DIAGNOSTIC TEST 1

Section I Listening Comprehension Time: 40 minutes

Section I measures your ability to understand spoken English. There are three parts to the Listening Comprehension section. Each part has its own question types and its own directions. Part A Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a short statement which will NOT be repeated. You must pay careful attention to this statement. In your test booklet, you will see four sentences. One of those written sentences means almost the same as the short statement you hear. You must choose the sentence which most closely matches the meaning of the oral statement. You must then mark your answer on the answer sheet. Listen to an example. You will hear: In your test book, you will see: (A) He will not eat beets. (B) The candidate did not bet. (C) They thought the dates sweet. (D) His rival cannot beat him.
Sample Answer

The correct answer is (D). "His rival cannot beat him" most closely matches the statement "The candidate will not be beat." The letter (D) should be blackened on your answer sheet. Listen to another example. You will hear: In your text book, you will see: (A) She is careless in her work. (B) She always goes free on trains. (C) She never has tension headaches. (D) She never shops at sales.
Sample Answer

The correct answer is (A). "She is careless in her work" most closely matches the statement "She never pays attention to the details." The letter (A) should be blackened on your answer sheet.

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1. (A) M y son studies the sun. (C) Four boys had to attend history (B) My daughter has an excellent class. education. (D) There were only two boys in (C) M y son has trouble with the history class. addition. (D) My daughter is not good to my 7.(A) Trainees must not overlook the son. fine points of the task. (B) The critics did not listen 2. (A) Our flight leaves at 8:20. carefully. (B) Our flight leaves on the 20th at (C) The trainees were paid a great 8 o'clock. deal. (C) Our flight leaves at 8:18 in the (D) The end of the train stops by evening. the sign. (D) Our flight 818 departs on the 18th. 8. (A) The guard returned the briefcase to the teacher. 3. (A) George doesn't remember what (B) The teacher gave her briefcase I told him. to the principal to keep. (B) George told me he couldn't (C) The principal found the guard's leave the house. suitcase. (C) I gave George permission to (D) The guard found the teacher's leave. briefcase. (D) I forget if I told George he couldn't leave. 9. (A) Fewer book publishers attended last year. 4. (A) The flooded plain ruined the (B) Major publishers always display food crop. their books. (B) Rice requires a lot of rain. (C) The fair was boycotted by all (C) The drought raised the cost of publishers. food. (D) More books were brought by (D) Eating o n the train i s fewer publishers. expensive. 5-(A) The orchestra needed additional funds. (B) The project needs more money to continue. ( C ) T h e b a nd of r o b b e r s r a c e d further ahead. (D) For all his effort, he still failed. 6.(A) Twelve boy's skipped history class. (B) Three boys had permission to miss class. 10. (A) The police car crashed. (B) The police got to the car first. (C) I called for help after seeing the police. (D) The police raced me to the car.

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11. (A) Bill gulped his drink. (B) Bill didn't enjoy his drink. (C) 1 Bill enjoys his food a great 1 1 deal. (D) rill savored the taste of his drink. Part B 12. (A) There were originally 14 in our crowd. (B) The original group had 12 members. (C) Six of us went to the movies. (D) Nine people went home before the movie.

17. (A) My brother visits us each summer. (B) My father 1 and brother fixed the 1 1 1 canoe. (C) My mother and father visited me last summer. (D) I saw my uncle last year. 18. (A) We plan to eat at a restaurant. (B) It rained so we ate inside. (C) The picnic will go on regardless of the weather. (D) We have alternate plans if it rains.

13. (A) Labels were passed around to 19. (A) The conductor waved from the the participants. train. (B) They were eating and feeling (B) The conductor ran to the train jovial. and gave the signal. (C) The group met around the (C) The conductor signaled before table. he boarded. (D) The round table had a few (D) The conductor remained on the empty seats. platform. 14. (A) The payments are $49.40 each month. (B) Payments for four months are due. (C) The payment is due on the 14th Of the month. (D) The first payment is due on the 4th. 15. (A) He would change his mind. (B) He did not believe we would change our minds. (C) We changed his mind. (D) We thought that he would change his mind. 16. (A) The boy shattered the window. (B) The boy threw the ball through the window. (C) The boy didn't catch the ball. (D) The boy missed hitting the window. 20. (A) Education and defense budgets are greater than the health budget. (B) More money is spent on health than education. (C) The health budget is equal to the defense budget. (D) The most money is spent on education.

