ELEMENTS OF ART

Elements of Art
Perspective

Light
Color

Form
Motion Proportion Symbols Lines

Perspective
way in which artists create an

illusion of depth on a flat surface. One of the ways to create this illusion is to make the objects that are far away smaller than those that are closer to the viewer.

Light

Just as stage designers

use lighting to spotlight a performer, painters will often highlight important elements in paintings

Form
By using light and shadows,

artists give volume to their subjects. One way one can give figures three-dimensional form is to reflect light off their bodies and paint shadows cast by them.

Light & Shadow

Light Follows a Path

moves in a straight path emanating away from a point of origin.

Light Side
Looking at the light side of the form: light is strongest or brightest on the area of the surface that is closest to the light source gradually weakens in strength as the surface moves away from that source brightest part of the surface highlight darkest part of the surface - middle tone area; the area of the surface that is furthest from the light source while remaining in the light side of the object.

Shadows
the two kinds of shadows behave

differently The edge of a form shadow gradually transitions from the light side of the surface to the shadow side. This transition is makes the edge of the form shadow appear softer, creating a soft edge.

Color
Use of different colors

provide emphasis, emotion, etc. Often colors highlight parts of an image to draw specific attention to it.

Motion

Depicting motion is a

technique painters use to keep our attention focused on the picture.

Proportion

Proportion usually

refers to the way different elements in a painting relate to each other in terms of size.

Symbols

Many artists include

items that symbolize other items, emotions, beliefs, ideas, etc.

Lines

An identifiable path

of a point moving in space. It can vary in width, direction, and length.

The Peasant Dance, Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Line art

LINE
represent figures and forms

always have direction

may be straight or curved

strength; always with flexibility, buoyancy & grace; moves in 1 direction

STRAIGHT LINE
1. HORIZONTAL LINES

lines of repose and serenity - express ideas of calmness and quiescence - reclining persons, landscapes, calm bodies of water, and in the distant meeting of the earth & sky (horizon)

STRAIGHT LINE
2. VERTICAL LINES lines poised for action - suggest poise, balance, force, aspiration, exaltation and dynamism - tend to express as well as arouse emotions of exaltation - e.g. man standing straight, tall tree, statues of saints and heroes

STRAIGHT LINE

3. DIAGONAL LINES - suggest action, life and movement - give animation to any composition in which they appear - e.g. running person

CURVED LINES

suggest grace, subtleness,

direction, instability, movement, flexibility, joyousness and grace they are never harsh or stern since they are formed by a gradual change in direction

CROOKED OR JAGGED LINES

Express energy, violence,

conflict and struggle

Line art

- is any image that consists of distinct straight and curved lines placed against a (usually plain) background, without gradations in shade (darkness) or hue (color) to represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects. Line art can use lines of different colors, although line art is usually monochromatic.

Line art emphasizes form and outline, over color, shading, and texture. However, areas of solid pigment and dots can also be used in addition to lines. The lines in a piece of line art may be all of a constant width (as in some pencil drawings), of several (few) constant widths (as in technical illustrations), or of freely varying widths (as in brush work or engraving).

Before the development of photography and of halftones, line art was the standard format for illustrations to be used in print publications, using black ink on white paper. Using either stippling or hatching, shades of gray could also be simulated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_art

Line is the path made by a moving point

Speed
density
rhythm

COLOR

Color The primary colors are: red, yellow, blue When two primaries are mixed they form secondary colors: Purple, green, orange Defining properties of color: Hue Value Chroma

A l b e r t M u n s e l

The quality by which we distinguish one color from another, as a red from a yellow, a green, a blue or a purple.

alue
The quality by which we distinguish a light color from a dark one.
- Albert Munsell -

Value refers to the lightness or darkness of A line or tone

- is the measurement of how pure a Hue is.

