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    Spinal Immobilization - Hatem Alsrour

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    hatem alsrour
    This document provides information on spinal immobilization techniques. It defines spinal immobilization as techniques used to minimize risk of further injury to the spine in cases of potential spinal injury. The purposes of immobilization are to stabilize the cervical spine and prevent additional movement that could worsen injury. Techniques described include manual in-line stabilization of the head and neck, application of a cervical collar, and use of a long spine board with the log roll technique to transfer a patient while maintaining spinal alignment. Proper examination and immobilization are crucial to prevent further harm when spinal injury may be present.

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    Spinal Immobilization - Hatem Alsrour

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    hatem alsrour
    451 views22 pages
    This document provides information on spinal immobilization techniques. It defines spinal immobilization as techniques used to minimize risk of further injury to the spine in cases of potential spinal injury. The purposes of immobilization are to stabilize the cervical spine and prevent additional movement that could worsen injury. Techniques described include manual in-line stabilization of the head and neck, application of a cervical collar, and use of a long spine board with the log roll technique to transfer a patient while maintaining spinal alignment. Proper examination and immobilization are crucial to prevent further harm when spinal injury may be present.

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    Spinal Immobilization Hatem alsrour King Saud University College of Nursing

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    This document provides information on spinal immobilization techniques. It defines spinal immobilization as techniques used to minimize risk of further injury to the spine in cases of potential spinal injury. The purposes of immobilization are to stabilize the cervical spine and prevent additional movement that could worsen injury. Techniques described include manual in-line stabilization of the head and neck, application of a cervical collar, and use of a long spine board with the log roll technique to transfer a patient while maintaining spinal alignment. Proper examination and immobilization are crucial to prevent further harm when spinal injury may be present.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    451 views22 pages

    Spinal Immobilization - Hatem Alsrour

    Uploaded by

    hatem alsrour
    This document provides information on spinal immobilization techniques. It defines spinal immobilization as techniques used to minimize risk of further injury to the spine in cases of potential spinal injury. The purposes of immobilization are to stabilize the cervical spine and prevent additional movement that could worsen injury. Techniques described include manual in-line stabilization of the head and neck, application of a cervical collar, and use of a long spine board with the log roll technique to transfer a patient while maintaining spinal alignment. Proper examination and immobilization are crucial to prevent further harm when spinal injury may be present.

    Copyright:

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    of 22

    King Saud University

    College of Nursing

    SPINAL IMMOBILIZATION

    Hatem Alsrour
    The objectives :

    What is spinal immobilization


    ,mechanisms of spinal injury ?

    What is the purpose of spinal


    immobilization ?

    How can I perform spinal


    immobilization(techniques) ,
    recognize the materials used?
    What is spinal
    immobilization?
    Spinal Immobilization : It is a set
    of techniques that performed for
    any person
    who may have spinal injury, or have
    neurological changes due to the
    mechanism of injury.
    Mechanisms of spinal
    injury
    (blunt & penetrating which is obvious )
    Blunt:
    The types of forces that causes spinal
    injury:
    Hyperextension, Hyperflexion,
    Compression, Distraction, Rotation.
    *Hyperextension, Hyperflexion:

    Hyperextension: injuries appear in


    19% to 38% of SCI
    and occur when the spine is arched
    backwards beyond
    This type of injury is seen most
    commonly in the upper
    cervical section of the spinal cord
    thoracic and lumbar hyperextension
    injuries are less common.
    Causes :motor vehicles without head
    rests.

    Hyperflexion : Hyperflexion injuries


    appear when the spine is arched
    forwards beyond normal limits.
    Causes : motor vehicle crashes ,
    *Compression: Compression injuries
    occur when the spinal cord is
    compressed
    Impact.
    Compression injuries are often caused by:
    • Diving injuries.
    • Impacting windscreens in motor vehicle.

    *Distraction: Distraction injuries are


    an .overstretching of the spinal cord
    Distraction injuries are often caused
    by:
    • Hanging injuries.
    • Playground injuries to children.
    *Rotation:
    Rotational injuries occur when head
    and body rotate in
    opposite directions resulting in
    twisting of the muscle,
    ligaments, vertebrae and / or spinal
    cord.
    Rotational injuries are often caused by:
    • Motor vehicle rollovers.
    • Ejections from a motor vehicle.
    THE PURPOSE OF SPINAL
    IMMOBILIZATION:

    The purpose of spinal


    immobilization is to either
    minimize or prevent injury to the
    spinal cord, the spinal nerve roots
    and/or vertebrae.
    Perform spinal
    immobilization:
    Before stabilizing the patient you
    should examine the motor and
    sensory function and it takes
    between 20 - 30
    seconds to complete.
    By checking the following:
    :*Sensory exam of the 4 limbs
    examining upper body sensation
    across the back of both hands
    against sensation in the forehead.
    lower body sensation is checked by
    examining sensation under both
    knees and comparing
    sensation against the forehead.