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Diagnostic Tests

Directions: In this part there will be 15 short dialogues between two speakers. A third person will ask a question about the dialogue. This question will not be repeated. Listen carefully to the dialogue and the question and then choose an answer from one of the four possible answers given in the test booklet. Mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.

Sample Answer

Listen to an example. You will hear this dialogue: In your test booklet you will see: (A) Finish the program, then study. (B) Study rather than watch the program. (C) See the show he saw last week. (D) Watch the program while studying. Listening to the dialogue, we learned that the man is going to study and not watch the TV program. Therefore, (B) is the most appropriate answer. The letter (B) should be blackened on your answer sheet. 21. (A) Buy a new light (B) Get new shoes (C) Eat a pear (D) Paint her walls blue 25. (A) She imagined the hotel exactly. (B) She agreed with the man. 22. (A) 16 (B) 15 (C) 32 (D) 33 26. (A) Four (B) Two 23. (A) 16 (B) 60 (C) 6 (D) 66 27. (A) Traffic on the bridge (B) 24. (A) Write the letter Ice on the ridge (B) Paint the shelves Slow pace (D) 4 Diagnostic Tests 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (C) Five (D) Six (C) She's been in worse hotels. (D) She had other expectations. (C) Fix a shelf (D) Search for the pen

28 (A) He goes to college. . (B) He works for his father. (C) He takes another test. (D) He chooses another school.

32. (A) $1 million (B) $ 1/2 million (C) $ 1/4 million (D) $2 million

29 (A) They are pests. . (B) They are cute. (C) They are for children. (D) They are pets. 30. (A) The man's trip is shorter. (B) The man leaves after the woman. (C) The woman leaves tonight. (D) The woman's trip is shorter. 31. (A) The woman has a dog. (B) He sees a doghouse. (C) He might not have a place to stay. (D) The dog won't stay hon.,,.

33. (A) (B) (C) (D)

In 11 minutes In 15 minutes In 50 minutes In 5 minutes

34. (A) The woman likes the man's looks. (B) The man wants to be pitied.

35. (A) They both will go back. (B) The man will not return. (C) The man promises to go back. The man won't try to avoid the

Part C Directions: In Part C, you will hear several short talks on a variety of subjects. Each talk will be followed by several questions. Neither the talks nor the questions will be repeated. You will have to pay close attention to both. After you hear the question, you will have to pick the most appropriate answer from the four choices in the test booklet. You will then mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. Listen to the example. You will hear: Here is the first question: In your test booklet, you will see: (A) Neptune (B) Mars (C) Venus (D) Mercury
Sample Answer

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The correct answer to the question "Which planet is fifth from the earth?" is (A) Neptune. You should blacken (A) on your answer sheet. Here is the second question: In your test booklet, you will see: (A) Mars
Sample Answer

(B) Venus (C) Pluto (D) Mercury

The correct answer to the question "Which planet resembles our Mercury. You should blacken (D) on your answer sheet. moon?" is (D) 36. (A) (B) (C) , (D) Large Black Male Small 43. (A) (B) (C) (D) The stage electricians The audience The actors The box office staff

37. (A) In the zoo (B) At the office (C) In the park (D) On a bus 38. (A) The man threw soot at her. (B) She was chasing something. (C) She heard a loud noise. (D) The woman called to her. 39. (A) (B) (C) (D) 40. (A) (B) (C) (D) 41. (A) (B) (C) (D) That he hold the leash firmly That they look for the dog That he change the dog's name That he stay out of the park Small Color A name Size The audience wants refunds. The actors are sick. The electricity won't work. The stage crew is on strike.

44. (A) Washington (B) New York (C) San Francisco (D) Tokyo 45. (A) U.N. delegates (B) Earthquakes in the United States (C) A committee to stud Y earthquakes (D) Experts on earthquakes 46. (A) (B) (C) (D) Building methods Government committees The status of scientists International experts

42. (A) This evening (B) Next Tuesday (C) Tomorrow morning (D) Next week

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47.

