C prgrogrammming -
QB module 2
1(a) C Program to Count the Number of Occurrences of a Given Number in
an Array
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, num, count = 0;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("Enter the number to count its occurrences: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(arr[i] == num) {
count++;
}
}
printf("The number %d occurs %d time(s) in the array.\n", num, count);
return 0;
}
1(b) C Program to Display All Elements from Odd Index Positions
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("Elements at odd index positions are:\n");
for(i = 1; i < n; i += 2) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
2(a) C Program to Display All the Even Numbers from an Array
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("Even numbers in the array are:\n");
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(arr[i] % 2 == 0) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
2(b) C Program to Count and Display All the Odd Numbers in an Array
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, count = 0;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("Odd numbers in the array are:\n");
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(arr[i] % 2 != 0) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
count++;
}
}
printf("\nTotal number of odd elements = %d\n", count);
return 0;
}
3. Write a C program to calculate the average of n numbers stored in an
array
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i;
float sum = 0.0, average;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
float arr[n];
printf("Enter %d numbers:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%f", &arr[i]);
sum += arr[i];
}
average = sum / n;
printf("The average of the entered numbers is: %.2f\n", average);
return 0;
}
4. What is an array? Illustrate using an example how a single-dimensional
array is initialized. (3 Marks)
Definition:
An array is a collection of elements of the same data type stored at contiguous
memory locations. It allows storing multiple values under a single variable name
using indexing.
Syntax (Declaration & Initialization):
int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
In the above example:
● numbers is a single-dimensional array of size 5.
● It stores 5 integers: 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50.
● Indexing starts from 0. So, numbers[0] = 10, numbers[1] = 20, etc.
5. Write a C program to find average marks obtained by a class of 50 students
in a test using array. (3 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int marks[50], i;
float sum = 0.0, average;
printf("Enter marks of 50 students:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
scanf("%d", &marks[i]);
sum += marks[i];
}
average = sum / 50;
printf("Average marks of the class: %.2f\n", average);
return 0;
}
6. What are the different ways of declaring and initializing a
single-dimensional array? (3 Marks)
➤ Declaration Only:
int arr[5]; // Declares an array of 5 integers
➤ Declaration with Initialization:
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Size is mentioned
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Size is automatically determined
➤ Partial Initialization:
int arr[5] = {1, 2}; // Remaining elements will be initialized to 0
7. Explain Linear Search with an Example (9 Marks)
✅ Definition:
Linear search (also known as sequential search) is a simple searching algorithm. It
checks each element of the array one by one until the desired element is found or
the array ends.
✅ Steps:
1. Start from the first element.
2. Compare the target value with each element.
3. If a match is found, return the index.
4. If the end of the array is reached without a match, return -1 (not found).
✅ Example Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int key = 30, i, found = 0;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if(arr[i] == key) {
printf("Element %d found at index %d.\n", key, i);
found = 1;
break;
if(!found) {
printf("Element %d not found in the array.\n", key);
return 0;
8. C Program to Sort an Array and Display Largest, Second Largest, and
Smallest Elements (9 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, j, temp;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
// Sorting in ascending order
for(i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for(j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if(arr[i] > arr[j]) {
temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
printf("Sorted array: ");
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
printf("\nSmallest element: %d", arr[0]);
printf("\nSecond largest element: %d", arr[n - 2]);
printf("\nLargest element: %d\n", arr[n - 1]);
return 0;
9. C Program to Sort an Array Using Bubble Sort (9 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, j, temp;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
// Bubble Sort
for(i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
if(arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
// Swap
temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
printf("Sorted array in ascending order:\n");
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
10. Write a C program to perform linear search on an array of numbers.
11. Explain the Concept of Bubble Sort with an Example (3 Marks)
✅ Definition:
Bubble Sort is a simple comparison-based sorting algorithm. It works by
repeatedly swapping adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order. This
process is repeated until the array is sorted.
