Python Data Types
Python Data Types
There are different types of data types in Python. Some built-in Python data types are:
Numeric data types: int, float, complex
String data types: str
Sequence types: list, tuple, range
Binary types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview
Mapping data type: dict
Boolean type: bool
Set data types: set, frozenset
1. Python Numeric Data Type
Python numeric data type is used to hold numeric values like;
1. int - holds signed integers of non-limited length.
2. long- holds long integers(exists in Python 2.x, deprecated in Python 3.x).
3. float- holds floating precision numbers and it’s accurate up to 15 decimal places.
4. complex- holds complex numbers.
In Python, we need not declare a datatype while declaring a variable like C or C++. We can simply
just assign values in a variable. But if we want to see what type of numerical value is it holding
right now, we can use type(), like this:
#create a variable with integer value.
a=100
print("The type of variable having value", a, " is ", type(a))
#create a variable with float value.
b=10.2345
print("The type of variable having value", b, " is ", type(b))
#create a variable with complex value.
c=100+3j
print("The type of variable having value", c, " is ", type(c))
2. Python String Data Type
The string is a sequence of characters. Python supports Unicode characters. Generally, strings are
represented by either single or double-quotes.
a = "string in a double quote"
b= 'string in a single quote'
print(a)
print(b)
# using ',' to concatenate the two or several strings
print(a,"concatenated with",b)
#using '+' to concate the two or several strings
print(a+" concated with "+b)
3. Python List Data Type
The list is a versatile data type exclusive in Python. In a sense, it is the same as the array in C/C++.
But the interesting thing about the list in Python is it can simultaneously hold different types of
data. Formally list is an ordered sequence of some data written using square brackets([]) and
commas(,).
#list of having only integers
a= [1,2,3,4,5,6]
print(a)
#list of having only strings
b=["hello","john","reese"]
print(b)
#list of having both integers and strings
c= ["hey","you",1,2,3,"go"]
print(c)
#index are 0 based. this will print a single character
print(c[1]) #this will print "you" in list c
4. Python Tuple
The tuple is another data type which is a sequence of data similar to a list. But it is immutable. That
means data in a tuple is write-protected. Data in a tuple is written using parenthesis and commas.
#tuple having only integer type of data.
a=(1,2,3,4)
print(a) #prints the whole tuple
#tuple having multiple type of data.
b=("hello", 1,2,3,"go")
print(b) #prints the whole tuple
#index of tuples are also 0 based.
print(b[4]) #this prints a single element in a tuple, in this case "go"
5. Python Dictionary
Python Dictionary is an unordered sequence of data of key-value pair form. It is similar to the hash
table type. Dictionaries are written within curly braces in the form key:value. It is very useful to
retrieve data in an optimized way among a large amount of data.
#a sample dictionary variable
a = {1:"first name",2:"last name", "age":33}
#print value having key=1
print(a[1])
#print value having key=2
print(a[2])
#print value having key="age"
print(a["age"])
frozenset()
iterable (Optional) - the iterable which contains elements to initialize the frozenset with.
Iterable can be set, dictionary, tuple, etc.
The frozenset() function returns an immutable frozenset initialized with elements from the
given iterable.
vowels = ('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u')
fSet = frozenset(vowels)
print('The frozen set is:', fSet)
print('The empty frozen set is:', frozenset())
fSet.add('v')
(2)
# random dictionary
person = {"name": "John", "age": 23, "sex": "male"}
fSet = frozenset(person)
print('The frozen set is:', fSet)
(3) operations
# Frozensets
# initialize A and B
A = frozenset([1, 2, 3, 4])
B = frozenset([3, 4, 5, 6])
# copying a frozenset
C = A.copy() # Output: frozenset({1, 2, 3, 4})
print(C)
# union
print(A.union(B)) # Output: frozenset({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6})
# intersection
print(A.intersection(B)) # Output: frozenset({3, 4})
# difference
print(A.difference(B)) # Output: frozenset({1, 2})
# symmetric_difference
print(A.symmetric_difference(B)) # Output: frozenset({1, 2, 5, 6})
(4) set methods
# Frozensets
# initialize A, B and C
A = frozenset([1, 2, 3, 4])
B = frozenset([3, 4, 5, 6])
C = frozenset([5, 6])
# isdisjoint() method
print(A.isdisjoint(C)) # Output: True
# issubset() method
print(C.issubset(B)) # Output: True
# issuperset() method
print(B.issuperset(C)) # Output: True
