4G Mobile Network LTE Vladimir Settey

4G Mobile Networks Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Vladimir Settey
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
The revolution is here (smartphones / tablets / netbooks) Broadband, anytime, anywhere Flat-rate data ? Data growth exponential; revenue growth linear. Scaling the network for data
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Evolution of Mobile Networks LTE Architecture Overview EPC Mobility Services in LTE
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Home Location Service Control Register (HLR) Point (SCP)
There was wireless ISDN (aka GSM)
Mobile Station
Connection Mgmt
Base Transceiver System (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Mobile Switching Center + Visitor Locatio(MSC/VLR) n Register

TUP ISUP INAP
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Voice oriented architecture fixed wireline services (e.g. SS and IN)
Mobility Mgmt Re-define
Mobility Mgt
Radio SMS is a signalling transport rather than a data RR Resource BSSAP Mgmt Network transport BTSM on TDM based RR BTSM
service DTAP
BSSAP SCCP MTP/MTPb 64/2048 kbps
BSSMAP
Connection Mgmt
TCAP SCCP MTP 64 kbps

5
LAP-Dm GSM Radio
LAP-Dm LAP-D GSM Radio 16/64 kbps
LAP-D 16/64 kbps
SCCP MTP/b 64/2048 kbps
MAP
One burst every TDMA frame was sufficient to transport a speech
frame with source rate of 13 kbit/s

GSM Phase 2 (circa 1996) added Circuit Switched Data support
offering 9.6 kbit/s service
High Speed CSD consisted in aggregating multiple timeslot for a
single user but resource intensive

Modified V.110
Modem Interworking Function (IWF)
3.1 kHz audio or V110 64k UDI
BSC
MSC
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BTS
BSC
MSC/VLR
Gateway MSC
IP Packet Control Unit (PCU) Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
IP SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM Radio Relay GSM 64 kbps Radio Relay RLC BSSGP Nw Services MAC 64 kbps L1bis Relay SNDCP GTP LLC BSSGP
Nw Services
IP GTP UDP IP L2 L1
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UDP IP L2 L1
L1bis
First step towards an all IP network Designed to accommodate greater packet throughput (up to
2Mbits/s announced In reality, can support up to 384 kbit/s)

Core network remains largely unchanged from 2.5G Migration to ATM for Radio Access Transport More control into the RNC
3G MSC PSTN
ATM/AAL2 ATM/AAL5
3G RNC Node B 3G SGSN

IP GGSN
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So hopefully WCDMA got it right on packet services
Iu-ps
Gn/Gp
NodeB IP PDCP RLC MAC WCDMA Radio WCDMA Radio

Frame Protocol
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
3G SGSN
GGSN IP
PDCP RLC MAC

AAL2
GTP-U UDP IP
AAL5
GTP-U UDP IP
AAL5
GTP-U UDP IP
L2
GTP-U UDP IP
L2
AAL2
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
L1
L1
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HLR MSC-s
MSC-s
Iu-cs
IP
INAP BICC or SIP-T H.248 MAP
MGW Nb-UP
MGW
RTP Still Voice over CS bearer on the radio access, data bearer not SCCP
TCAP
suitable (latency, overhead) Iu-UP UDP

ATM L1/2
IP AAL2 Option to transport Voice over IP in the Core
M3UA SCTP (see TS 23.205) IP L1/2
Introduction of SS7oIP transport
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HSPA+: Distribute RNC HSDPA Removes Drift RNC and Data plane to Node B adds intelligence to the Node B
Iu-ps
Gn
Drift RNC Node B IP PDCP RLC MAC MAC-HS MAC-HS

WCDMA
Frame Protocol FP FP
Serving RNC
3G SGSN
GGSN IP
Direct Tunnel allows SGSN to remove itself from data plane
PDCP RLC MAC