A l b e r t M u n s e l l

Color Relationships

Harmonies and Discords The most common color schemes are: Monochromatic Complementary Analogous

Monochromatic color schemes use one dominant color

Complementary color schemes use colors opposite each other on the color Wheel

Analogous Color Schemes are colors next to each other on the color Wheel

Composition refers to the arrangement of elements within the frame

TEXTURE
A COLOR ELEMENT THAT DEALS

MORE DIRECTLY WITH THE SENSE OF TOUCH CHARACTERISTIC OF SURFACES ROUGH OR SMOOTH, FINE OR COARSE, SHINY OR DULL, PLAIN OR IRREGULAR BEST APPRECIATED WHEN AN OBJECT IS FELT WITH HANDS

VOLUME

refers to the amount of

space occupied in 3 dimensions Refers to solidity or thickness

PHOTOGRAPHY
Different Types:

1. ADVERTISING PHOTOGRAPHY

illustrates a service or product; images generally done with an advertising company 2. EDITORIAL PHOTOGRAPHY illustrates a story or idea within the context of a magazine

3. PHOTOJOURNALISM

used for journalism work; photographs accepted as a documentation of a news story 4. PORTRAIT AND WEDDING PHOTOGRAPHY made and sold directly to the end user of the images 5. FINE ART PHOTOGRAPHY creative production of images using the camera, special lighting and other effects used for artistic expression

PHOTOGRAPHY REQUIRES:
1. THE SUBJECT main focus of your

photograph (sharpest object) 2. BACKGROUND & FOREGROUND what is behind & in front of the subject; should enhance beauty 3. RULE OF THIRDS artistic composition; the arrangement of elements within the frame

PHOTOGRAPHY REQUIRES
4. LIGHTING

avoid strong direct light on your subject and dark shadows; check the lighting of the background in relation to your subject 5. MOTION a fast shutter speed can freeze a motion; a slow shutter speed can make the image appear blurred

ELEMENTS OF PERFORMING ARTS

ELEMENTS OF PERFORMING ARTS

MUSIC Rhythm

Harmony
Tempo

Melody
Pitch

Dynamics
Timbre

ELEMENTS OF PERFORMING ARTS

DANCE Theme

Technique
Music

Design
Movement

Costume
Choreography

Scenery

ELEMENTS OF PERFORMING ARTS

LITERATURE

Emotional Appeal Intellectual Appeal

Humanistic Appeal

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

PLOT
CHARACTER/ DRAMATICS

PERSONAE CONFLICT IRONY

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

THEME OR IDEA

CLIMAX
MUSIC AND SPECTACLE

COSTUMES AND MAKE-UP

SETTING, SCENERY AND

LIGHTING

THE ELEMENTS OF CINEMA

1. Script or narrative 2. Acting 3. Production design 4. Staging or directing 5. Cinematography 6. Editing 7. Sound design

MUSIC

RHYTHM
The basic element of music

Variation of length & accentuation of a

series of sounds Most fundamental component: BEAT Beat the recurrent pulse found in most music

MELODY
Associated with mental motion
Memory element pitches or tones sounded one after

another in a logical meaningful series Succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give a musical sense

Pitch
Highness or lowness of

sound

HARMONY

Manner of sound combination

wherein we add subordinate sounds to enhance the quality of the main sounds The sounding of a series or group of tones at the same time or simultaneously

TEMPO

Refers to the speed of a certain

musical piece Measured by a device by the musical notes given half or full values May be slow, quick or moderate

DYNAMICS

Refers to the amount, strength,

or volume of the sound The degree of variations of sonority and force with which the music is played from soft to loud

TIMBRE

Refers to tone quality Helps differentiate one type of

voice from another or one instrument from another

THE VOCAL MUSIC

CORRECT POSTURE CORRECT BREATHING CORRECT PLACEMENT OF THE

VOICE CORRECT DICTION CORRECT INTERPRETATION

DANCE

ELEMENTS OF DANCE
1. THEME - Conveys the message of a dance

2. DESIGN pattern of movement in time

and space 3. MOVEMENT bodily actions of the dancer that include steps, gestures of the arms, hands and body, and facial expression

4. TECHNIQUE skill of movement executed by the dancer 5. MUSIC auditory background 6. COSTUME AND BODY PARAPHERNALIA 7. CHOREOGRAPHY - refers to the figures & steps in dancing that enable the dancers to perform in an organized manner 8. SCENERY background or setting where the dance is performed