Sap Basis Overview

Overview
SAP Basis Functions
Learning Objectives
What the Basis system is How does SAP handle a transaction request Differentiating between the various work processes Understanding the basic functions of the Basis Module
SAP Technical Overview
The Software-Oriented View of R/3
The SAP R/3 System Architecture

Implications for Application Programming
Separate presentation and application layers implies that when you run an application program that requires user interaction, control of the program is continually passed backwards and forwards between layers. When a screen is ready for user input, the presentation layer is active, and the application server is inactive with regard to that particular program. As a consequence, the program logic in an application program that occurs between two screens is known as a DIALOG STEP. SAP Technical Overview
The SAP R/3 System Architecture Application Layer (cont.)

Application Server
R/3 programs run on application servers The APPLICATION SERVER communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using a MESSAGE SERVER. Main components: Work Processes (Dialog, Update, Enqueue, Batch, Spool) Dispatcher Gateway SAP Technical Message Server Overview
What happens when I send a request to SAP?
Application Server
Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI SAPGUI Office Internet
TCP/IP
Communication
Application
Dispatcher
IPC
Local Buffer
for R/3 Data,
Workprocess
Workprocess
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Remote SQL
Database
Dispatcher
Program which manages resources of the R/3 applications Receives requests from user and passes them to the corresponding work processes Only one dispatcher per application server
Dispatcher Tasks
Balances the workload between the processes Buffer management in main memory Connection with the presentation level Organization of the communication processes
Work Process
Responsible for executing R/3 application tasks
Task Handler ABAP/4 Processor Dialog Interpreter Database Interface
Work Process
Different Kind of Work Processes for different Tasks

Dialog Update Message V
M
Batch
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
SAP Dispatcher
1 2 3
Enqueue E
12
Spool
S Gateway
R/2
R/3
Dialog Work Processes

Responsible for the interactive tasks of the R/3 system Dialog work processes execute only one dialog step at a time and are immediately freed for the next user request Constantly switching between users
Dialog
Background Work Processes

Responsible for executing ABAP programs submitted for background execution Batch jobs schedule the sequence of program execution Used for running long and time consuming programs
Batch
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
12
1 2 3
Spool Work Processes

Responsible for formatting the data for printing and passing it to the host spool system Only one spool work process allowed per server
Spool
Enqueue Work Processes

Enqueue
Responsible for the lock management system Synchronizes database access for the multiple application servers and work processes Only one enqueue process per R/3 system to ensure data integrity
Update Work Processes

Update V
Responsible for making database changes requested by dialog and background processes For better performance, this process should be on the database server
V1 vs. V2 Update Processes

Update V
Time-critical processes are inside V1 and less critical ones within V2 Error situations in
V1 : changes rolled back and V2 components not executed V2 : only changes of V2 components rolled back
Message Server
Message
Used by different application servers to exchange data and internal messages Routes messages, such as update or batch job starts, between application servers One message server per system
Gateway Server
Gateway
R/2
R/3
Allows communication between R/3, R/2, and external applications Exchanges large amounts of information between application servers Gateway can reside on any of the connected systems
Work Processes
Number of work processes can only be changed after restarting the system Should have at least two dialog work processes Need to have at least one V1 and V2 processes Number of spool processes cannot be changed
Application Server
SAPGUI SAPGUI Office Internet
TCP/I P
Communication
Application
Dispatcher
IPC
Local Buffer
for R/3 Data,
Workprocess
Workprocess
Workprocess
Remote SQL
Database
Processing of a SAP Transaction (1)

SAPGUI
TCP/I P
1 Start Transaction 5
Assign User request to Workprocess
Communication
Application
2
IPC
Return data for next step
Dispatcher
Work3 process for R/3 Data, Local Buffer

Fetch data from buffer/database
Workprocess
Workprocess
Remote SQL
Database

SAPGUI
TCP/IP
6 5
Application
2
IPC
Return data for Dispatcher next step 7 Assign User 9 request to Workprocess Work-
10
Communication
process 8
Workprocess
Remote SQL
Database
Fetch data from buffer/database

