Muscles of Mastication 2

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
SEBY J GARDENS
CONTENTS

Introduction Embryological development Masticator space Origin, Course, Insertion, Relation Muscles of Mastication Fascia- Masseteric, Temporalis, Pterygoid Mandibular sling Buccinator Muscle Nerve supply Blood supply Actions & Group actions Applied Anatomy Conclusion References
INTRODUCTION
EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPEMENT
Mesoderm of the 1st Branchial Arch
MASTICATOR SPACE
(PARVIZ)
CONTENTS
4 Muscles of Mastication Ramus & Posterior portion of body of

Mandible Fascia Masseteric , Pterygoid, Temporalis
MASSETER
Quadrilateral / Rectangular Covers lateral surface of Ramus of

mandible 3 superimposed layers, that blend anteriorly. (PARVIZ JANFAZA)
ORIGIN,
MOST ANTERIOR FIBRES
arises as a thick aponeurosis = Maxillary process of zygomatic bone(GRAYS) SUPERFICIAL (largest) = anterior 2/3 lower border, Zygomatic Arch
ORIGIN,
MIDDLE
= anterior 2/3
deep surface & lower border zygomatic arch
posterior 1/3
DEEP = posterior 1/3 deep surface zygomatic arch
Course of masseter
Superficial layer passes downwards&

backwards at an angle of 45 degree Middle & Deep Layer pass vertically downwards
INSERTION,
SUPERFICIAL, = posterior lower ,
& lateral surface, Ramus
MIDDLE DEEP
angle of mandible = central part, lateral, Ramus
= upper , lateral, Ramus & lateral surface,Coronoid Process
Middle & Deep layers together constitute

the deep part of the masseter, refd to in the NOMINA ANATOMICA ( MacDougall ,1955 ); they form a cruciate muscle (GRAYS)
RELATIONS,
SUPERFICIAL
Skin Platysma Risorius Zygomatic Major Antr part,Parotid Gland Parotid duct Facial n, terminal brs Transverse Facial vessels
DEEP
- Ramus - Lower part of Temporalis - Massetric n & a , reach the deep surface of m. by passing through the Dorsal part of Mandibular Incisure ANTERIORLY - Buccinator - Buccal n POSTERIORLY Parotid gland
PAROTID MASSETERIC FASCIA

Covers Masseter (except,as its deep upper
portion. Here there is a communication with fascial planes associated with the insertion of temporalis m.) &splits to invest ParotidGland
Attaches, Zygomatic arch

Lower border of Mandible Continues, Investing Cervical Fascia over Sternocleidomastoid m,
Extends deep & fuses with, Fascia of Posterior Belly of Digastric m. as Stylomandibular ligament.
Encircles, anteriorly- Ramus deep- Medial Pterygoid m. Fuses with, dense&tough superficial fascia covering parotid gland. Irregular septa into the gland.
TEMPORALIS
Fan shaped Fills Temporal Fossa
ORIGIN, Bones forming Temporal fossa (excluding zygomatic bone) Temporal Fascia (deep surface)
Course,
Antr fibres- vertically downwards Postr fibres horizontally forwards Intermediate obliquely
-------- converge to form a tendon (TEMPORALIS TENDON) & pass thr gap b/w Zygomatic arch and side of the skull
INSERTION,
Coronoid Process,
= deep (medial) surface + = margins (apex, anterior & posterior border) Ramus, anteromedial aspect, nearly to the last molar tooth (GOSLING)
RELATIONS,
SUPERFICIAL
-Skin -Auricularis anterior -Auricularis superior -Temporal branch-Facial n -Zygomatico temporal nerve -Superficial temporal a & v -Galea aponeurotica -Zygomatic arch -Masseter m
DEEP,
-Temporalis fossa -Lateral pterygoid m -Superficial head, medial pterygoid m -Buccinator m -Maxillary artery -Deep temporalis n -Buccal vessels & n
TEMPORAL FASCIA
The most cranial extension of the Deep
Cervical Fascia Thick Fibrous Aponeurotic sheets, covers Temporalis
Supr, single layered Superior Temporal Line Infr, splits into 2 layers inner&upper lips, upper bor, Zygo arch. Gap b/w 2, - Zygomatic br.of Superficial Temporal a. - Zygomaticotemporal n. Continues, Masseteric Fascia
Relations, Temporal Fascia