Frame Protocol
GTP-U UDP IP
GTP-U UDP IP
AAL5/ATM
GTP-U UDP IP
L2
GTP-U UDP IP
L2
AAL2/ATM
AAL2
AAL2
AAL2/ATM AAL5/ATM L2
WCDMA L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
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Rel-99
Rel-5
Rel-6
Rel-7
Rel-8
WCDMA
HSDPA
HSDPA: 16 QAM DL 14.4 Mbps
HSUPA
MIMO 2x2
64 QAM
HSDPA: 64 QAM and MIMO
HSDPA: Always HSDPA: on scaling 64 QAM, MIMO HSUPA: 5.7 Mbps HSUPA: 16QAM Always on scaling
DL: 28 Mbps UL: 11 Mpbs
DL: Up to DL: 384 kps UL: 384 kbps 14.4 Mbps UL: 384 kbps
DL:Up to 14.4 Mbps UL: 5.7 Mbps
DL: 42 Mbps UL: 11 Mpbs
2007
2008
2009
2010+
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Highlighting the growing importance of IP transport
3G MSC-S
HLR/HSS
IP RAN w/ ATM PW or Native IP
SGW 3G MGW 3G RNC

Core IP
PSTN
Node B
3G SGSN
GGSN
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Evolved Packet System (EPS) is the technology direction for 3GPP
based networks network
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next generation 3GPP radio access
Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the 3GPP next generation
standard for mobile networks providing:

Increased Bandwidth End-to-End IP Simplified Architecture Support for multiple radio access technologies
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is the next generation 3GPP packet core
Consists of (3) main components (MME, SGW, and PGW)
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Radio Side (Evolved UTRAN - EUTRAN)

Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency Simplification of the radio network Efficient support of packet based services: Multicast, VoIP, etc.
Network Side (Evolved Packet Core - EPC)

Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput, idle to active transitions Simplification of the core network Optimization for IP traffic and services Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies
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Higher Bandwidth (>100 kbps per user on average) and improved
latency
Transmission and transition delays <10 & 100ms resp. in unloaded conditions Service independent and data-only architecture Strict data QoS mechanism with no voice dedicated bearer identifictaion Always-on model All registered users have a default bearer established used for signalling IP addressing IPv6 by default with dual stack sessions (IPv4v6) Support of alternative access technologies 3GPP and non-3GPP architecture, including possible wireline access Local breakout Part of the traffic may be routed directly in the visited network
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Duplex Channel Bandwidth Modulation Type Multiple Access Technique TDMA Frame Duration Number of symbols per frame Sub-carrier Spacing Symbol Duration Cyclic Prefix Multipath Mitigation eNB Synchronization Forward Error Correction Advanced Antenna Techniques
FDD and TDD 1.25 20 MHz QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM DL: OFDMA, UL: SCFDMA 10ms with 1ms subframe 140 15 kHz 66.7 us 4.69 us, 16.67 us OFDM / Cyclic Prefix Frequency (FDD, TDD) Time (TDD, MBSFN) 1/3 Convolutional and Turbo MIMO 2x2, 4x4
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Frequency"
Frequency"
Frequency"
Sub-Channel" (Group of" Frequencies)"
FDMA" TDMA" (2G)" CDMA" (3G)"

user A user B user C
Sub-Channel" (Group of" Frequencies)"
OFDM"
Time "
OFDMA" (LTE & WiMAX)"

