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    Gravity Assist Maneuver

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    Adrian Arasu
    Planetary gravity assist maneuvers can increase the speed of interplanetary spacecraft without expending propellant. During a flyby, a planet's gravity pulls on the spacecraft and increases or decreases its velocity relative to the sun. This "stolen" velocity provides a free change in speed that lowers the fuel needed for missions. As the spacecraft exits the planet's sphere of influence, it gains a new trajectory and velocity vector towards its destination planet. Gravity assists conserve energy by imparting a tiny amount of momentum to the flyby planet, slightly changing its orbit around the sun. They have been used to reduce travel times and fuel requirements for missions like those going from Earth to Jupiter.

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    Gravity Assist Maneuver

    Uploaded by

    Adrian Arasu
    218 views13 pages
    Planetary gravity assist maneuvers can increase the speed of interplanetary spacecraft without expending propellant. During a flyby, a planet's gravity pulls on the spacecraft and increases or decreases its velocity relative to the sun. This "stolen" velocity provides a free change in speed that lowers the fuel needed for missions. As the spacecraft exits the planet's sphere of influence, it gains a new trajectory and velocity vector towards its destination planet. Gravity assists conserve energy by imparting a tiny amount of momentum to the flyby planet, slightly changing its orbit around the sun. They have been used to reduce travel times and fuel requirements for missions like those going from Earth to Jupiter.

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    Planetary gravity assist maneuvers can increase the speed of interplanetary spacecraft without expending propellant. During a flyby, a planet's gravity pulls on the spacecraft and increases or decreases its velocity relative to the sun. This "stolen" velocity provides a free change in speed that lowers the fuel needed for missions. As the spacecraft exits the planet's sphere of influence, it gains a new trajectory and velocity vector towards its destination planet. Gravity assists conserve energy by imparting a tiny amount of momentum to the flyby planet, slightly changing its orbit around the sun. They have been used to reduce travel times and fuel requirements for missions like those going from Earth to Jupiter.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    218 views13 pages

    Gravity Assist Maneuver

    Uploaded by

    Adrian Arasu
    Planetary gravity assist maneuvers can increase the speed of interplanetary spacecraft without expending propellant. During a flyby, a planet's gravity pulls on the spacecraft and increases or decreases its velocity relative to the sun. This "stolen" velocity provides a free change in speed that lowers the fuel needed for missions. As the spacecraft exits the planet's sphere of influence, it gains a new trajectory and velocity vector towards its destination planet. Gravity assists conserve energy by imparting a tiny amount of momentum to the flyby planet, slightly changing its orbit around the sun. They have been used to reduce travel times and fuel requirements for missions like those going from Earth to Jupiter.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Interplanetary Mission using

    Planetary Gravity Assist


    Maneuver
    Introduction
    One problem with interplanetary travel is that it
    takes so long.

    The alternative to spending long periods in
    heliocentric transfer orbits to reach other planets is
    to increase speed.

    Speed can be increased by expending more fuel,
    but it can also be increased by use of planetary
    gravity assist maneuver.


    Gravity Assist Maneuver
    Also known as planetary flyby trajectory,
    slingshot maneuver, swingby trajectory.

    Useful in interplanetary missions to obtain a
    velocity change without expending propellant.

    This free velocity change is provided by the
    gravitational field of the flyby planet and can be
    used to lower the Av cost of a mission.

    Gravity Assist Maneuver
    This gravity assist technique uses a planets
    gravitational field and orbital velocity to sling shot
    a spacecraft, changing its velocity (in magnitude
    and direction) with respect to the Sun.

    Gravity-assisted velocity changes are not totally
    free. Actually, the spacecraft steals velocity from
    the planet, causing the planet to speed up or slow
    down ever so slightly in its orbit around the Sun.

    Gravity assist can also bend the spacecrafts
    trajectory.
    How does Gravity Assist Work?
    As a spacecraft enters a planets sphere of
    influence, it coasts on a hyperbolic trajectory
    around the planet.

    Then, the planet pulls it in the direction of the
    planets motion, thus increasing (or decreasing) its
    velocity relative to the Sun.

    As it leaves the SOI at the far end of the
    hyperbolic trajectory, the spacecraft has a new
    velocity and direction to take it to another planet.
    Gravity Assist Maneuver








    Spacecraft passing Spacecraft passing
    behind a planet in front of a planet
    Gravity Assist Maneuver









    Gravity Assist Maneuver










    Slingshot referenced to the planet Mars
    1 2 P P
    V V =
    1
    1
    2sin
    e
    u

    | |
    =
    |
    \ .
    Gravity Assist Maneuver











    Slingshot referenced to the Sun
    out in
    V V =
    Gravity Assist Maneuver
    Slingshots do not change the velocity relative to
    the planet.

    As the probes velocity has increased its kinetic
    energy must have changed relative to the Sun.
    Energy must be conserved, so this energy must
    have come from somewhere. The kinetic energy has
    come from the planet, deflecting its orbit by a tiny
    amount.

    Gravity Assist Maneuver







    Transfer to Jupiter
    with a Mars Flyby
    Gravity Assist Maneuver
    Orbit pumping (A gravity assist that changes the
    magnitude of a spacecrafts velocity).

    Orbit cranking (Using a planets gravity to change
    the direction of travel).
    Reference(s)
    Douglas J Hopper, Interplanetary Flight Using the
    Planetary Gravity Assist Maneuver, A Project Report.
    Website:http://www.dept.aoe.vt.edu/~cdhall/courses/mec
    h533/Reports92b.pdf

    http://www.philsrockets.org.uk/interplanetary.pdf

    http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designe
    es_delegations/designee_types/ame/media/Section%20III.4
    .1.6%20Interplanetary%20Travel.pdf

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