(A)

Noncommercial

49.

(A) He retired. (B) He was killed.

(B) Substandard

(C) Efficient (D) Uniform

48. (A)

(C) He went into exile. (D) He gave up his title. 50. (A) German (B) English (C) Scottish (D) French

King Charles II

(B) The Germans (C) Charles I (D) Cromwell

THIS IS THE END OF THE LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION. LOOK AT THE TIME NOW BEFORE YOU BEGIN WORK ON SECTION II. YOU WILL HAVE EXACTLY 25 MINUTES TO WORK ON SECTION II.

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Diagnostic Tests

Section II Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes

Section II measures your ability to recognize standard written English. There are two parts to this section. Each part has a

different type of question and a different set of directions. Directions for Questions 1-15: You will see a sentence with a portion missing. Following the sentence will be four words or phrases. One of those words or phrases will best complete the sentence. Mark your choice on your answer sheet. Look at this example: The new instructor came___________if the apartment was still available. (A) seeing (B) for to see (C) to see (D) and saw The most appropriate standard English expression would be The new instructor came to see if the apartment was still available." You should mark (C) on your answer sheet. Look at the second example: John and ----------- are old friends. (A) me (B) I (C) mine (D) my
Sample Answer Sample Answer

The most appropriate standard English expression would be " John and I are old friends. You should mark (B) on your answer sheet. When you have read and understood the directions, answer questions 1-15. 1. The organizers of the convention have arranged accommodations for those participants-------------- from out of town. (A) who comes (B) which will come (C) are coming (D) coming

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Diagnostic Tests

2 (A) an (B) a (C) the (D) this

2. The farmers recruited to work in the paper mill complained that they were not accustomed_______________ a timecard. (A) to punching

8. The spectators breathed a sigh of

(B) to punch (C) by punching (D) having punched relief when_________. (A) the whistle has blown (B) the referee blows the whistle (C) they heard the final whistle 3. The playground supervisor reprimanded________for our shouting. (A) ourselves faculty seem inflexible, (C) ours (D) we 4._______ the lawyer's opinion, the case should not go to trial. (A) By (B) On (C) In (D) With 5. The job applicant was worried about the interview_______ he was well prepared. (A) because (B) if (C) unless (D) even though (D) the worst 6. ______the predicament and solving it are two different problems. (A) Identification (B) Identifying (C) It is identifying (D) To identify 7. The human rights activist considered it--------honor to be nominated for the award.
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(D) the whistle blows 9. Although the members of the to suggestions. (A) they are always open (B) always they are open (C) open they are always (D) they are open always 10._________ rain now, the farmers will have to postpone the harvest. (A) It should (B) Will it (C) Should it (D) When it will 11. Some consider Las Vegas________ city in the world to live in. (A) the bad (B) worse (C) worst (B) us

12. The phonograph next door was so loud that we could______ hear the television in our own room. (A) hard (B) harder (C) hardly (D) hardy 13. The parent scolded the child and made her promise again. (A) never to do that (B) what to do never

(C) that never to do that (D) so never to do that 14. The motivation of the workers not a monetary reward, but the satisfaction of a job well done. (A) was (B) were (C) should be (D) could be 15. Highly motivated, ambitious people often (A) needing (B) need (C) needed (D) are needing more hours in a day.

Directions for Questions 16-40 In this section you will be given a sentence with four words or phrases underlined. One of the underlined words or phrases is not standard English. You must choose the incorrect portion and blacken the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. Look at this example: Being organized is one of the most important aspect of being a good worker. A B C D

The underlined word "aspect," letter (C),is not standard written English. You should blacken (C) on your answer sheet. After you have read and understood the directions, begin questions 16-40.

16. The

use of videodisc in the classroom, a potentially powerful educational tool,

A C D B

it will not be widespread until prices come down.

17. Recent

studies done by the Department of Labor have shown that

B

A nonsmoking C

employer are more productive than those who smoke.

D

EMPLOYEES

Diagnostic Tests

10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

18. The new more stringent

requirements for obtaining a driving license

has resulted in a decrease in traffic accidents. HAVE

C A D B C 19. We all thought the office manager had gone too far, but his staff

did supported him.