✅ How It Works (Step-by-Step):
Suppose we have the array:
[5, 3, 8, 4, 2]
Pass 1:
● Compare 5 and 3 → swap → [3, 5, 8, 4, 2]
● Compare 5 and 8 → no swap
● Compare 8 and 4 → swap → [3, 5, 4, 8, 2]
● Compare 8 and 2 → swap → [3, 5, 4, 2, 8]
Pass 2:
● Compare 3 and 5 → no swap
● Compare 5 and 4 → swap → [3, 4, 5, 2, 8]
● Compare 5 and 2 → swap → [3, 4, 2, 5, 8]
● Compare 5 and 8 → no swap
✅
Continue this process until the array becomes fully sorted:
Final Sorted Array: [2, 3, 4, 5, 8]
12. C Program to Find the Largest Element in an Array (3 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, largest;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
largest = arr[0]; // Assume first element is largest
for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if(arr[i] > largest) {
largest = arr[i];
}
}
printf("The largest element in the array is: %d\n", largest);
return 0;
}
13. C Program to Take a Matrix as Input and Print the Sum of Each Row and
Each Column (9 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int rows, cols, i, j;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);
int matrix[rows][cols];
printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
// Sum of each row
for(i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
int rowSum = 0;
for(j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
rowSum += matrix[i][j];
}
printf("Sum of row %d = %d\n", i + 1, rowSum);
}
// Sum of each column
for(j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
int colSum = 0;
for(i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
colSum += matrix[i][j];
}
printf("Sum of column %d = %d\n", j + 1, colSum);
}
return 0;
}
14. C Program to Take Two Matrices as Input and Perform Matrix
Subtraction (9 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int rows, cols, i, j;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);
int matrix1[rows][cols], matrix2[rows][cols], result[rows][cols];
printf("Enter elements of first matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter elements of second matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix2[i][j]);
}
}
// Matrix subtraction
for(i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] - matrix2[i][j];
}
}
printf("Resultant matrix after subtraction:\n");
for(i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", result[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
15. C Program to Display the Diagonal Values of a 10 × 10 Matrix (9 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int matrix[10][10];
int i, j;
printf("Enter elements of 10x10 matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Diagonal elements are:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
16. Define a 3 × 4 two-dimensional integer array called n and assign values (9
Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Define and initialize the 3x4 array 'n'
int n[3][4] = {
{10, 12, 14, 16},
{20, 22, 24, 26},
{30, 32, 34, 36}
};
// Optional: Display the array elements to verify
printf("The 3x4 array elements are:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
printf("%d ", n[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
17. Define a 3 × 4 two-dimensional integer array called n and assign the given
values (9 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Define and initialize the 3x4 array 'n' with given values and zeros
int n[3][4] = {
{10, 12, 14, 16},
{20, 22, 0, 0},
{ 0, 0, 0, 0}
};
// Optional: Print the array elements to verify
printf("The 3x4 array elements are:\n");
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
printf("%d ", n[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
18. Different Ways of Initializing a 2D Array with Examples (3 Marks)
In C, a 2D array can be initialized in several ways. Here are some common
methods:
1. Full Initialization
You explicitly initialize every element of the 2D array.
int arr[2][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};
2. Partial Initialization
You can initialize only some elements; the rest are automatically set to zero.
int arr[2][3] = {
{1, 2}, // Third element is 0 by default
{4} // Second and third elements are 0 by default
};
Resulting array:
1 2 0
4 0 0
3. Flat Initialization
You can initialize the 2D array as a flat list; the compiler fills the array row-wise.
int arr[2][3] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
19. Write a C program to check whether a given square matrix is an identity
matrix. (All diagonal elements must be 1 and all non-diagonal elements must
be 0. (9)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, j, isIdentity = 1;
printf("Enter the size of the square matrix: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int matrix[n][n];
printf("Enter the elements of the %dx%d matrix:\n", n, n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
// Check identity matrix conditions
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if(i == j) {
// Diagonal elements must be 1
if(matrix[i][j] != 1) {
isIdentity = 0;
break;
}
} else {
// Non-diagonal elements must be 0
if(matrix[i][j] != 0) {
isIdentity = 0;
break;
}
}
}
if(!isIdentity) {
break;
}
}
if(isIdentity) {
printf("The matrix is an identity matrix.\n");
} else {
printf("The matrix is NOT an identity matrix.\n");
}
return 0;
}
20. C Program to Read a 2D Integer Matrix of Size m × n and Compute Its
Transpose (9 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int m, n, i, j;
printf("Enter number of rows (m): ");
scanf("%d", &m);
printf("Enter number of columns (n): ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int matrix[m][n], transpose[n][m];
printf("Enter elements of the %dx%d matrix:\n", m, n);
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
// Compute transpose
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
transpose[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