SUPERFICIAL- 1.Skin 2.Auricularis Anterior Auricularis Superior (gives origin to) 3.Superficial Temporal a & v 4.Auriculo-temporal N 5.Facial N temporal br 6.Galea Aponeurotica (Epicranial Aponeurosis) DEEP (gives origin to) superficial fibers of Temporalis
LATERAL PTERYGOID
2 heads upper, small
_ lower, large
ORIGIN
UPPER HEAD. = Infratemporal surface = Infratemporal crest of Greater Wing of Sphenoid LOWER HEAD = Lateral surface of Lateral Pterygoid Plate
Course,
Both heads converge &

run Backwards_laterally
INSERTION,
Pterygoid Fovea (a depression),

on Anterior surface, Neck of mandible Anterior margin of, Articular disc & Capsule of TMJ
INSERTION,
Pterygoid Fovea (a depression),

on Anterior surface, Neck of mandible Anterior margin of, Articular disc & Capsule of TMJ
Relations
key muscle of the region,because its relations provide a fair idea about the layout of structure in Infratemporal Fossa SUPERFICIAL 1.Ramus 2.Maxillary a 3.Tendon of temporalis 4.Masseter
DEEP
1.Deep head of Medial Pterygoid m. 2.Sphenomandibular Ligament 3.Middle Meningeal a 4.Mandibular n
STRUCTURES EMERGING AT THE UPPER BORDER 1.Masseteric n 2.Deep Temporal n STRUCTURES EMERGING AT THE LOWER BORDER 1.Lingual n 2.Infr.Alveolar n 3.Middle Meningeal a STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE GAP BETWEEN 2 HEADS 1.Maxillary a 2.Mandibular n, Buccal br Pterygoid Plexus Of Veins Surround The Lateral Pterygoid
MEDIAL PTERYGOID
Quadrilateral Muscle 2 heads Superficial, small
Deep, large
ORIGIN
Superficial
- Tuberosity of Maxilla - Grooved surface (Lateral aspect)of Pyramidal process,Palatine bone Deep - Medial surface,Lateral Pterygoid Plate adjoining part of Pyramidal process,Palatine Bone
course
Incline obliquely,
run Downwards_Backwards_Laterally
INSERTION
as a strong tendinous lamina,
Roughened area on the Medial surface of Angle adjoining part of Ramus below Mandibular Foramen behind Mylohyoid Groove
RELATIONS
SUPERFICIAL (upper part)- seperates Lateral
Lateral Pterygoid Plate Lingual Nerve Inf.Alveolar Nerve Superficial (lower part) seperates Ramus Lingual Nerve Inf. Alveolar Nerve Maxillary Artery Sphenomandibular Ligament Pterygoid
DEEP
Superior Constrictoranteriorly,tendinous band i.e. Pterygomandibular Raphe crossed by, Styloglossus m Stylopharyngeus m Stylohyoid ligament Glossopharyngeal n. Gap b/w upper border of superior constrictor & base of skull Tensor palati Levator palati Anterior to Tensor palati, Medial Pterygoid plate (I. Singh)
PTERYGOID FASCIA
Encases both Pterygoid muscles and attaches to
the Stylomandibular Ligament Between the sphenoid spine and the lingula of the mandible facial condensation to form the sphenomandibular ligament The terminal part of this facia between the sphenoid spine and the posterior margin of the lateral pterygoid muscle is called the pterygospinous ligament
MANDIBULAR SLING
Mac Conaill (1975) the most superficial
fibres of masseter are continuous at the lower border of the mandible with the attachment of the medial pterygoid m. The attachments of the medial pterygoid & the masseter muscle provide a muscular sling that suspends the angle of the of the jaw.
They provide a functional articulation b/w the maxilla & mandible,with the TMJ acting as a guide When the jaw opens or closes, the mandible moves along a center of rotation created by the attachment of the sling & the sphenomandibular ligament
Buccinator muscle
Which assists in chewing by helping ( to
keep food b/w upper & lower teeth) & (away from the cheeks) Is not classified as Muscle of Mastication as it does not move the mand (Mc Minns )
MOTOR NERVE INNERVATIONS, 5TH Cranial Nerve, Mandibular br.

