘ St0.tone > Scripts fl > foreach ($file An Ger-Childisen -Path °e:\Python7") Isoos License et pythonw.o¥e Use break to get out ofthe loop 2 c:\» foreach ($FE2e In Get-childtten path "e:\Python2?") 4 £6 (Seste.nane -26ke “*exe") ‘ seston break # exits the loop on first nit > > Use continue to skip the rest ofa loop but go onto the next iteration PS Ci\> foreach (SFL2e An Get-childzten -Path "Cs\Python27") ‘ 4F ($FSle.nane -26ke "*.exe") ‘ continue # exits the loop on first het ? "This Sone a executante Fite: $4te > nis dan't a executable Fle: oe This Len°t a executable fie: ote This fen°t 3 executable file: Sneluge nts tan't a executable file: Scripts nis fan't 3 executable file: snare nis isn't 3 executable fle: HEWS.Oxt python.exe This tent a executable Fe: READHE. xt \axpopen exe ‘When used in nested loop, break exits to the outer loop P5 c:\> foreach (foutsise tn 2.3) Soutsidena Sinside = 4 Soutside-2, Sinsige » 4 Sinsice = 4 Use oop labels to break toa certain loop S S Ipsc ‘ ~ souresde-sovtssce” foreach (Sinsiae én 4.6) 4 * “sinsige = sinsige” break outsigeloep ? > Soursidena Sinside = 4 yatstdeloop foreach (Soutsige tn 2..3) Using continue inside an inner loop foreach (Soutsige tn 1.43) foreach (Sinside én 4.6) ‘ + Sinstue = ginstse “this will never execute as continue goes back fo start of inner for Loop 4 note, seeaure me continue to the inside Toop, the a90ve Line 4 ws1l never run but 48 will go thru all Sterations of the inner esp > > Soureicena Sinsige = 4 ‘insiae = 5 inside = 6 Seutsiden2 Sinsige = 4 Sinsige = 5 Sinise = 6 Soutside Sinsige = 4 sinsice = 6 PS C2\> souestdeloop foreach (Soutside Am 2.3) 4 " soutsidessoutsiae foreach (Sinsise in 4.6) ‘ +“ $instae = Sinaia’ “ibis will never execute as continue goes back fo start of toner for Loop here, vecouse we break all the may to the outer Joop the Last two 4 tterations (5 and 6) never run > > Soureidera Sinsice = 4 Soutside-2 Sinsige = 4 Soutsia Sinsige = 4 7.8 Script Blocks [basic script block is code inside 0. The for (as well as other loops) execute a serpt block 95 C29 for (SF = OF $# Le 5: $444) ‘ see se ? S Isree seen seo? seo seoa SF = SPS c:\> for (56 ‘ ae ee > 0 $6 le 5) $408) see are se are st are A scrip block can exist on is oven. NOTE: To put multiple commands ona single line use the PS C2\> (Clear-Host: “Pomershenl is cool“) Executing only shows the contents ofthe block doesn't execute ‘To actualy rum it use an ampersand & infront 25 C:\> A(Clear-Host; “Powershell 1s co0t.-) You can store srt blocks inside a variable PS C:\> Scool = (Cear-Host; “Powersnell 1s c001.") ust entering the variable though only shows the contents, doesn run PS Cx\sClear-tost; “Powershell $e exo1.” PS C2\> & $eool a Te actually run it, use the & character Powershell is cool. Since scripts canbe put ina variable, you can do intersting things. PS C:\> $co0] ~ (Powershell 4s cool"; * S045 Seffrey srover") for ($ie0;$4 It 35 $488) ‘ scoot: > Powershell 45 cool. So ts jeffrey srover fo is Jeffrey snover So 1s jeférey srover 8. Functions PS Cy swe ¢ Hete wore” > S »