D

Omit did I do love you = I really love you

20. Hearing the fire alarm sound, the librarian requested those reading to leave A B D and heads for the ne C their books headed for the nearest exit.

21. The scientific

experiments conducted by the class was placed on the

A B C

center table for the judges to evaluate. D Was = were 22.

Ms. Amelia Earhart, like many of the world's greatest heroes, sacrificed
A C her D B

their life for the sake of adventure, glory. and country.

23. The anthropologists reviewed its findings and discovered that a fossil

A
C D

previously thought to date from the Mesozoic period was a current forgery.

24. The organizers of the picnic thought they had put enough food on the

A
D

basket, but there obviously was not enough for six hungry people.

25. The general's political judgment or his ability to analyze A B

a situation accurately were both as remarkable as his military skill. C D

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11

26. Welcoming the astronaut to the community and prepare a big banquet were A D 27. The freezing point and boiling, point of water are standard reference A C D B points used in calibrating thermometer. B C important responsibilities for the newly formed citizens group.

28. Sacajawea, the woman Indian who accompanied Lewis and Clark A C B D on their inurned, has been the inspiration for countless romantic legends.

29. Ceramic materials ,taken directly from the earth's crust have used as building A materials since time immemorial. D 30. People who follow the pseudoscience astrology, a false science, believe that A stars govern the fate of men D 31. The force of gravity becomes least as one goes farther from the center A of the earth. D 32. Using herbal medicines, treat doctors more illness for less cost. A B C D B C B C B C

33. Elizabeth Charlotte provisions through her bawdy outspoken letters

A C D

an unparalleled contemporary view of the court of Louis XIV.

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12 Diagnostic Tests

34. Child labor laws were instituted to protect the neglected long rights A of children. D B 35. If excess air was pumped into an elastic cylinder, the cylinder will explode. B C

36. English, is spoken by slightly more than 8 percent of the earth's population, A D 37. Many people, physicians included, fail to appreciate that can bee stings A have fatal results in minutes. D 38. Today's playing cards who are modeled after 18th century English design, trace A their roots to Turkey. C D B B C B C is the most common language after Chinese.

39. The brain's left hemisphere control logic and language, while the A C A D B C B right control}np, intuitive talents and musical, ability. 40. Upon immigrants arriving in America at the turn of the century, most immigrants passed through Ellis Island. D

DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST

IF YOU FINISH IN LESS THAN 25 MINUTES, GO OVER YOUR ANSWERS ON SECTION 11 ONLY AT THE END OF 25 MINUTES, GO TO SECTION III. YOU WILL HAVE 45 MINUTES TO WORK ON SECTION III.
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Section III Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Time: 45 minutes

In this section of the test, there are two types of questions. Each question type has its own directions. Directions for Questions 1-30: In each sentence a word or phrase has been underlined. There are four other words or phrases below each sentence. You must select the one word or phrase which most closely matches the meaning of the underlined word. Example: She always wore dresses made of synthetic cloth. (A) artificial (B) expensive Sample Answer (C) fashionable (D) new

(A) is the correct answer. "She always wore dresses of artificial cloth" most closely matches the meaning of the original sentence. The letter (A) should be blackened on your answer sheet. When you fully understand the directions, answer the following questions. 1. If one has an open mind, it is not difficult to appreciate another's point of view. (A) respect (B) agree with (C) contradict (D) understand 2. There are some people who advocate relaxation over work. (A) insist on (B) recommend (C) appreciate (D) deplore 3. An employer must verify that the applicants have the proper qualifications. (A) credentials (B) measurements (C) forms (D) attire

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4. Allowing books to be sold at the exhibition would set a precedent for future conventions. (A) start a fad (B) establish a pattern (C) upset the applecart (D) be a first 5. The lawyers obliged the newspaper to retract their allegations. (A) withdraw (B) deny (C) apologize for (D) correct 6. It is often difficult to reveal one's true feelings to others. (A) divulge (B) explain (C) discover (D) recognize 7. Since the beginning of time, there have been people who predict that the end of the world is near. (A) are sure that (B) agree (C) forecast (D) are afraid 8. The size of our staff was reduced to reflect the change in the budget. (A) implemented (B) augmented (C) decreased (D) reevaluated 9. Some people can eat large quantities of food, yet never gain any weight. (A) varieties (B) plates (C) items (D) amounts 10. The building is so well constructed that it will survive even the strongest earthquake. (A) guaranteed (B) built (C) located (D) insured 11. Jane looked at an assortment of necklaces before choosing one with green beads. (A) inexpensive (B) a few pieces of (C) multicolored (D) a variety of 12. The caterers must know approximately how many people are expected. (A) nearly (B) essentially (C) confidentially (D) truthfully 13. The chart showed the amount of money spent on food compared with the amount spent on recreation. (A) necessities (B) education (C) incidentals (D) amusement

