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    Controll Valve Presentaton

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    chayan_m_shah
    Control valves are devices that regulate fluid flow in process control systems. They keep a regulated process variable close to the desired set point by manipulating fluid flow to compensate for load disturbances. A control valve has two main components - a valve body assembly containing the fluid passageway and seating surfaces, and an actuator that provides force and motion to open and close the valve closure member. Common types of control valves include globe valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, and more. Parameters like flow coefficient (Cv), critical flow factor (Cf), and flow characteristics help define a control valve's performance. Cavitation and flashing are phenomena that can damage control valves and must be controlled through design considerations and accessories.

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    Controll Valve Presentaton

    Uploaded by

    chayan_m_shah
    132 views26 pages
    Control valves are devices that regulate fluid flow in process control systems. They keep a regulated process variable close to the desired set point by manipulating fluid flow to compensate for load disturbances. A control valve has two main components - a valve body assembly containing the fluid passageway and seating surfaces, and an actuator that provides force and motion to open and close the valve closure member. Common types of control valves include globe valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, and more. Parameters like flow coefficient (Cv), critical flow factor (Cf), and flow characteristics help define a control valve's performance. Cavitation and flashing are phenomena that can damage control valves and must be controlled through design considerations and accessories.

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    Control valves are devices that regulate fluid flow in process control systems. They keep a regulated process variable close to the desired set point by manipulating fluid flow to compensate for load disturbances. A control valve has two main components - a valve body assembly containing the fluid passageway and seating surfaces, and an actuator that provides force and motion to open and close the valve closure member. Common types of control valves include globe valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, and more. Parameters like flow coefficient (Cv), critical flow factor (Cf), and flow characteristics help define a control valve's performance. Cavitation and flashing are phenomena that can damage control valves and must be controlled through design considerations and accessories.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    132 views26 pages

    Controll Valve Presentaton

    Uploaded by

    chayan_m_shah
    Control valves are devices that regulate fluid flow in process control systems. They keep a regulated process variable close to the desired set point by manipulating fluid flow to compensate for load disturbances. A control valve has two main components - a valve body assembly containing the fluid passageway and seating surfaces, and an actuator that provides force and motion to open and close the valve closure member. Common types of control valves include globe valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, and more. Parameters like flow coefficient (Cv), critical flow factor (Cf), and flow characteristics help define a control valve's performance. Cavitation and flashing are phenomena that can damage control valves and must be controlled through design considerations and accessories.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    A PRESENTATION ON CONTROL VALVES

    Control Valves
    Control Valve: A power operated device, which regulates the fluid flow rate in a process control system.

    IMPORTANCE OF CONTROL VALVES

    The most common final control element in the process control industries is the control valve. It manipulates a flowing fluid, such as gas, steam, water, or chemical compounds, to compensate for the load disturbance Thus, keeps the regulated process variable as close as possible to the desired set point.

    COMPONENTS OF A CONTROL VALVE


    A control valve consists of two main sub-assemblies Valve body assembly: The main pressure boundary of
    the valve that also provides the pipe connecting ends, the fluid flow passageway, and supports the seating surfaces and the valve closure member.

    Actuator : An actuator is a fluid powered or electrically


    powered device, which supplies force and motion to a valve closure member.

    PARTS OF AN ACTUATOR

    PARTS OF VALVE BODY ASSEMBLY

    TYPES OF CONTROL VALVES


    .
    CONTROL VALVE

    SLIDING-STEM
    GLOBE DIAPHRAGM GATE PINCH

    ROTARY

    BUTTERFLY

    BALL

    * THRU-BORE * PARTIAL

    GLOBE VALVE
    Globe valve: A valve with a linear motion closure
    member, one or more ports and a body distinguished by a globular shaped cavity around the port region.

    Types of Globe Valve

    Simple Globe Valve

    Angle Valve

    Three Way Globe Valve

    Double Ported Globe Valve

    BUTTERFLY VALVE

    BALL VALVE

    FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
    Linear Rate of change of flow is same to rate of change of valve travel Equal% -Rate of change of flow due to change of valve travel is proportional to earlier flow Quick opening -This produces very high flow rate change ( 90%) for very small initial lifting (30%) of valve plug.

    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    Valve travel %

    90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00

    TYPES OF CAGES

    Selection of flow characteristic


    Equal percentage: # For fast process # When high rangeability is required # When system dynamics are not well known Quick opening : # For On-Off control. # When max. valve capacity must be obtained quickly. Linear : # For slow process. # When more than 40% of the system pressure drop occurs across the valve. # When major process changes are a result of load changes.

    PARAMETERS OF CONTROL VALVE


    CONTROL VALVE FLOW COEFFICIENT (Cv)
    Cv is the number of U.S. gallons per minute of water which will pass through a given flow restriction with a pressure drop of 1 psi.
    Cv = Q (p) (gpm/psi) where Q = flow p= differential pressure across the valve

    Eg. : A control valve which has a Cv of 12 has an effective port area in the full open position such that it passes 12gpm of water with 1 psi pressure drop.

    CRITICAL FLOW FACTOR(Cf)


    The critical flow factor (Cf) is effectively an index of pressure recovery in a control valve. High Cf values indicate low pressure recovery where a low Cf value is an indication of high pressure recovery.

    It is to be noted that streamlined valves such as Ball valves or Butterfly valves exhibit a high degree of pressure recovery. Globe valve style, on the other hand, exhibits a much small amount of pressure recovery.

    Cavitation
    It is the phenomenon that occurs only in liquid service. When the fluid accelerates to pass through the narrow restriction at the vena contracta,the pr. may drop below the vapor pr. of the fluid. This causes vapor bubbles to form. As the fluid continues past the vena contracta, as the flow area expands the the pressure builds again increasing the fluid pr. above the vapor pr. This pr. recovery causes the bubble to implode. The implosion releases high amount of energy, damages the valve internals and the body. This two stage process formation of bubble and its implosion is called cavitation.The release of the energy can easily be heard as a noise in the valve or in the downstream piping.

    CAVITATION DAMAGE

    CAVITATION CONTROLS
    SYSTEM DESIGN
    1. LOCATION OF VALVE 2. CASCADING MATERIAL SELECTION HARDEN MATERIAL, LIKE 17-4 pH, 440C, 420SST HT AND 316/COLMONOY 6 / ALLOY 6

    CAVITATION CONTROLS
    ANTI - CAVITATION PRODUCTS
    CCI DRAG DESIGN, UP TO 380 BAR PRESS. DROP. FISHER CAVITROL - III DESIGN CAVITROL - III WITH 1 STAGE- UP TO 99 BAR. CAVITROL - III 2-3 STAGES- 99 TO 207 BAR. CAVITROL -4 , ABOVE 200 BAR, SIZE LIMIT 2 TO 6. ABB INTROL DESIGN

    FLASHING
    Flashing is a process in which the pressure of the liquid falls below the vapour pressure thus leading to the formation of vapour bubbles. The subsequent flow will be two phase consisting partly of liquid and partly vapour. Flashing leads to high flow velocities which can damage both the trims and the body (sand blasting effect).

    FLASHING DAMAGE

    Accessories
    AFR : Air filter regulators are used to provide a clean and regulated air. Positioner : Applications on which they should be used include the following... * When the best possible control is required. * When max. loading pr.>20 psi is required. * When reversing action is necessary. * For split range operation. * For fast response.

    Thank you

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