SAPGUI
Request for update
TCP/IP
6 5
11 10 Dispatcher 7 9
Communication
Application
2
IPC
4
12 Workprocess
Workprocess 8
Remote SQL
Database
13
Update data on database
14
End transaction
SAP Communication Interfaces

Communication Interface
High Level Mail MAPI SMTP X.400 Business API ALE EDI IDOC
OLE SAP Technology RFC Q-API CPI-C
Low level
Communication System
Business Framework
Business Component
ALE
BAPI BAPI
Business Component
Business Component - contains business functionality BAPI - interface between the components ALE - integration of components
Business API (BAPI)

Defined method of a business object Standardized methods allow customers to integrate their software with R/3 Object-oriented in nature BAPIs from all development platforms that support the SAP Remote Function Call (RFC) protocol
Other Interfaces
Application Link Enabled (ALE) - Interface that links different SAP systems and external application systems
Transport special data structures known as IDOCS (Intermediate Documents)
Object Linking and Enabled (OLE) enables desktop users to access SAP data from many OLE client programs
Basic Functions of Basis
Basis Functions
Hardware and Database Administration User and Security Administration Client Maintenance Correction and Transport System (CTS) Data Dictionary Online Service System (OSS) Performance Monitoring and Tuning
Hardware and Database Administration

Hardware upgrades - adding memory or servers Database backup and recovery Database optimization Disaster Recovery
User Administration
Create users and assign profiles Modify, lock and unlock users Develop authorizations and profiles
Client Maintenance
Create clients Copy and refresh clients Client imports and exports Delete and remove clients Modify change options
Correction and Transport System

R/3 System R/3 System R/3 System
Change Request
Development
Quality Assurance
Production
Moving changes from one R/3 system to another
Online Service System (OSS)

OSS is a set of SAPs online services such as bug fixes and useful implementation information OSS Notes Hotpacks Remote Connections Send questions to SAP ABAP registration
Performance Monitoring and Tuning

Check database usage and storage capabilities Dialog response time Investigate ABAP short dumps Optimize performance characteristics
Computer Center Management System (CCMS)

Manages the entire system - database, application, operating system Collection of tools and utilities which allow you to monitor and manage the R/3 system Allows monitoring of multiple R/3 systems Comes FREE with each SAP system
Computer Center Management System (CCMS) functions

Starting and stopping instances Monitoring and analyzing workload Alert capabilities Operation modes and work process automatic reconfiguration Instance profile checking and maintenance Logon load balancing

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Overview

SAP Basis Functions

The Software-Oriented View of R/3

SAP Technical Overview

The SAP R/3 System Architecture

SAP Technical Overview

The SAP R/3 System Architecture Application Layer (cont.)

What happens when I send a request to SAP?

SAP Technical Overview

SAP Technical Overview

Different Kind of Work Processes for different Tasks

SAP Technical Overview

Dialog Work Processes

Background Work Processes

Spool Work Processes

Enqueue Work Processes

Update Work Processes

SAP Technical Overview

V1 vs. V2 Update Processes

Processing of a SAP Transaction (1)

Return data for next step

Work3 process for R/3 Data, Local Buffer

SAP Technical Overview

Processing of a SAP Transaction (2)

SAP Technical Overview

Processing of a SAP Transaction (3)

SAP Technical Overview

SAP Communication Interfaces

OLE SAP Technology RFC Q-API CPI-C

Business API (BAPI)

Basic Functions of Basis

Hardware and Database Administration

SAP Technical Overview

SAP Technical Overview

SAP Technical Overview

Correction and Transport System

Moving changes from one R/3 system to another

SAP Technical Overview

Online Service System (OSS)

Performance Monitoring and Tuning

SAP Technical Overview

Computer Center Management System (CCMS)

Computer Center Management System (CCMS) functions

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