14. The woman, who sponsored the civic art show, has not been seen recently. (A) anywhere (B) inside (C) lately (D) outside
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15. The man's brother accompanied him to the corner and then went in a different direction. (A) went with (B) sent (C) followed (D) helped 16. When I heard the alarm, I was prepared to run! (A) anxious (B) going (C) afraid (D) ready 17. History is best learned from contemporary sources. (A) ancient (B) concurrent (C) modern (D) several 18. This flag symbolizes what is important to our country. (A) summarizes (B) reveals (C) contains (D) represents 19. It is advisable to have an alternative plan. (A) a substitute (B) a better (C) an easier (D) an equal 20. One is not always able to choose one's associates. (A) colleagues (B) neighbors (C) superiors (D) students 21. Reports of the discovery were telegraphed to the waiting nation. (A) election (B) find (C) district (D) dance 22. The film rights were negotiated by the author's lawyers. (A) rejected (B) suggested (C) demanded (D) arranged 23. The results of experiments on the intelligence of monkeys have not been conclusive. (A) understood (B) final (C) valid (D) predicted 24. A recent census of home buying patterns shows that many people under 30 are still renting. (A) survey (B) group (C) number (D) newspaper 25. The use of the microcomputer is as pedestrian as the use of the telephone.

(A) unusual (B) newsworthy (C) common (D) public

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26. The price of gold fluctuated and then plummeted on the world market last quarter. (A) varied (B) rose (C) stabilized (D) decreased 27. Congressional debate over the passage of this controversial bill was inevitable. (A) popular (B) personal (C) disputatious (D) biased 28. The picture illustrates the compassion the artist has for his native land. (A) feeling (B) distrust (C) revulsion (D) knowledge 29. The drought caused escalation of prices and depletion of supplies. (A) craving (B) exhaustion (C) hoarding (D) maintenance 30. The worker's aggressive personality kept him from having many friends. (A) assertive (B) depressed (C) unstable (D) insecure Directions for Questions 31-56: In this section, you will read passages on a variety of subjects and then answer several questions about the passages. Some of the answers will come directly from the passages; others may only be implied. Select the most appropriate answer and blacken the answer on your answer sheet. Look at this example: According to scientists, 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered by water, and this watery wilderness is the habitat of four of every five living things. To aid oceanographers in their explorations of the seas and oceans of the world, scientists have been designing more and better types of undersea vessels to accomplish this task with greater safety and with more efficient tools and techniques. Answer the first question: 1. What percentage of the earth's surface is covered by water? (A) 30 percent (B) 70 percent (C) 100 percent (D) 50 percent Sample Answer

The correct answer is (B) 70 percent.

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Answer the second question: 2. What percentage of the earth's inhabitants live on land? (A) 10 percent (B) 20 percent (C) 40 percent (D) 50 percent The correct answer is (B) 20 percent. If four out of every five living things live in water, one of every five things, or 20 percent, must live on land. Sample Answer

After you have read and understood the examples, you may start to read. Questions 31-35 EMERGENCY NUMBERS Clarendon University Accidents (on University Property) Ambulance or rescue squad Fire University hospital Campus security 6111 611 or 9911 9 911 0 6111

From phones not on the University telephone 676 6111 system Calls other than emergency To report a theft of University property Metropolitan police 6110 61110 9 - 9111

31. A student who burned his hands in the chemistry laboratory at the university should dial (A) 9-9111 (B) 6111 (C) 6110 (D) 676-6111 32. A university student calling the campus police from his home should dial (A) 0 (B) 9-911 (C) 6110 (D) 676-6111