}
}
// Display transpose
printf("Transpose of the matrix is:\n");
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < m; j++) {
printf("%d ", transpose[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
21. C Program to Read Two 2D Matrices, Perform Matrix Addition, and Print
the Sum Matrix
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int m, n, i, j;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &m);
printf("Enter number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int matrix1[m][n], matrix2[m][n], sum[m][n];
printf("Enter elements of first matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter elements of second matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix2[i][j]);
}
}
// Matrix addition
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
sum[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
}
}
// Print sum matrix
printf("Sum of the two matrices is:\n");
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
22. C Program to Check Whether Two Matrices are Equal
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int m, n, i, j, equal = 1;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &m);
printf("Enter number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int matrix1[m][n], matrix2[m][n];
printf("Enter elements of first matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter elements of second matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix2[i][j]);
}
}
// Check equality
for(i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if(matrix1[i][j] != matrix2[i][j]) {
equal = 0;
break;
}
}
if(!equal) break;
}
if(equal)
printf("The matrices are equal.\n");
else
printf("The matrices are NOT equal.\n");
return 0;
}
23. C Statement to Access the Element in the Second Row and Third Column
of a Matrix
matrix[1][2]
24. C Program to Read and Display a 3x3 Matrix
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int matrix[3][3], i, j;
printf("Enter elements of 3x3 matrix:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
printf("The 3x3 matrix is:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
25. a) C Program Using Enum to Represent Days of the Week
#include <stdio.h>
enum Days { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday };
int main() {
enum Days today;
today = Wednesday;
printf("Day number %d\n", today); // Wednesday corresponds to 3
return 0;
}
25. b) Enum for Seasons and Switch Statement
#include <stdio.h>
enum Seasons { Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter };
int main() {
enum Seasons currentSeason;
currentSeason = Autumn;
switch(currentSeason) {
case Spring:
printf("It's Spring season.\n");
break;
case Summer:
printf("It's Summer season.\n");
break;
case Autumn:
printf("It's Autumn season.\n");
break;
case Winter:
printf("It's Winter season.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid season.\n");
}
return 0;
}
26. What are Enumerated Data Types? Explain How Ordinal Values Are
Assigned to Their Members with Examples. Compare Enum with Typedef.
Enumerated Data Types (enum):
● enum is a user-defined data type in C that assigns names to integral
constants, making the code more readable.
● Members of an enum are assigned ordinal (integer) values automatically,
starting from 0 by default. You can explicitly assign values to members as
well.
Ordinal value assignment example:
enum Days { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday };
● Here, Sunday = 0, Monday = 1, Tuesday = 2, and so on.
You can also assign custom values:
enum Status { Fail = 0, Pass = 1, Merit = 2, Distinction = 3 };
If you assign a value to one member, subsequent members increment by 1
automatically:
enum Colors { Red = 1, Blue, Green }; // Red=1, Blue=2, Green=3
27. Explain typedef and enum Data Types in Detail with Examples.
typedef:
● Used to create a new name (alias) for an existing data type.
● Makes complex declarations easier to understand.
Example:
typedef unsigned int UINT;
UINT age = 25; // Equivalent to: unsigned int age = 25;
You can also typedef structures:
typedef struct {
int x, y;
} Point;
Point p1 = {10, 20};
enum:
● Defines a set of named integer constants.
● Helps in representing related constants clearly.
Example:
enum Weekday { Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat };
enum Weekday today = Wed;
printf("Today is day number %d\n", today); // Prints 3
28. Write a Simple C Program to Declare and Use an Enum.
#include <stdio.h>
enum Direction { North, East, South, West };
int main() {
enum Direction dir;
dir = South;
if(dir == South) {
printf("You are heading South.\n");
}
return 0;
}
29. Explain the Purpose of the typedef Construct in C.
● typedef is used to create new names (aliases) for existing data types.
● It improves code readability and maintainability.
● Useful when dealing with complex types like structures, pointers, or
function pointers.
● Example: Instead of writing unsigned long int repeatedly, use typedef:
typedef unsigned long int ULONG;
ULONG number = 100000;
30. Explain enum Data Type in C with an Example.
● enum (enumeration) defines a set of named integral constants.
● Helps group related constants with meaningful names.
● Each enumerator has an integer value starting at 0 unless specified
otherwise.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
enum Month { January = 1, February, March, April, May, June, July, August,
September, October, November, December };
int main() {
enum Month currentMonth = April;
printf("Month number: %d\n", currentMonth); // Outputs 4
return 0;
}
31. What are String Handling Functions? Write a C Program to Determine
the Length of a String Using Both Built-in and Manual Method.
String Handling Functions are functions provided by C through the <string.h>
header for operations like copy, compare, concatenate, find length, etc.
