Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 211 views

    Lipogenesis

    Uploaded by

    jzllfrncsc
    Biochemistry report about the synthesis of fatty acids which is called Lipogenesis. This includes the processes and enzymes involved, the summarized chemical reaction of the process and other important details

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lipogenesis

    Uploaded by

    jzllfrncsc
    211 views30 pages
    Biochemistry report about the synthesis of fatty acids which is called Lipogenesis. This includes the processes and enzymes involved, the summarized chemical reaction of the process and other important details

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Biochemistry report about the synthesis of fatty acids which is called Lipogenesis. This includes the processes and enzymes involved, the summarized chemical reaction of the process and other important details

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    211 views30 pages

    Lipogenesis

    Uploaded by

    jzllfrncsc
    Biochemistry report about the synthesis of fatty acids which is called Lipogenesis. This includes the processes and enzymes involved, the summarized chemical reaction of the process and other important details

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 30

    Synthesis of Long-chain Fatty Acids

    Formerly considered

    Reversal of oxidation within the mitochondria

    Fatty acids are synthesized by an

    Now

    extramitochondrial system Responsible for complete synthesis of Palmitate from Acetyl-CoA in the Cystosol

    Glucose

    Most mammals Primary substrate for lipogenesis Ruminants (Mammals with four-chambered stomachs and two-toed foot) Main fuel molecule produced by the diet Primary substrate

    Acetate

    Present in: Liver, kidney, adipose tissue, and

    lactating mammary glands.

    Site: Cytosol/ Cytoplasm of the cell

    Carried out by two enzyme systems:


    Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Fatty Acid Synthase

    1.

    Production of Acetyl-CoA and NADPH Biosynthesis of Malonyl-CoA Reactions of Fatty Acid Synthase Complex

    2.

    3.

    Sources of NADPH:
    Pentose Phosphate Pathway
    Main source Its oxidative reactions are the chief source of the hydrogen required for the reductive synthesis of fatty acids.

    Malate enzyme
    NADP Enzyme dehydrogenase Enzyme in the conversion of malate to pyruvate

    Isocitrate dehydrogenase
    Probably not a substantial source.

    Acetyl-CoA is the principal building block of Fatty Acids.


    Formed from carbohydrate (eg. Glucose) via the oxidation of pyruvate within the mitochondria. Citric acid cycle

    Source of the 2 carbon sub-units added to the growing FA chain on FA synthase complex Requirements:

    Bicarbonate (for the initial reaction for the carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA) ATP Enzyme: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
    3 Components of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase:

    1.Biotin carboxylase 2.Biotin carboxylase carrier protein 3.Transcarboxylase Co-enzyme: Biotin (the enzyme prosthetic group)

    Transfer of carboxyl to Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA

    Catalyzed by: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

    O CH3- C S-CoA
    -OOC-CH 2

    C S-CoA

    Acetyl-CoA
    Enz-BiotinEnz-Biotin- *COO *COO-

    Malonyl-CoA
    Enz- Biotin

    ADP + Pi

    * -ATP ATP + + H*CO HCO 3 3

    Carboxylation of Biotin involving ATP

    Fatty Acid Synthase Complex

    A polypeptide containing seven enzyme activities. A dimer of two identical polypeptide monomers, 1 and 2, each consisting of: Seven enzyme activities:
    a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Ketoacyl synthase Acetyl transacylase Malonyl transacylase Hydratase Enoyl reductase Ketoacyl reductase Thioesterase

    Acyl carrier protein (ACP)

    Enzyme: Acetyl transacylase


    O CH3 C

    ~S CoA

    HSPan

    1 CysHS
    ACETYL TRANSACYLASE

    HSCys

    2 PanHS

    HS CoA

    CysS

    O CCH3

    2 PanS

    Enzyme: Malonyl transacylase


    HSPan

    1 CysHS

    HOOCCH2C
    HSCys

    S CoA

    2 PanHS

    Malonyl Transacylase O CCH3 CCH2COOH O

    HS CoA

    CysS ~

    2 PanS ~

    Acetyl (acyl)malonyl enzyme

    O
    1

    Enzyme: 3-ketoacyl synthase


    Acetyl group
    Methylene group

    CysS

    CCH3 CCH2COOH

    2 PanS

    O
    3-ketoacyl synthase CO2
    1

    CysSH

    3-Ketoacyl enzyme (acetoacetyl enzyme) O

    2 PanS

    CCH2 CCH3 O

    Enzyme: 3- ketoacyl reductase


    1

    CysSH

    O 2 PanS CCH2CCH3 O

    NADPH
    NADP+
    1

    3-Ketoacyl enzyme (acetoacetyl enzyme)


    3-Ketoacyl Reductase

    CysSH

    OH
    2 PanS CCH2 CHCH3 O -hydroxyacyl enzyme

    CysSH

    Enzyme: Hydratase
    OH CCH2COOH CHCH3 -hydroxyacyl enzyme

    2 PanS

    O
    H2O
    1

    Hydratase

    CysSH

    2 PanS

    CCH CHCH3 O 2,3- Unsaturated acyl enzyme

    CysSH

    Enzyme: Enoyl reductase

    2 PanS

    CCH CHCH3
    O

    2,3- Unsaturated acyl enzyme

    NADPH
    Enoyl Reductase

    NADP+
    1

    CysSH

    Saturated acyl enzyme CCH2CH2CH3 O

    2 PanS

    The sequence of reactions:

    Repeated 6 more times New malonyl residue being incorporated during each sequence until a saturated 16-carbon acyl radical (palmityl) has been assembled. Enzyme: Thioesterase (deacylase)

    CH2CO S CoA + 7HOOCCH2CO S CoA + 14NADPH + 14H+ CH3(CH2)14COOH +7CO2 + 6H2O + 8CoA SH + 14NADP+

    Two centers of activity in one dimer complex that function independently and simultaneously.

    http://oregonstate.edu/dept/biochem/hhmi/ hhmiclasses/biochem/lectnoteskga/2kjan19l ecturenotes.html Harpers Biochemistry, 25th Edition

    You might also like