33. A faculty member who wanted to report an arson incident in progress should dial (A) 9-911 (B) 0 (C) 6110 (D) 6111
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34. A student who wanted to contact a friend recovering from surgery should dial (A) 9-911 (B) 6111 (C) 0 (D) 6110 35. A professor returned to his office and found that the door lock had been broken and university equipment was missing. lie should call (A) 0 (B) 6110 (C) 9-911 (D) 6111

Questions 36-39 TAPE HEAD CLEANER/DEMAGNETIZER INSTRUCTIONS for the Thriftex BCD Cassette This special cleaning/demagnetizing cassette was designed to prolong the life and promote the fidelity of your sound equipment. The cassette should be used after every ten hours of equipment operation to achieve maximum performance of your system. Before inserting the cassette, lower the volume. Rewind the tape completely and then press play. Play the tape until it stops. DO NOT REWIND AGAIN. Remove the cassette and store it in the provided case. 36. The head cleaner/demagnetizer should be used (A) after each tape play. (B) every time tape is rewound. (C) after a 10 hour period of use. (D) when the head is dirty. 37. The tape should be rewound (A) twice. (B) after cleaning. (C) before cleaning. 38. Before rewinding the tape, you should (A) insert the cassette. (B) play the tape to the end. (C) use it for 10 hours. (D) demagnetize the tape. 39. Using the head cleaner will (A) weaken the cassettes. (B) improve the sound quality. (C) demagnetize the tape.

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Questions 40-43

Office and Microcomputer Products Yes, I want to take advantage of TWILL's SPECIAL SALE. Please send me:
Quantity __________ pks __________ bxs __________ cts __________ ea __________ ea Description SS/DD 50-disk Bulk-pack 3M SS/DD10-disk box Econo-pack printout paper Brown Steno Chair Black Steno Chair Price $94.50/pack $21.90/box $28.94/ctn $49.88/each $49.88/each

SEND NO MONEY TWILL CORPORATION SALE Best Buys

I may return the merchandise within 30 days and receive a full credit or refund if I am not 100% satisfied.

40. The advertisement is aimed at (A) the home consumer. (B) a student. (C) a business person. (D) an artist. 41. The total cost for 40 disks is (A) $21.90. (B) $87.60. (C) $94.50. (D) $18.90. 42. The chair will most likely be used (A) in front of a computer. (B) in a school classroom. (C) in a dining room. (D) in a mobile ho.tne. 43. If the printout paper is spotted, the purchaser will receive (A) $28.94. (B) some disks instead. (C) two cartons of paper. (D) 30 percent off the price.

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3
Questions 44-47

Before the American Revolution, British policy as well as American preferences caused manufacturing workshops to remain in Europe while the colonists engaged chiefly in agriculture and commerce. The Revolution, however, drastically altered the realities of international trade. American foreign commerce suffered from the dissolution of ties with British firms, from the destruction of traditional lines of credit, and from the competition with and sometimes harassment by the businesses and government of Britain. Moreover, the Revolution stimulated the expansion of household manufacturing. The American Constitution, the policies of Alexander Hamilton, and most especially the Napoleonic Wars and the development of an interdependent relationship between the cotton and iron industries, contributed to the inception of what would become the industrial revolution in the United States and the origin of a distinctive "American system of manufacturing." Manufacturing replaced foreign trade as America's major business enterprise in the first half of the 19th century, adding a bold new dimension to the economic order and altering popular attitudes toward business enterprise.

44. The main idea of this passage concerns (A) British policy prior to the American Revolution. (B) the effects of the American Revolution. (C) the relationship between foreign trade and American business. (D) the realities of international trade. 45. Which of the following was not a factor in the industrial revolution? (A) The policies of Alexander Hamilton (B) The relationship between the cotton and iron industries (C) The American Constitution (D) The expansion of cottage industries 46. According to the passage, international commerce was affected most seriously by (A) the Napoleonic Wars. (B) the American Revolution. (C) the cotton and iron industries. (D) European manufacturers. 47. The initial effects of the Revolution (A) were useful to the colonists. (B) were troublesome to the colonists. (C) destroyed British firms. (D) caused the workshops to remain in Europe.