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Sub-carrier Spacing 15 kHz
Frequency
One Resource Element
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3 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
1.4 MHz
20 MHz
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256QAM (14% of cell area) 64QAM (13% of cell area)
16QAM (18% of cell area) QPSK ( 55% of cell area)
Maximising the bandwidth made available to the users by selecting the optimum modulation scheme (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, etc.)
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
Downlink
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
Uplink
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
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3GPP Access
S12 (GTP-U) UTRAN
HSS
S6a (DIAMETER)
SWx (DIAMETER)
SGSN
GERAN
S4 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
PCRF
Rx+ (DIAMETER)
S3 (GTP-C)
MME
S1-MME (S1-AP) E-UTRAN S10 (GTP-C)
S11 (GTP-C)
Gxc Gx (DIAMETER) S5/8 (PMIPv6, GRE) S5/8 (GTP-C, GTP-U) Gxa Gxb S6b (DIAMETER)
AAA
Operators IP Services (e.g. video, IMS)
eNodeB
S1-U (GTP-U)
SGW
PGW
SWm (DIAMETER)
SGi
UE
S2a (PMIPv6, GRE MIPv4 FACoA)
S2b (PMIPv6, GRE)
SWa
ePDG
SWn S2c
Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access UE
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access UE
STa (RADIUS, DIAMETER)
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3GPP Access
S12 (GTP-U) UTRAN
HSS
S6a (DIAMETER)
SWx (DIAMETER)
SGSN
GERAN
S4 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
PCRF
Rx+ (DIAMETER)
S3 (GTP-C)
MME
S11 (GTP-C)
AAA
eNodeB
S1-U (GTP-U)
SGW
PGW
SWm (DIAMETER)
SGi
UE
Mobility Management Entity
S2b (PMIPv6, GRE)
SWa
ePDG
SWn S2c
E-UTRAN Control Plane with 2G/3G interworking (no user plane handling) Interacts with HSS for user authentication, profile download, etc. Interacts with eNodeB and SGW for SGW selection, tunnel control, paging, handovers, etc. Interacts with SGSN for 2G/3G
Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access
UE
UE
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3GPP Access
S12 (GTP-U) UTRAN
HSS
S6a (DIAMETER)
SWx (DIAMETER)
SGSN
GERAN
S4 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
PCRF
Rx+ (DIAMETER)
S3 (GTP-C)
MME
S11 (GTP-C)
AAA
eNodeB
S1-U (GTP-U)
SGW
PGW
SWm (DIAMETER)
SGi
UE
Home Subscriber Services (HSS)
S2b (PMIPv6, GRE)
SWa
ePDG
SWn S2c
Centralised database holding user profile: Interacts with MME for user authentication and profile download Stores current location information (e.g. assigned MME, Serving SGW) One or more subscription profiles containing IMSI, QoS, Services, etc.
UE
UE
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3GPP Access
S12 (GTP-U) UTRAN
HSS
S6a (DIAMETER)
SWx (DIAMETER)
SGSN
GERAN
S4 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
PCRF
Rx+ (DIAMETER)
S3 (GTP-C)
MME
S11 (GTP-C)
AAA
eNodeB
S1-U (GTP-U)
SGW
PGW
SWm (DIAMETER)
SGi
UE
Serving Gateway
S2b (PMIPv6, GRE)
SWa
ePDG
SWn S2c
Data plane anchoring for 3GPP access and 2G/ 3G bearer plane interworking Anchor point in visited network for 3GPP Access (2G/3G/LTE) Processes all IP packets to/from UE (QoS control, LI) Uses network-based mobility towards PDNGW (GTP or PMIPv6)
UE
UE
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3GPP Access
S12 (GTP-U) UTRAN
HSS
S6a (DIAMETER)
SWx (DIAMETER)
SGSN
GERAN
S4 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
PCRF
Rx+ (DIAMETER)
S3 (GTP-C)
MME
S11 (GTP-C)
AAA
eNodeB
S1-U (GTP-U)
SGW
PGW
SWm (DIAMETER)
SGi
UE
Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW)
S2b (PMIPv6, GRE)
SWa
ePDG
SWn S2c
Subscriber-aware data plane anchoring for all access networks Anchor point in home or visited network for all IP-based access (3GPP or not) Session-based user authentication and IP address allocation (IPv4/v6) Processes all IP packets to/from UE (QoS control, PCEF, LI)
UE
UE
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3GPP Access
S12 (GTP-U) UTRAN
HSS
S6a (DIAMETER)
SWx (DIAMETER)
SGSN
GERAN
S4 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
PCRF
Rx+ (DIAMETER)
S3 (GTP-C)
MME
S11 (GTP-C)
AAA
eNodeB
S1-U (GTP-U)
SGW
PGW
SWm (DIAMETER)
SGi
UE
Policy&Charging Rule Function (PCRF)
S2b (PMIPv6, GRE)
SWa
ePDG
SWn S2c
User and application-aware policy decision point: Interacts with PGW to enforce per session or per flow policies Gets event notification from PGW (mobilty and/or traffic related) Interacts with application for admission control and policy definitiion Supports roaming capabilities
UE
UE
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3GPP Access
S12 (GTP-U) UTRAN
HSS
S6a (DIAMETER)
SWx (DIAMETER)
SGSN
GERAN
S4 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
PCRF
Rx+ (DIAMETER)
S3 (GTP-C)
MME
S11 (GTP-C)
AAA
eNodeB
S1-U (GTP-U)
SGW
PGW
SWm (DIAMETER)
SGi
UE
Enhanced Packet Data Gateway (ePDG)

