Git Version Control Explained
What is Git?
Git is a distributed version control system that helps developers track changes in
source code during software development. It enables collaboration, maintains a history
of modifications, and allows you to revert or branch your code easily.
Key Concepts
Repository: A directory containing your project files and the entire history of
changes.
Commit: A snapshot of changes made to the files in the repository.
Branch: A parallel version of your project, allowing for independent
development.
Merge: Combining changes from different branches.
Clone: Making a copy of a repository to your local machine.
Remote: A version of your repository hosted on services like GitHub, GitLab, or
Bitbucket.
Common Git Commands
git init
Initialize a new Git repository.
git clone <url>
Copy a remote repository to your local machine.
git status
Check the current state of your repository.
git add <file>
Stage changes for the next commit.
git commit -m "message"
Save a snapshot of changes with a message.
git push
Upload your changes to a remote repository.
git pull
Download changes from a remote repository.
git branch
List, create, or delete branches.
git merge <branch>
Merge changes from another branch.
Example Workflow
1. Clone a repository:
git clone https://github.com/user/project.git
2. Create a new branch:
git checkout -b new-feature
3. Make changes and commit:
git add .
git commit -m "Add new feature"
4. Push changes to remote:
git push origin new-feature
5. Merge branch (on GitHub or using git merge ):
git checkout main
git merge new-feature
Benefits of Using Git
Tracks every change and who made it.
Supports collaboration among multiple developers.
Enables branching and merging for parallel development.
Prevents loss of code and helps resolve conflicts.
Summary
Git is essential for modern software development, providing powerful tools for
tracking, collaborating, and managing code changes efficiently.
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