MasseterTemporalis-Masseteric N -Antr & Postr Deep Temporal N Lat.Pterygoid -N to Lat.Pterygoid Med.Pterygoid- N to Med. pterygoid
Blood Supply
MAXILLARY ARTERY
(second part)
ACTION,
MASSETER
Elevation Protrusion / Protraction

( by, Anterior fibres )
ACTION,
TEMPORALIS
Elevation Retraction ( by, Posterior horizontal fibres )
ACTION, LATERAL PTERYGOID
Depression Protrusion Side to Side Movement
ACTION, MEDIAL PTERYGOID
Elevation Protrusion Side to Side Movement
ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF
MASTICATION
Digastric Geniohyoid Mylohyoid
Biomechanics
of the
MASTICATORY SYSTEM
( Hannam )
Applied Anatomy_ Surgical Implications
To Conclude.
REFERENCES,

Parviz, Surgical Anatomy of the head n neck, 2001,
Lippincott. Peter L Williams, Grays Anatomy, 38th 1995, Churchill Livingstone, Gosling, Human Anatomy- Color atlasa&text, 3rd ed 1996, Mosby-Wolfe. R.M.H.McMinn, Functional & Clinical Anatomy, 1995, Mosby. P.H.Abrahams, McMinns color atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th 2003, Mosby. Y.Ide, Anatomical Atlas of the TMJ, 1991, Quintessence. Inderbir Singh, TB orf Anatomy, 2nd 1999, Jaypee. B.D. Chaurasias, Human Anatomy vol III, 3rd 1999, CBS. W.E.McDevitt, Functional Anatomy of the Masticatory System, 1989, Wright
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Mesoderm of the 1st Branchial Arch

4 Muscles of Mastication Ramus & Posterior portion of body of

Quadrilateral / Rectangular Covers lateral surface of Ramus of

DEEP = posterior 1/3 deep surface zygomatic arch

Superficial layer passes downwards&

angle of mandible = central part, lateral, Ramus

= upper , lateral, Ramus & lateral surface,Coronoid Process

Middle & Deep layers together constitute

PAROTID MASSETERIC FASCIA

Attaches, Zygomatic arch

The most cranial extension of the Deep

Cervical Fascia Thick Fibrous Aponeurotic sheets, covers Temporalis

Relations, Temporal Fascia

Both heads converge &

Pterygoid Fovea (a depression),

Pterygoid Fovea (a depression),

1.Deep head of Medial Pterygoid m. 2.Sphenomandibular Ligament 3.Middle Meningeal a 4.Mandibular n

MOTOR NERVE INNERVATIONS, 5TH Cranial Nerve, Mandibular br.

Elevation Protrusion / Protraction

Elevation Retraction ( by, Posterior horizontal fibres )

ACTION, LATERAL PTERYGOID

Depression Protrusion Side to Side Movement

ACTION, MEDIAL PTERYGOID

Elevation Protrusion Side to Side Movement

Digastric Geniohyoid Mylohyoid

Applied Anatomy_ Surgical Implications

Parviz, Surgical Anatomy of the head n neck, 2001,

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