Circulatory System

Homeostasis
Your body tries to keep itself balanced (temperature, blood sugar, water level, etc) This is called homeostasis and if you lose homeostasis you can die. The circulatory systems helps maintain homeostasis by transporting oxygen, nutrients, and wastes. It is the bodys transportation network
What is the circulatory system?

The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places in the body.
The Heart pumps blood and substances around the

body in tubes called blood vessels.
The Heart and blood vessels together make up the Circulatory System.
Types of Circulatory Systems

Open Systems Small Invertebrates Closed Systems - Vertebrates
Fish 2 chamber heart Amphibians/Reptiles 3 chamber heart Mammals 4 chamber heart
Insects Open System Blood isnt contained in vessels It is part of interstitial fluid (fluid between cells) Fish 2 chamber, 1 circuit Blood flows in a loop to gills, body, and back Heart has 2 chambers 1 In and 1 Out Reptiles/Amphibians 3 chamber, 2 circuit Blood flows in a loop to lungs and skin with a 2nd loop to the body Heart has 3 chambers 2 In and 1 Out Mammals 4 chamber, 2 circuit Blood flows in a loop to lungs with a 2nd loop to the body Heart has 4 chambers 2 In and 2 Out
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts.
Lungs
the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.
the left side of the system deals with
oxygenated
blood.
Body cells
The Heart
This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs. These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart.
2 atria 2 ventricles
Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply
The heart has four chambers
now lets look inside the heart
The Heart
Artery to Lungs (Pulmonary Artery) Vein from Head and Body (Vena Cava) Artery to Head and Body (Aorta) Vein from Lungs (Pulmonary Vein)
Right Atrium Valve Stops blood from flowing backwards Right Ventricle
Left Atrium valve
Left Ventricle (Thicker muscle because it needs to pump blood to the entire body)
How does the Heart work? STEP ONE

blood from the body blood from the lungs The heart beat begins when the heart muscles relax and blood flows into the atria.
How does the Heart work? STEP TWO
The atria then contract and

the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles.
How does the Heart work? STEP THREE

The valves close to stop blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing the blood to leave the heart. At the same time, the atria are relaxing and once again filling with blood.
The cycle then repeats itself.
Heart Muscle
Cardiac Muscle is a specialized muscle fiber
Does not tire Twitches to a beat Even when cut out they keep beating
How do we make sure they stay in sync?

A specialized cardiac muscle called the pacemaker sets the rate It generates electrical signals, which spread through the heart making all parts contract together. If it fails, an artificial pacemaker is needed to control the heartbeat
Hearts need oxygen too. If an artery to the heart gets blocked, cardiac cells will die. This is called a heart attack.
A stroke is when an artery to the brain gets blocked. Both are extremely dangerous and related to cholesterol deposits clogging arteries.
Blood Vessels
Blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels
There are 5 types of blood vessels:
a. b. c. d. e.
ARTERY Away from heart ARTERIOLE Mini artery CAPILLARY through body VENULE Mini vein VEIN Toward heart
The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
The elastic fibers allow the artery to stretch under pressure

thick muscle and elastic fibers
Arterioles are just smaller versions like streams branching off rivers
The thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.
The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart. Veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction.
thin muscle and elastic fibres

Venules are just smaller versions like streams feeding into rivers Body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.
The CAPILLARY
The vessel of blood to cell exchange
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that extend through your entire body.
The wall of a capillary is only one cell thick
They exchange materials between the blood and other body cells.
The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
arteriole venule
body cell Capillary beds connect arterioles to venules.
capillaries
More on Capillaries
All the capillaries in your body could wrap around the earth twice. They are just big enough for RBCs to get through singlefile They have very thin walls so that nutrients can diffuse out and waste can diffuse in.
Tiny muscle rings open and close access to capillaries. Only 5-10% of your capillaries have blood flowing through them at a time When you eat a meal, your body closes capillaries to your muscles and opens them in your stomach It does the opposite when you exercise This is why its hard to work out right after eating.
BLOOD FLOW:
1 The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs via 2 the pulmonary arteries. 3 As the blood flows through capillaries in the lungs, it takes up O2 and unloads CO2. 4 Oxygen-rich blood flows back through the pulmonary veins to 5 the left atrium.
6 It enters the left ventricle, which pumps blood to the systemic circuit through 7 the aorta. 8 Some branches off to the head, chest, and arms. The rest goes to the lower body. It branches off into arterioles and capillaries that run through each organ tissue and is then collected by venules which join into veins.
9 Oxygen-poor blood from the upper body is channeled into a large vein called the superior vena cava and from the lower body into the inferior vena cava 10 The two venae cavae empty into the right atrium. As the blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle, we complete our journey.
Whats in
digested food red blood cells
white blood cells
oxygen
waste (urea)
carbon dioxide plasma
platelets hormones
The Blood
red blood cell
white blood cell
platelets
plasma
Red Blood Cells

A biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus Contain hemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it.
Can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is poisonous because it binds to hemoglobin and prevents RBCs from carrying O2
White Blood Cells

There are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.
The two main ones are the lymphocytes and the macrophages.
Macrophages eat and digest microorganisms .
Some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them. other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells.
Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibers to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot. This stops a cut from bleeding They also release signals telling nearby cells to divide and repair the cut
Plasma
It also contains things like: carbon dioxide
A strawcolored liquid that carries the cells and the platelets.
glucose amino acids proteins minerals vitamins hormones waste materials like urea.
SUMMARY
Copy and complete the following;
away from the heart. The walls of an artery Arteries take blood ______
muscular walls and elastic fibers. Veins are made up of thick _________
towards the heart and also have valves. The carry blood ________ capillaries link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. _________
plasma the liquid part of the Blood is made up of four main things ______,
oxygen White Blood cells to protect blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; platelets to help blood clot. the body from disease and _________

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Homeostasis

What is the circulatory system?

The Heart pumps blood and substances around the

Types of Circulatory Systems

the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.

the left side of the system deals with

Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply

The heart has four chambers

now lets look inside the heart

Left Atrium valve

How does the Heart work? STEP ONE

How does the Heart work? STEP TWO

The atria then contract and

How does the Heart work? STEP THREE

The cycle then repeats itself.

How do we make sure they stay in sync?

The elastic fibers allow the artery to stretch under pressure

The thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.

thin muscle and elastic fibres

The wall of a capillary is only one cell thick

body cell Capillary beds connect arterioles to venules.

white blood cells

carbon dioxide plasma

red blood cell

white blood cell

Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells

A strawcolored liquid that carries the cells and the platelets.

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