    *Motor exam by grasping both of the


    Officer’s hands to confirm motor
    nerve function is present, and
    compare the .patient’s strength in
    both hands
    Lower body motor function is checked
    by
    ask the pt to push downwards against
    the Officer’s hands with both feet to
    confirm motor
    nerve function is present, and
    compare the patient’s
    strength in both legs.
    Techniques that used in stabilizing
    the spine:
    1.Manual in line stabilization.
    2.Cevical collars.
    3.Log roll ( long spine board).
    Manual in line stabilization:
    The aim of Manual In-Line
    stabilization is twofold:
    • To provide immediate temporary
    stabilization of the cervical spine.
    • To join the head to the chest to
    stabilize the neck.
    Without the use of devices

    How to do it?
    From behind the patient, the Officer places their
    hands over the patient’s ears.
    • The Officer then places thumbs of each hand against
    the posterior aspect of the patient’s skull and at the
    same time the Officer places both of their little fingers
    just above the patient’s angle of the mandible.
    • The Officer now places their index and ring fingers of
    each hand on either side of the appropriate cheek
    bone of the patient.
    • If the patient’s head is not in the neutral in-line
    position, slowly realign it
    :Cervical collars
    Training Requirements: 2 x Staff
    1 x Patient
    1 x Cervical Collar

    How to do it?
    1.performs Manual In-Line Stabilisation
    One of the staff should maintain in manual until pt
    immobilized.
    2.selects the appropriate size Cervical Collar
    3.apply the Cervical Collar by sliding the Cervical
    Collar
    In sideways from the right side.
    Once the Cervical Collar has been slid in behind
    the
    patient, Officer 2 locates & holds the Collar
    Long spine board :
    (LSB) provides one of the most versatile tools
    available for the prehospital environment allowing
    for multiple uses including a patient lifting device,
    transfer
    platform, patient protection during vehicle cutting,
    spinal immobilisation, leg or pelvic
    fracture splint, extrication tool, etc.

    The most technique used with LSB is Log Roll


    technique. (log roll 4 persons , 2 persons )
    The log roll technique is one of the most commonly
    used manoeuvres for moving a patient
    onto a Long Spine Board (LSB), as there is a current
    belief that it maintains adequate spine
    alignment, whether the patient is found in the supine,
    LOG ROLL - 4 PERSON

    Training Requirements: 4 x Staff


    1 x Patient
    1 x Cervical Collar
    1 x Long Spine Board (LSB)
    1 x Blanket
    1 x Towel
    1 x Hand / Wrist Airsplint

    First :cevical collar


    While Manual In-Line Stabilisation is
    maintained by Officer 1
    at the patient’s head Officer 2 applies
    a
    Cervical Collar and places the LSB
    alongside the Officer 1.
    Officer 2 grasps the far side of the
    patient at the
    Officer 3 kneels next to Officer 2 and
    shoulder and just above the elbow..
    grasps the patient’s
    pelvic bone. Officer 3’s lower hand
    grasps both trouser
    cuffs at the ankles.
    Second:
    With Officer 2 at the chest in charge,
    the patient is carefully
    log rolled until right angles to the
    ground.
    Officer 1 at the head watches the
    patient’s torso turn and
    maintains manual support of the
    head, rotating it exactly
    with the torso.
    Officer 3 at the patient’s legs assists
    with rotation of the
    patient’s torso and takes the weight
    of the patient’s pelvis,
    again watching the torso. The
    patient’s lower legs roll onto
    Officer 2’s lower foot to prevent
    pelvic drooping.
    :Third
    Before rolling the patient down
    onto the LSB, and if
    appropriate, cut away the clothing
    covering the patient’s
    back and examine this area for
    injuries.
    A folded blanket running the length
    of the patient’s posterior
    body (head to feet) can be placed
    against the patient
    to improve comfort after the
    patient is laid back on the
    LSB.15-18 This will also assist in
    the later removal of the
    patient off the LSB.
    Four:
    Officer 4 slides the LSB in against the patient’s
    back and
    elevates the side of the LSB furthest from the
    patient at a
    45º angle towards the patient’s back. Align the

    Lower the patient and elevated side of the LSB


    down onto
    the ground together, with the LSB assisting to
    maintain
    alignment of the patient, again with Officer 2 at
    the patient’s
    Keeping the patient in the neutral in-
    line position, gently
    adjust the patient’s position sideways
    so that the patient is
    centred on the LSB.

    Apply appropriate padding under the


    patient’s head and
    lumbar spine to maintain proper
    alignment of the spinal
    column11 and for comfort.12 Immobilise
    the patient onto the
    LSB for transport
    Thanks

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