Examples: strlen(), strcpy(), strcat(), strcmp(), etc.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int i, length = 0;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
// Built-in function
printf("Length using strlen(): %d\n", strlen(str));
// Manual method
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
length++;
}
printf("Length using manual method: %d\n", length);
return 0;
}
32. Write a C Program to Concatenate Two Strings Without Using Built-in
Functions
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str1[100], str2[50];
int i = 0, j = 0;
printf("Enter first string: ");
gets(str1);
printf("Enter second string: ");
gets(str2);
// Move to the end of str1
while (str1[i] != '\0') {
i++;
}
// Append str2 to str1
while (str2[j] != '\0') {
str1[i] = str2[j];
i++;
j++;
}
str1[i] = '\0';
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);
return 0;
}
33. Write a C Program to Reverse a String Without Using String Handling
Functions
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int len = 0, i;
char temp;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
// Find length manually
while (str[len] != '\0') {
len++;
}
// Reverse the string
for (i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[len - i - 1];
str[len - i - 1] = temp;
}
printf("Reversed string: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}
34. Write a C Program to Print the Number of Vowels and Consonants in a
String
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int i, vowels = 0, consonants = 0;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
char ch = str[i];
if ((ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')) {
ch = (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ? ch + 32 : ch; // convert to lowercase
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u')
vowels++;
else
consonants++;
}
}
printf("Vowels: %d\nConsonants: %d\n", vowels, consonants);
return 0;
}
35. Difference Between scanf("%s", str); and gets(str);
Example:
char str[100];
scanf("%s", str); // Input: Hello World → Stores only "Hello"
gets(str); // Input: Hello World → Stores entire "Hello World"
36. Write a C Program to Read Your Name from the Console and Display It
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char name[100];
printf("Enter your name: ");
gets(name); // You can also use fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin);
printf("Hello, %s!\n", name);
return 0;
37. a) Write a C program to count the number of vowels in a given string. (5
Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int i, vowels = 0;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
char ch = str[i];
if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ch += 32; // convert to lowercase
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u')
vowels++;
}
printf("Number of vowels: %d\n", vowels);
return 0;
}
38. Write a C program to check whether a string is palindrome or not without
using string handling functions
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int i, len = 0, isPalindrome = 1;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
// Calculate length manually
while (str[len] != '\0') {
len++;
}
for (i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
if (str[i] != str[len - i - 1]) {
isPalindrome = 0;
break;
}
}
if (isPalindrome)
printf("The string is a palindrome.\n");
else
printf("The string is not a palindrome.\n");
return 0;
}
39. List any 4 string handling functions in C programming and explain with
examples
Here are four commonly used string handling functions from <string.h>:
1. strlen()
○ Use: Returns length of string (excluding \0)
○ Example:
int len = strlen("hello"); // len = 5
2. strcpy()
● Use: Copies one string into another
● Example:
char str1[20], str2[] = "World";
strcpy(str1, str2); // str1 = "World"
3. strcat()
● Use: Appends one string to another
● Example:
char str1[20] = "Hello ", str2[] = "World";
strcat(str1, str2); // str1 = "Hello World"
4. strcmp()
● Use: Compares two strings
● Example:
int result = strcmp("abc", "abc"); // result = 0 (equal)
40. Write a C program to find the length of a string using a string handling
function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
printf("Length of string: %lu\n", strlen(str));
return 0;
41 & 42. Explain any three string handling functions in C with examples and
their syntax
43. a) C program to count the occurrence of a given character in a string (5
Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100], ch;
int i, count = 0;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
printf("Enter the character to count: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (str[i] == ch)
count++;
printf("Character '%c' occurs %d times.\n", ch, count);
return 0;
43. b) Program to count the number of spaces in a given string (4 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int i, spaceCount = 0;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ')
spaceCount++;
printf("Number of spaces: %d\n", spaceCount);
return 0;
44. a) Program to find the length of a string without using string handling
functions (5 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int i = 0;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
while (str[i] != '\0') {
i++;
printf("Length of the string: %d\n", i);
return 0;
44. b) Program to replace all occurrences of a given character in a string with
another (4 Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100], ch1, ch2;
int i;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
printf("Enter character to replace: ");
scanf("%c", &ch1);
getchar(); // clear newline from buffer
printf("Enter replacement character: ");
scanf("%c", &ch2);
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (str[i] == ch1)
str[i] = ch2;
printf("Modified string: %s\n", str);
return 0;
45. a) Program to compare two strings using the string handling function (5
Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100];
printf("Enter first string: ");
gets(str1);
printf("Enter second string: ");
gets(str2);
if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0)
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
else
printf("Strings are not equal.\n");
return 0;
45. b) Program to read a string in uppercase and convert it into lowercase (4
Marks)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int i;
printf("Enter a string in uppercase: ");
gets(str);
for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z') {
str[i] = str[i] + 32;
printf("Lowercase string: %s\n", str);
return 0;
46. C program to copy content of one string into another using string handling
function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100];
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str1);
strcpy(str2, str1);
printf("Copied string: %s\n", str2);
return 0;
47. C program to concatenate two strings using the string handling function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100];
printf("Enter first string: ");
gets(str1);
printf("Enter second string: ");
gets(str2);
strcat(str1, str2);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);
return 0;
}
48. C program to compare two strings using the string handling function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100];
printf("Enter first string: ");
gets(str1);
printf("Enter second string: ");
gets(str2);
if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0)
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
else
printf("Strings are not equal.\n");
return 0;