Support for untrusted non-3GPP access EPC point of attachment for user accessing over other non-owned access Terminates IPSec tunnel from UE established with IKEv2 & EAP-AKA Supports network-based IP mobility towards the selected PGW (PMIPv6)
S2b (PMIPv6, GRE)
SWa
ePDG
SWn S2c
UE
UE
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HSS
S6a (Auth Vectors)
EPS AKA via S6a Challenge and keys exchange

MME
E- UTRAN
Mutual Authentication NAS Integrity/Ciphering
RRC Integrity and ciphering U-Plane Ciphering
eNB
UE
USIM required for LTE Different set of keys used for ciphering, derived from the same
original K stored in the USIM/HSS

HSS MME S1-MME PCRF
UE
eNodeB S-GW PDN-GW
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC OFDMA
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

NAS S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1
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RRC PDCP RLC MAC OFDMA
S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1
S1-MME 36.413
HSS MME PCRF
UE
eNodeB
S1-U S-GW
S5/S8 PDN-GW

IP (user) PDCP RLC MAC OFDMA

IP (user) PMIP GTP-U UDP GRE IP L2 L1
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PDCP RLC MAC OFDMA
GTP-U UDP IP L2 L1
S1-U 36.414
GTP-U GTP-U PMIP UDP UDP GRE IP IP L2 L2 L1 L1
S5/S8 29.274 (GTP) 29.275 (PMIPv6)
HSS MME PCRF
X2
UE
eNodeB S-GW PDN-GW

X2-AP SCTP IP L2 L1 X2-C 36.423 X2-AP SCTP IP L2 L1 GTP-U UDP IP L2 L1

GTP-U X2-U 36.424 UDP IP L2 L1
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HSS MME S6a Gx PCRF
UE
eNodeB S-GW PDN-GW

DIAMETER SCTP IP L2 L1

DIAMETER SCTP IP L2 L1 Gx 29.212 DIAMETER SCTP IP L2 L1
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DIAMETER S6a 29.272 SCTP IP L2 L1
Extract from 3GPP TS 23.401 V8.3.0 (2008-09)

A UE shall perform the address allocation procedures for at least one IP
address (either IPv4 or IPv6)

PDN types IPv4, IPv6 and IPv4v6 are supported /64 IPv6 prefix allocation via IPv6 Stateless Address autoconfiguration
according to RFC 4862, if IPv6 is supported (Mandatory)

IPv6 parameter configuration via Stateless DHCPv6 according to
RFC 3736 (Optional) During default bearer establishment, the PDN GW sends the IPv6 prefix and Interface Identifier to the SGW, and then the S-GW forwards the IPv6 prefix and Interface Identifier to the MME or to the SGSN. The MME or the SGSN forwards the IPv6 Interface Identifier to the UE.
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Idle Mode Mobility procedures

UE Initial Attach Periodic Location Update / Inter- and intra-RAT reselection UE Detach
Active Mode Mobility

