BY Adrija Pandya Arkja Singh Disha Upreti Ekta Singh Prachi Agrawal

Stock Exchange or Share Market or Bourse a corporation or mutual organization provides "trading" facilities - stock brokers and traders- trade stocks and other securities provide facilities - issue and redemption of securities, other financial instruments, and capital events (payment of income and dividends) the securities traded on a stock exchange : shares issued by companies unit trusts and other pooled investment products bonds trade by members only most important component of a stock market

Stock Market Index a method of measuring a section of the stock market also many indices - compiled by news or financial services firms to benchmark the performance of portfolios eg. MF Types of Indices broad-base index represents the performance of a whole stock market eg. S&P 500 Index, the Japanese Nikkei 225, the Indian Sensex , the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index , etc. proxy reflects investor sentiment on the state of the economy eg. Morgan Stanley Biotech Index consists of 36 American firms in the biotechnology industry

Role of Stock Exchanges Raising Capital for Businesses Mobilizing Savings for Investment

Facilitating company growth

Redistribution of wealth Corporate governance Creating investment opportunities for small investors Government capital-raising for development projects Barometer of the economy

Requirements by Stock Exchanges includes minimum number of shares outstanding minimum market capitalization minimum annual income. companies have to meet the requirements in order to have their stocks and shares listed and traded requirements vary by stock exchange , eg. London Stock Exchange: a minimum market capitalization (700,000) 3 years of audited financial statements minimum public float (25 per cent) sufficient working capital for at least 12 months from the date of listing NASDAQ Stock Exchange: a company must have issued at least 1.25 million shares worth at least $70 million must have earned more than $11 million over the last 3 years New York Stock Exchange: a company must have issued at least a million shares of stock worth $100 million must have earned more than $10 million over the last three years

NASDAQ
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System Location New York City, United States Owner The NASDAQ OMX Group Founder National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), 1971 Key people

Robert Greifeld (CEO) H. Furlong Baldwin (Chairman)

Currency USD No. of listings 3,200 Fees Maker Taker Pricing System

NASDAQ Composite Indexes NASDAQ-100 NASDAQ Biotechnology Index

Website www.nasdaqomx.com

The London Stock Exchange (LSE)

Type: Stock Exchange Location: London, United Kingdom Owner: London Stock Exchange Group Key People: Clara Furse (CEO)

Christopher S. Gibson-Smith (Chaiman)

Currency: GBP No. of listings: 2,749

Indexes: FTSE 100 Index

FTSE 250 Index, FTSE 350 Index

Structure
The London Stock Exchange has four core areas:

Equity Market
Trading services Market data information Derivatives

American Stock Exchange (AMEX) Location: 86 Trinity Pl, Lower Manhattan, New York City New York
1921, expanded in 1931 American Stock Exchange

Built/Founded: Governing body:

 Until 1929 New York Curb Exchange 2008 Acquired by NYSE Euronext for $260 million in stock

MARKET
Shift from stocks to options and Exchange-traded funds. 1998 - the American Stock Exchange merged with the National Association of Securities Dealers (operators of NASDAQ) to create "The Nasdaq-Amex Market Group Most liberal policies Specialises in the trading of ETFs, and hybrid/structured securities. Large companies listed on the AMEX - British American Tobacco (BTI), Imperial OilLimited (IMO), Seaboard Corporation(SEB) and Bio-Rad Laboratories(BIO) etc. AMEX also produces stock market indices; perhaps the most notable of these is an index of stocks of internet companies now known as the Inter@ctive Week Internet Index.

Philadelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX)

Location: 1409-1411 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Built/Founded:1790 Governing body: Private Philadelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX) was the oldest stock exchange in the United States the exchange merged with the Baltimore Stock Exchange in 1949, the Washington Stock Exchange in 1954, and the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange in 1969

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE EURONEXT (NYSE Euronext)

Type Founded Headquarters Key people Revenue Public (NYSE: NYX, Euronext: NYX) April 4, 2007 New York City, New York, United States Duncan Niederauer (CEO) $4.158 billion USD (2007)

Operating income $909 million USD (2007) Net income Divisions Website $643 million USD (2007) New York Stock Exchange, Euronext, NYSE Arca, Euronext.liffe, Powernext, Alternext www.nyseeuronext.com

SWX Swiss Exchange SWX Swiss Exchange is Switzerland's stock exchange, based in Zrich The exchange also trades other securities such as Swiss government bonds and derivatives such as stock options The main stock market index for the SWX Swiss Exchange is the SMI, the Swiss Market Index The index consists of the 20 most significant equity-securities based on the free float market capitalisation

Standard & Poors

About S & P INDICES S&P 500 S&P 400 S&P 600 S&P 1500 E- Mini S&P worlds largest index provider provides unbiased equity analysis opinion on stocks around the world offers qualitative coverage on approximately 2,000 stocks consistent fundamental approach strong historical performance

S&P 500 contain the stocks of 500 Large-Cap corporations( mostly American) maintained by a division of McGraw-Hill forms part of the broader S&P 1500 and S&P Global 1200 stock market indices considered to be a bellwether for the US economy component of the Index of Leading Indicators in stock and mutual fund performance charts, the S&P 500 index is often used as a baseline for comparison used widely as an indicator of the broader market, as it includes both "growth" stocks and generally less volatile "value" stocks it also includes stocks from both the NASDAQ stock market and the NYSE earlier - market-value weighted - movements in price of companies that have higher market values have a greater effect on the index than companies with smaller market values. now- float weighted - only shares which S&P determines are available for public trading ("float") are counted eg. GOOG class A share (google)

S&P 400 more properly the S&P MidCap 400 includes American mid-cap companies with market capitalizations between $1.5 and $5.5 billion(may vary as per the price change) S&P 600 more properly S&P SmallCap 600 index includes American small-cap companies with market capitalizations between $300 million and $2 billion (may vary as per the price changes)

S&P 1500
more properly S&P 1500 Composite Index includes all stocks in the S&P 500, S&P 400, and S&P 600

E-mini S&P often abbreviated to "E-mini" designated by the symbol ES is a stock market index where futures contract is traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange's(CME) Globex electronic trading platform introduced by the CME in 1998 after the value of the existing S&P contract became too large for many small traders the most popular equity index futures contract in the world The E-Mini trades 23.5 hours a day, five days a week

Future of Stock Exchange

Appears to be electronic Electronic Communication Network (ECNs)

less chances of frauds

speedy transaction eliminating intermediaries

And thats all