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    Nonverbal Communication: Components Power and Functions of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal Comm

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    Jagath Khatri
    Nonverbal communication refers to communicating through means other than words, such as body language, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, touch, use of space, and clothing. It provides important context and meaning beyond the literal words. Some key aspects of nonverbal communication are that it is continuous, difficult to interpret accurately, culturally variable, and often conveys emotion or emphasis better than words alone. Common types of nonverbal cues include posture, gestures, facial expressions, paralanguage, haptics, physical appearance, clothing, proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and environmental factors.

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    Nonverbal Communication: Components Power and Functions of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal Comm

    Uploaded by

    Jagath Khatri
    18 views23 pages
    Nonverbal communication refers to communicating through means other than words, such as body language, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, touch, use of space, and clothing. It provides important context and meaning beyond the literal words. Some key aspects of nonverbal communication are that it is continuous, difficult to interpret accurately, culturally variable, and often conveys emotion or emphasis better than words alone. Common types of nonverbal cues include posture, gestures, facial expressions, paralanguage, haptics, physical appearance, clothing, proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and environmental factors.

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    Nonverbal communication refers to communicating through means other than words, such as body language, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, touch, use of space, and clothing. It provides important context and meaning beyond the literal words. Some key aspects of nonverbal communication are that it is continuous, difficult to interpret accurately, culturally variable, and often conveys emotion or emphasis better than words alone. Common types of nonverbal cues include posture, gestures, facial expressions, paralanguage, haptics, physical appearance, clothing, proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and environmental factors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    18 views23 pages

    Nonverbal Communication: Components Power and Functions of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal Comm

    Uploaded by

    Jagath Khatri
    Nonverbal communication refers to communicating through means other than words, such as body language, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, touch, use of space, and clothing. It provides important context and meaning beyond the literal words. Some key aspects of nonverbal communication are that it is continuous, difficult to interpret accurately, culturally variable, and often conveys emotion or emphasis better than words alone. Common types of nonverbal cues include posture, gestures, facial expressions, paralanguage, haptics, physical appearance, clothing, proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and environmental factors.

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    Nonverbal Communication

    Definition Components Power

    and functions of nonverbal Types of nonverbal comm.

    Definition
    Oral

    or nonoral messages expressed by other than linguistic means (Adler & Rodman, 2003, p. 150).

    Nonverbal can be
    Perceived

    by sender or receiver, or Intended as a message by the sender, or Interpreted by the receiver as intended. (Trenholm & Jensen, 2000)

    Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

    Nonverbal Communication Exists


    You can interpret others feelings No formal training needed to do this

    Nonverbal Behavior Has Communicative Value


    You cannot not communicate (think about this) We arent always aware of what we are communicating nonverbally Not everyone can interpret nonverbal clues

    Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

    Nonverbal communication assists with: Identity management


    the

    Presenting Self How we want others to view us

    Defining relationships Conveying emotions Difficult to convey ideas nonverbally

    Components, cont.

    Nonverbal comm. is ambiguous


    Difficult to interpret accurately Some emotions are easier to decode accurately than others SADFISH & L

    Sadness Anger Disgust Fear Interest Surprise Happiness Love

    Components, cont.
    Better

    senders of nonverbal messages are better receivers Decoding ability can be learned
    Extroverts better than dogmatics Women better than men No one has 100% accuracy

    Components, cont.

    Considerations when decoding NVC


    Context (situation) History of relationship with sender Others mood at the time Your feelings

    NV messages are CLUES not fact


    Nonverbal comm. is culture bound

    Verbal vs. Nonverbal


    Nonverbal

    communication operates on multiple channels Nonverbal communication is continuous and never ending Nonverbal communication can be unconscious

    The Power of Nonverbal Codes (Trenholm & Jensen, 2000)


    Nonverbal codes are given more credence and are more trusted than verbal codes. Nonverbal codes are more emotionally powerful. Nonverbal codes express more universal meaning. Nonverbal codes are continuous and natural. Nonverbal codes occur in clusters.

    Functions of Nonverbal

    Repeating

    Emblems: deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have precise meanings known to everyone within a culture group. Wave or Nod Emblems can replace a verbal message Nonverbal behavior matches verbal message

    Substituting

    Complementing

    Sincere apology Tone of voice and appropriate facial expression Scratching head when trying to think of something

    Illustrators

    Functions of Nonverbal

    Accenting

    Pointing your finger at someone when making a point

    Regulating

    Taking turns speaking has a pattern that we understand when it is our turn to talk, e.g. pauses, tone of voice
    Mixed messages Nonverbal message is believed more than verbal message Not all deception is self-serving or malicious Face saving High self-monitors are usually better at deception People whose jobs require them to act differently than they feel are better at it: actors, lawyers, diplomats, salespeople

    Contradicting

    Deceiving

    Types of Nonverbal Comm.

    Posture

    Kinesics: the study of body movements, gesture and posture. Mirroring posture makes good impression Posture reveals ones vulnerability to violence Fundamental behavior that even people blind from birth use gestures Manipulators: Movements in which one part of the body touches another body part Using manipulators is often a sign of discomfort but not always Also used when one is relaxed and lets guard down

    Gestures

    Types of Nonverbal, cont.

    Face

    Very complicated to discern facial expressions

    High number of facial expressions Facial expressions change quickly Affect blends: showing two emotions simultaneously

    Fearful and surprised Disgusted and angry

    Eyes

    Eye Contact The Window to the Soul Cultural differences

    Types of Nonverbal, cont.

    Voice Paralanguage: nonverbal vocal messages that reinforce or contradict our words

    Tone Speed Pitch Volume Pauses: Number and length Disfluencies (stammering, fillers Like) Sarcasm

    Types of Nonverbal, cont.

    Touch

    a.k.a. Haptics Babies died from lack of touching

    Disease called Marasmus means wasting away

    Touch increases a childs mental functioning and physical health

    Types of Nonverbal, cont.

    Physical Attractiveness

    People prefer others who they find attractive Beauty is in the eye of the beholder Three year olds already have opinions What can we do to be perceived as more attractive?

    Posture Gestures Facial expressions Physical fitness Choice of clothing

    Types of Nonverbal, cont.

    Clothing

    Conveys economic status, education level, social status moral standards, athletic ability and/or interests, belief system, level of sophistication We make assumptions about people based on clothing choices

    Flying on airplanes and courtesy of airline personnel Interviews Dates

    Distance

    Proxemics: the study of the way people and animals use space

    Intimate distance: Skin to 18 inches Personal distance: 18 inches to four feet Social distance: 4 feet to 12 feet Public distance: 12 feet to 25 feet

    Types of nonverbal, cont.

    Time

    Chronemics Cultural rules


    Polychronic Monochronic

    Geographic or Situational rules

    Types of nonverbal, cont.

    Territoriality

    Fixed Space (room, house, neighborhood, country) Not all territory is permanent library, computer lab Power and status relationships

    Knocking before entering More and/or better space is expected for higher status personnel

    Types of nonverbal, cont.

    Environmental

    Reflects Interaction

    Research: Photos of upper-middle-class homes Communicated accurate information about the homeowners: intellectualism, politeness, maturity, optimism, tenseness, willingness to risk, family orientations, and reservedness Home exteriors: Artistic interests, graciousness, privacy and quietness

    Types of nonverbal, cont.

    Environmental

    Shapes Interaction

    Research: Workers feel better and are more productive in attractive environment Building design shapes communication

    Cubicles, Open Space, Offices

    Use of space tells much about a person

    Want privacy Open to others

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