Intra-RAT Intra- and inter-area handover Inter-RAT handover
RRC States
RRC-IDLE RRC-CONNECTED
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3G UE
3G RNC
1. Attach Request 2. Identity Request/Response
3G SGSN
3G GGSN
HLR
3. UE Authentication (EAP-AKA) and Ciphering Start 4. User Profile Download 5. Attach Accept/Complete
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3G UE
1. Attach Request 2. Identity Req/Rsp
MME
S-GW
P-GW
HSS
3. UE Authentication (EAP-AKA) and Ciphering Start 4. User Profile Download 5. Bearer Request 6. Bearer Request
PCRF
Bearer Authorisation (inc. IP @, policy)
9. Bearer Accept 10. Attach Accept/Complete
8. Bearer Accept
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3G UE
Old RNC
Target RNC
2. Relocation Required
Old SGSN
Target SGSN
GGSN
1. HO Preparation
3. Fwd Reloc Req
4. Relocation Request 5. RAB establishment at target NodeB 6. Relocation Request Ack 8. Relocation Command 9. Reconfig Radio 10. SRNS Context Transfer 11. Relocation Detected 12. Relocation Detected 13. Update PDP Req 14. Policy Ctrl (optional) 15. Update PDP Ack Relocation Completion including Radio resource release at Old RNC and RAU procedure
7. Fwd Reloc Ack
3G UE
Old eNB
Target eNB
MME
Old S-GW
Target S-GW
P-GW
Established 2-way Bearer 1. HO prep and exec Fwd Data DL Data 2. Path Switch Req 3. Create Session Req 4. Modify Bearer Req 5. Policy Ctrl 7. Create Session Resp 8. Path Switch Resp 9. Release 10. Delete Session Req/Resp Established 2-way Bearer 6. Modify Bearer Ack
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3G UE
Old MME
Target MME
Old S-GW
Target S-GW
P-GW
1. HO preparation
2. Fwd Reloc Req
3. Create Session Req/Resp
4. HO prep at Target eNB 5. Create Indirect TunnelReq/Resp 6. Fwd Reloc Resp 7. Create Indirect TunnelReq/Resp 9. HO Command 8. HO Command
10. eNB context transfer 11. HO Notify 12. Reloc Complete Req/Resp 13. Update Session Req
14. Modify Bearer Req 15. Policy Ctrl 16. Modify Bearer Resp
17. Update Session Resp Relocation Completion including radio resource release at Old 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. eNB and Session and Fwd tunnel tear down at old MME/SGW
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The EPS architecture (3GPP Rel 8)
is the first 3GPP all-IP architecture

Voice and SMS are still
Migration is critical User experience must be preserved
the cash cows for mobile operators
CSFB is the interim solution recommended by NGMN IMS is the target solution for Telephony and Multimedia Services OneVoice IMS profile simplifies implementation for VoLTE NGMN and OneVoice initiatives reduce risk of industry fragmentation SMS typically required before voice due to EU regulatory requirements
for data roaming services

Incoming SMS
UTRAN / GERAN
IuCS / A
MSC SGs
SMS is delivered via SGs interface

S6a HSS
MME
S1-MME
S11
CSFB UE
E-UTRAN
S1-U
Serving/ PDN GW
During EPC attach, CSFB UEs are also attached over SGs to MSC MME maintains mapping of TA to LA to determine appropriate MSC to
establish SGs association with
SMS can be delivered/sent without FallBack to legacy radio (SGs interface
includes SMS payload capability)
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1 4 UE Responds to paging incoming call terminated via standard 2G/3G procedures IuCS / A UTRAN / CSFB UE GERAN
Incoming Call delivered to VMSC which has SGs association for this subscriber
MSC SGs
2 3
UE is paged via the SGs interface

