Cycloconverters

Cycloconverters
- Anoop Mathew
HOD Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering VedaVyasa Institute of Technology, Kerala 673632
www.anoopmathew.110mb.com
Cycloconverters
AC power at one frequency is converted directly to an AC power at another frequency without any intermediate DC stage.
The output of cycloconverter provides ac power at a lower frequency than input. Bidirectional power-flow is possible. Able to operate with loads of any power factor. Generally, output frequency is lower than source frequency. input power factor is worse if the fabricated output voltage is decreased.
Cycloconverters Equivalent Ckt.
Working Principle
Fundamental wave is generated by the two, 2-quadrent phase converters. Diode for unidirectional conduction. Ripple content is neglected. Positive current is carried by positive converter and negative by negative.
Cycloconverter General Characteristics.
1- to 1- Cycloconverter (Bridge)
Description

2 bridges are in back-to-back configuration. circulating-current free mode of operation 2 bridges should not conduct simultaneously cause short circuit. circulatingcurrent free mode of operation
Only one converter conducts at a time P-bridge Load current in positive half of output. N-bridge Load current in negative half of output.
Description (Contd ...)

Non-circulating-current mode of operation

No circulating current. Complex control strategy. To simplify, a circulating current has to be developed by a current limiting reactor. (it is connected between the positive and the negative converters like dualconverter)
11 cycloconverter R-load
11 cycloconverter R-load

Output current is zero as input voltage is zero. Diagonal switches in each converter is in OFF state in half cycles alternatively. Natural commutation. Operation is discontinuous. The first 3 half cycles are contributed by bridge-1 and next 3 by bridge-2 in order to make the output frequency = (1/3) x input frequency.
non-circulating current mode
3 half cycles by B1 + 3 half cycles by B2 = one cycle of output wave. For lower o/p frequency, no. of cycles/bridge should be increased.
11 cycloconverter RL-load
Continuous Load current mode
Discontinuous Load current Mode
Depending on the firing angle and load power factor.

L is low. Non-circulating mode of operation takes place. From the plot, o/p frequency = () input frequency Due to the load inductance, an elapsed period of current flow will occur even after the input voltage is reversed. The pattern of firing angle -> first decreasing and then increasing. Ripple frequency = 100 Hz The ripple in load current being filtered by the inductance present in the load.
Continuous Load current Mode
Continuous Load current Mode

Higher inductance is in load side. Non-circulating mode of operation is used. (only one of the bridges -#1 (positive), or #2 (negative), conducts at a time) Non-circulating mode of operation takes place. From the plot, o/p frequency = () input frequency Due to the load inductance an elapsed period of current flow will occur even after the input voltage is reversed. The pattern of firing angle -first decreasing and then increasing. Ripple frequency = 100 Hz
Advantages of Cycloconverter
Direct frequency conversion without any intermediate stage. Natural commutation Compact system. Power transfer in either directions. Operates in any p.f. Capable of regeneration over the complete speed range, down to standstill. Commutation failure leads only to blown-off of individual fuses only.
Advantages of Cycloconverter
(Contd ...)
Delivers a high quality sinusoidal waveform at low output frequencies since it is fabricated from a large number of segments of the supply waveform. This is often preferable for very low speed applications.
Disadvantages of Cycloconverter

Large number of thyristors are required in a cyclo-converter. Complex control circuitry. The output frequency is limited to onethird of the input frequency. (For reasonable power output and efficiency) The power factor is low, particularly at reduced output voltages.
Applications

Speed control of drives. Variable input frequency, constant frequency output. (constant frequency power supplies) Induction heating. (Low frequency 3phase to high frequency 1-phase AC)
References
[1] A. Maamoun, DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLOCONVERTERS, IEEE Trans. 2003. [2] Ned Mohan et al, Power Electronics, Weily publications 2005 [3] M.D. Singh & K.B Khanjandani, Power Electronics, TMH 2006 [4] Cyril W. Lander Power Electronics, McGraw Hill International Editions 2007
Thank You
Questions ???
anoopmathew@ieee.org

Cycloconverters

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Cycloconverters

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Cycloconverters

Cycloconverters Equivalent Ckt.

Cycloconverter General Characteristics.

Description (Contd ...)

Continuous Load current mode

Discontinuous Load current Mode

Depending on the firing angle and load power factor.

Discontinuous Load current Mode

Discontinuous Load current Mode

Continuous Load current Mode

Continuous Load current Mode

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