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    Law of Friction: Surface Between Two Bodies Oppose Relative Motion

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    pradeep kumar
    The document discusses the properties and measurement of friction. It can be summarized as: 1) Frictional force acts along the surface between two bodies and opposes their relative motion. The maximum static frictional force before an object begins to move is called the limiting friction. 2) The limiting and kinetic frictional forces are directly proportional to the normal reaction force and depend on the type of materials in contact. 3) The coefficient of friction can be determined by finding the angle at which an object placed on an inclined plane is just about to slip, as the coefficient equals the tangent of this angle.

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    Law of Friction: Surface Between Two Bodies Oppose Relative Motion

    Uploaded by

    pradeep kumar
    112 views11 pages
    The document discusses the properties and measurement of friction. It can be summarized as: 1) Frictional force acts along the surface between two bodies and opposes their relative motion. The maximum static frictional force before an object begins to move is called the limiting friction. 2) The limiting and kinetic frictional forces are directly proportional to the normal reaction force and depend on the type of materials in contact. 3) The coefficient of friction can be determined by finding the angle at which an object placed on an inclined plane is just about to slip, as the coefficient equals the tangent of this angle.

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    Original Title

    1.2 Law of Friction

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    The document discusses the properties and measurement of friction. It can be summarized as: 1) Frictional force acts along the surface between two bodies and opposes their relative motion. The maximum static frictional force before an object begins to move is called the limiting friction. 2) The limiting and kinetic frictional forces are directly proportional to the normal reaction force and depend on the type of materials in contact. 3) The coefficient of friction can be determined by finding the angle at which an object placed on an inclined plane is just about to slip, as the coefficient equals the tangent of this angle.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    112 views11 pages

    Law of Friction: Surface Between Two Bodies Oppose Relative Motion

    Uploaded by

    pradeep kumar
    The document discusses the properties and measurement of friction. It can be summarized as: 1) Frictional force acts along the surface between two bodies and opposes their relative motion. The maximum static frictional force before an object begins to move is called the limiting friction. 2) The limiting and kinetic frictional forces are directly proportional to the normal reaction force and depend on the type of materials in contact. 3) The coefficient of friction can be determined by finding the angle at which an object placed on an inclined plane is just about to slip, as the coefficient equals the tangent of this angle.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 11

    Law of friction

    Properties of frictional force 1. 2. act along the surface between two bodies act in a direction so as to oppose relative motion of the surfaces.
    1

    Limiting friction
    Applied force FA

    Frictional force f

    If the block remains at rest, f = FA The frictional force to be overcome before it moves is called limiting friction.

    Limiting friction
    FA / N
    Applied force FA

    f/N
    0 1 2 3

    0 1 2 3

    Frictional force f

    4 5

    3 3

    Limiting friction = 3 N

    Limiting friction
    Applied force FA f/N At rest 3 Moving

    Frictional force f

    2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
    Static friction Kinetic friction
    4

    Limiting friction = 3 N

    FA / N

    Limiting friction
    f/N
    At rest Moving

    3 2 1
    0 1 2 3 4 5 Static friction Kinetic friction FA / N

    Kinetic / Dynamic friction is the frictional force acting on an object when it is moving.
    Static friction is the frictional force when the object is stationary.

    Friction f Static friction f f Kinetic friction

    From experiment, limiting friction f is slightly greater than kinetic friction f.


    i.e. f > f Suppose f = 3.1 N, f = 3N A force of 3.1 N is required to make the block move. But once the block is moving, a force of 3 N only is required to keep the block moving.

    Applied force F

    For simplicity, take f = f

    Law of friction

    Normal reaction N Applied force FA

    Frictional force f

    1.

    2.

    The limiting frictional force f is directly proportional to the normal reaction N exerted by the surface. i.e. f N or f = mN where m is a constant called coefficient of limiting friction. The kinetic frictional force f is directly proportional to the normal reaction N exerted by the surface. i.e. f N or f = mN where m is a constant called coefficient of kinetic friction.

    For simplicity, take f = f = mN and m = m


    7

    For simplicity, take f = f = mN and m = m


    If the surface is smooth, m = 0 f = 0 N Coefficient of friction depends on the two contacting materials.
    Rubber Rubber Concrete (Dry) Concrete (Wet) m = 0.6 0.85 m = 0.45 0.75

    Frictional force does not depend on the area of contact of the surfaces.
    8

    A block of mass 2 kg starts from rest, sliding down a rough inclined plane making an angle of 30o with the horizontal. Length of plane is 8 m. It takes 4 seconds to reach the bottom. Find the coefficient of kinetic friction.

    Solution: t = 4 s, s = 8 m, u = 0 ms-1 By s = ut + at2 8 = 0(4) + a(4)2 a = 1 ms-2 mg sin 30o f = ma (2)(10)sin 30o f = (2)(1) f=8N R = mg cos 30o = 17.32 N By f = mR 8 = m(17.32) m = 0.462

    f
    8m mg

    30o

    For the following situation, find the least coefficient of friction between the ground and the ladder.

    S smooth

    N
    60o f A 250 N

    N = 250 Newton Take moment about A, S x 4 sin 60o = 250 x 2 cos 60o S = 72.17 Newton f = S = 72.17 Newton The ladder is about to slip, f = mN 72.17 = m x 250 m = 0.289

    10

    How to find coefficient of limiting friction? p 22

    The coefficient of limiting friction, m, can be found by placing the block on a surface and tilting the latter to an angle q at which the block is just about to slip.
    N

    f q

    mg

    Along the plane: f = mg sin q --- (1) Perpendicular to the plane: N = mg cos q --- (2) Since the block is just about to slip, f = mN --- (3) Sub (3) into (1): mN = mg sin q --- (4) (4)/(2): m = tan q
    11

    Hence, the coefficient of limiting friction is just tan q.

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