S6a HSS
UE retunes to 2G/3G RAT on receipt of page

S1-MME
MME
S11
CSFB UE
E-UTRAN
S1-U
Serving/ PDN GW
Additional complexity / upgrades required on CS core to support use-
case where the MSC sending Page is different to MSC receiving Page response (i.e. TA to LA mapping is inaccurate due to cell breathing or other circumstances) and HLR. Introduces further termination latency.
This capability (Roaming Retry) requires upgrades on GMSC, VMSC
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IMS (HPLMN)
Subscriber has already registered into IMS following EPC attach
UTRAN / GERAN
IuCS / A
MSC Server (SR-VCC) Sv Mg
SCC AS
TAS
IP-SM-GW
IuPS / Gb
ISC I/S-CSCF Mw P-CSCF MGCF
SGSN (SR-VCC)
S3
MME
S6a
Cx HSS
S11 S1-MME SGi (Gm from UE)
2 SR-VCCOriginates UE UE
E-UTRAN
S1-U
Call
Serving/ PDN GW
To enable mid-call mobility, S-CSCF anchors call at SCC AS TAS provides end-user services (e.g. IR.92) MGCF provides breakout to PSTN or other CS networks
IMS (HPLMN)
3 2 NewUTRAN / call leg established GERAN
IuCS / A
SR-VCC UE
MSC Server (SR-VCC) Sv
SCC AS performs bearer management and tears down original SCC AS leg
Mg
TAS
IP-SM-GW
IuPS / Gb
ISC I/S-CSCF Mw P-CSCF MGCF
UE retunes to 2G/3G SGSN RAT during active call (SR-VCC)
S3
MME
S6a
Cx HSS
S11 S1-MME SR-VCC UE E-UTRAN S1-U Serving/ PDN GW SGi (Gm from UE)
SCC AS performs leg management hides mobility events from other IMS
application servers
SR-VCC only works in one direction LTE 2G/3G Requires upgrades on legacy MSC infrastructure
CSFB
End-User Services Re-use legacy implementation
VoIMS
OneVoice (IR.92) provides baseline. All operator proprietary services and extensions must be ported to IMS. National regulatory services must be implemented in IMS. IR.92 services can be blended with other IMS services such as presence, RCS, rich messaging. No retuning required to access CS equivalent services. Still industry concerns regarding SRVCC latency. High Significant new network infrastructure required. SR-VCC extremely complex. Intensive service porting to ensure full legacy parity. High large investment required for new infrastructure. However, diverse range of vendors opens door for innovative deals/ solutions.
Regulatory Service Differentiation
Re-use legacy implementation Restricted to only services deliverable from legacy core. Significant post-dial delay. Retuning from CS back to LTE may take some time impact to data services. Medium CS core requires upgrades for SGs interface and also to support Roaming Retry. Unknown upgrades must come from existing CS vendors. Believed that legacy vendors are using this to their advantage to seek premium.
End-user Experience
Complexity
Cost
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Thank you.

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4G Mobile Networks Long Term Evolution (LTE)

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Home Location Service Control Register (HLR) Point (SCP)

There was wireless ISDN (aka GSM)

Base Transceiver System (BTS)

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Mobile Switching Center + Visitor Locatio(MSC/VLR) n Register

Voice oriented architecture fixed wireline services (e.g. SS and IN)

Mobility Mgmt Re-define

TCAP SCCP MTP 64 kbps

LAP-Dm GSM Radio

LAP-Dm LAP-D GSM Radio 16/64 kbps

LAP-D 16/64 kbps

SCCP MTP/b 64/2048 kbps

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

One burst every TDMA frame was sufficient to transport a speech

frame with source rate of 13 kbit/s

offering 9.6 kbit/s service

High Speed CSD consisted in aggregating multiple timeslot for a

single user but resource intensive

Modem Interworking Function (IWF)

3.1 kHz audio or V110 64k UDI

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2Mbits/s announced In reality, can support up to 384 kbit/s)

3G RNC Node B 3G SGSN

So hopefully WCDMA got it right on packet services

NodeB IP PDCP RLC MAC WCDMA Radio WCDMA Radio

Radio Network Controller (RNC)

PDCP RLC MAC

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

suitable (latency, overhead) Iu-UP UDP

IP AAL2 Option to transport Voice over IP in the Core

M3UA SCTP (see TS 23.205) IP L1/2

Introduction of SS7oIP transport

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Drift RNC Node B IP PDCP RLC MAC MAC-HS MAC-HS

Direct Tunnel allows SGSN to remove itself from data plane

PDCP RLC MAC

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

DL:Up to 14.4 Mbps UL: 5.7 Mbps

DL: 42 Mbps UL: 11 Mpbs

Highlighting the growing importance of IP transport

IP RAN w/ ATM PW or Native IP

SGW 3G MGW 3G RNC

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Evolved Packet System (EPS) is the technology direction for 3GPP

based networks network

System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the 3GPP next generation

standard for mobile networks providing:

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Radio Side (Evolved UTRAN - EUTRAN)

Network Side (Evolved Packet Core - EPC)

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Higher Bandwidth (>100 kbps per user on average) and improved

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.