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Questions 48-52 When scientists are trying to understand a particular set of phenomena, they often make use of a "model." A model, in the scientists' sense, is a kind of analogy or mental image of the phenomena in terms of something we are familiar with. One example is the wave model of light. We cannot see light as if it were made up of waves because experiments on light indicate that it behaves in many respects as water waves do. The purpose of a model is to give us a mental or visual picture -- something to hold onto -- when we cannot see what is actually happening. Models often give us a deeper understanding: the analogy to a known system (for instance, water waves in the above example) can suggest new experiments to perform and can provide ideas about what other related phenomena might occur.

48. The explanation author is concerned with an of the term (A) wave. (B) model. (C) analogy. (D) all of the above. 49. Another example of a scientific model would be (A) a map. (B) a paper airplane. (C) an atom. (D) a light bulb. 50. Why are models necessary? (A) They connect invisible phenomena to those we are familiar with. (B) Scientists could not experiment without them. (C) They give the scientist a sense of security. (D) They provide deeper insight into the workings of the human mind. 51. Models provide us with deeper understanding because (A) they make us think about our universe. (B) they were used to represent some other phenomenon. (C) they are more precise than theories. (D) they indicate further directions and help us make predictions. 52. An analogy is (A) the study of the universe. (B) a comparison. (C) the study of light waves. (D) the result of scientific investigation.

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Question 53-56 The blues is the root and 'foundation upon which all jazz has developed. Indeed, without the blues there would be no jazz as we know it today. Every style of jazz, even the avant-garde, has been found to have a heritage in the blues.

Work songs were structurally simple two-harmony songs that were sung by a leader and responded to by other workers. Another kind of song, the "country blues," was developed at the same time, however. The first blues songs were sung by itinerant male singers in the South and Southwest who went to bars and social gatherings singing songs full of earthy lyrics in exchange for liquor. Early blues singers drank, danced, and mingled freely with the patrons and guests, and their music was informal, unrestrained, and often improvised (composed on the spot). The themes of these songs concerned the basic human problems of sex and love, poverty and death.

53. Which of the following statements is true? (A) Without jazz, the blues would not exist. (B) The blues grew out of jazz. (C) The blues underlies all forms of jazz. (D) The blues and jazz are avant-garde musical forms. 54. Early country blues can best be characterized as (A) itinerant. (B) amusing. (C) depressing. (D) not rigid. 55. Which of the following would be the most appropriate topic for a country blues song? (A) the birth of a child (B) the death of one's lover (C) the wedding of a relative (D) the theft of one's guitar 56. The singers of the first blues songs (A) stayed in one place. (B) sang for alcohol. (C) were immortal. (D) were urban sophisticates.

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Diagnostic Tests 23

Directions for Questions 57-60: In this section, you must select the statement that most nearly matches the original statement. Many of the statements are true, but only one is a restatement of the original. 57. The best way to learn a foreign language is to study daily and never miss an opportunity to speak to native speakers. (A) Foreign language learning requires studying and speaking with native speakers. (B) The foreign language learner should study every day and capitalize on every chance to converse with native speakers. (C) Daily study with native speakers insures success in foreign language learning. (D) Do you want to learn a foreign language? Then study every day and talk to native speakers. 58. Everybody involved was convinced to take the early flight to Chicago. (A) Everybody took the early flight to Chicago. (B) Nobody decided Chicago at night. (C) After some discussion, all of the involved parties decided to take the early flight to Chicago. (D) The flight to Chicago was what everyone wanted to take. 59. The reason some athletes live longer than others is that their conditioning program is more intensive. (A) If an athlete conditions himself intensively, he will live longer than other athletes. (B) The best athletes use intensive conditioning to prolong their lives. (C) Some athletes have longer careers than other athletes because they engage in intensive training programs. (D) Athletes who do not condition themselves properly run the risk of curtailing their careers. 60. He who laughs last, laughs best. (A) The best laugh is the last laugh. (B) It is better to laugh last. (C) The best laugher laughs last. (D) Laughing last is good.

DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST

IF YOU FINISH IN LESS THAN 45 MINUTES, GO OVER YOUR ANSWERS ON SECTION III ONLY. AT THE END OF 45 MINUTES, STOP WORK AND CORRECT YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE ANSWER KEY WHICH FOLLOWS.