This document discusses homeostasis and biological control systems. It defines homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment and steady state as the balance between demands on the body and its physiological response. The document explains that biological control systems work to regulate physiological variables through negative feedback loops involving receptors, integrating centers, and effectors. These systems aim to detect changes and reverse disturbances to maintain homeostasis, with more effective systems having higher gain. Examples of control of blood pressure, blood glucose, and the cellular stress response are provided.
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This document discusses homeostasis and biological control systems. It defines homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment and steady state as the balance between demands on the body and its physiological response. The document explains that biological control systems work to regulate physiological variables through negative feedback loops involving receptors, integrating centers, and effectors. These systems aim to detect changes and reverse disturbances to maintain homeostasis, with more effective systems having higher gain. Examples of control of blood pressure, blood glucose, and the cellular stress response are provided.
This document discusses homeostasis and biological control systems. It defines homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment and steady state as the balance between demands on the body and its physiological response. The document explains that biological control systems work to regulate physiological variables through negative feedback loops involving receptors, integrating centers, and effectors. These systems aim to detect changes and reverse disturbances to maintain homeostasis, with more effective systems having higher gain. Examples of control of blood pressure, blood glucose, and the cellular stress response are provided.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses homeostasis and biological control systems. It defines homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment and steady state as the balance between demands on the body and its physiological response. The document explains that biological control systems work to regulate physiological variables through negative feedback loops involving receptors, integrating centers, and effectors. These systems aim to detect changes and reverse disturbances to maintain homeostasis, with more effective systems having higher gain. Examples of control of blood pressure, blood glucose, and the cellular stress response are provided.
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LECTURE 1 Control of the Internal Environment
PHYSIOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES Adapted from Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 5th edition Scott K. Powers & Edward T. Howley Presentation revised and updated by
MOHD SANI MADON (PhD) UPSI 2011
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives Define the terms homeostasis and steady state Diagram and discuss a biological control system Give an example of a biological control system Explain negative feedback Define what is meant by the gain of a control system (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy
Homeostasis Maintenance of a constant internal environment
Steady state Balance between demands placed on body and the physiological response to those demands
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Body Core Temperature During Exercise
Fig 2.2 (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Blood Pressure at Rest
Fig 2.3 (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Control Systems of the Body
Goal To regulate some physiological variable at or near constant value
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Non-Biological Control System
in room Temperature below 200 C Room temperature Returns to 200 C Room Temperature Signals thermostat To turn off heat
Thermostat set at 200 C
Heating System Fig 2.4
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Biological Control Systems
Series of interconnected components that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter at or near constant Receptor Capable of detecting changes
Integrating center Assesses input and initiates response
Effector Corrects changes to internal environment (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Components of a Biological Control System
Fig 2.5 (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Negative Feedback Most biological control systems Response reverses the initial disturbance in homeostasis
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gain of a Control System
Gain of the system Degree to which the control system maintains homeostasis System with large gain is more capable of maintaining homeostasis
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example: Regulation of Blood Pressure
Fig 2.6 (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example: Regulation of Blood Glucose
Fig 2.7 (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example: Cellular Stress Response
Fig 2.8 (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Exercise: A Test of Homeostatic Control
Submaximal exercise in a cool environment The bodys control systems can maintain steady state
Maximal exercise or exercise in a hot/humid environment
May not be able to maintain steady state Severe disturbances in homeostasis can occur (c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effect of An Acute Antioxidant Supplementation Compared With Placebo On Performance and Hormonal Response During A High Volume Resistance Training Session
The Effect of An Acute Antioxidant Supplementation Compared With Placebo On Performance and Hormonal Response During A High Volume Resistance Training Session
