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    Malaysian Studies Week 3

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    Keeve Wong
    This document provides an overview of the political process in Malaysia during the week 3 topic, which focuses on the colonization era. It discusses factors that led to British and Japanese intervention in Malaysia and their political, economic, and social impacts. Students are asked to read about and analyze the colonization period, including the establishment of old Malay kingdoms, the history of Malacca, and the colonization by European powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, and British as well as the Japanese occupation. They are also asked to consider the reactions of local Malaysians to colonization and complete assessment tasks.

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    Malaysian Studies Week 3

    Uploaded by

    Keeve Wong
    665 views33 pages
    This document provides an overview of the political process in Malaysia during the week 3 topic, which focuses on the colonization era. It discusses factors that led to British and Japanese intervention in Malaysia and their political, economic, and social impacts. Students are asked to read about and analyze the colonization period, including the establishment of old Malay kingdoms, the history of Malacca, and the colonization by European powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, and British as well as the Japanese occupation. They are also asked to consider the reactions of local Malaysians to colonization and complete assessment tasks.

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    The History of Malaysia

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    This document provides an overview of the political process in Malaysia during the week 3 topic, which focuses on the colonization era. It discusses factors that led to British and Japanese intervention in Malaysia and their political, economic, and social impacts. Students are asked to read about and analyze the colonization period, including the establishment of old Malay kingdoms, the history of Malacca, and the colonization by European powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, and British as well as the Japanese occupation. They are also asked to consider the reactions of local Malaysians to colonization and complete assessment tasks.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    665 views33 pages

    Malaysian Studies Week 3

    Uploaded by

    Keeve Wong
    This document provides an overview of the political process in Malaysia during the week 3 topic, which focuses on the colonization era. It discusses factors that led to British and Japanese intervention in Malaysia and their political, economic, and social impacts. Students are asked to read about and analyze the colonization period, including the establishment of old Malay kingdoms, the history of Malacca, and the colonization by European powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, and British as well as the Japanese occupation. They are also asked to consider the reactions of local Malaysians to colonization and complete assessment tasks.

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    You are on page 1of 33

    Week 3 : Political Process in Malaysia

    Part 2: Political Process in Malaysia 2.1 Colonization Era - Factors that lead to British & Japanese intervention - Reaction from the locals Political, Economical and Social Impacts

    Students should be able to: a) state the factors that lead to the British and Japanese intervention b) explain the impacts of British and Japanese intervention. c) reflect the value of independence

    Read text on Japanese Occupation (Malaysian Studies, pg. 48-50) Read the power point slides on Introduction and General Background of Colonization Era in Malaya Watch Video on British Colonization

    Answer Structure and T&F questions via Times.

    Task 1
    Read the power point slides on the following topics:
    1. Old Malay Kingdoms 2. History of Malacca Kingdom 3. Colonization Era in Malaya (Western Powers)
    1. The factors 2. The impacts

    TOPIC 1: OLD MALAY KINGDOMS

    OLD MALAY KINGDOMS


    Funan (1st century)
    Located in present Kampuchea

    Kedah Tua / Old Kedah (5th century)


    Located in Kampung Sungai Emas & Pengkalan Bujang Monarchy system Important entrepot Influenced by Hinduism & Buddhism

    OLD MALAY KINGDOMS


    Langkasuka (2nd century)
    Located in Patani Merong Maha Wangsa History Important entrepot Influenced by Hinduism & Buddhism

    Srivijaya (7th century)


    Located in Sumatera Well known trade center Strong relationship with China & India.

    OLD MALAY KINGDOMS


    Majapahit (13th century)
    Located in Jawa Trade centre

    OLD MALAY KINGDOMS

    TOPIC 2: HISTORY OF MALACCA

    HISTORY OF MALACCA
    INTRODUCTION
    Was founded by Parameswara in 1400 (1403). Prince from Palembang, Sumatera. The name of Malacca
    Sejarah Melayu (Malay Sources): Pokok Buah Melaka (Melaka Tree). Arab source: the word malakat means market. Hindu source: tree of amalaka.

    Period 1400-1511

    HISTORY OF MALACCA

    THE GOLDEN AGE OF MALACCA


    POLITICS
    o Monarchy o Support by the concept of Daulat and Tulah. o Administration: Sistem Pembesar Empat Lipatan

    Bendahara : Prime Minister Laksamana : Defense Minister Temenggung : Chief Police Penghulu Bendahari : Finance Minister

    THE GOLDEN AGE OF MALACCA


    ECONOMY
    o Maritime o International Habour/Port
    strategic protected from Monsoon complete with facilities.

    o Centre of Spice trading o Use Currency: pitis made of tin. o Tax: reasonable and the rate base on the location.

    MALACCA PORT

    Spices

    THE GOLDEN AGE OF MALACCA


    SOCIAL
    o People
    Malay Orang Asal (native people) Chinese Peranakan (Baba Nyonya) Tamil Muslim

    o Religion
    Hindu Islam

    o Custom
    Adat Temenggung (Sumatera)

    THE GOLDEN AGE OF MALACCA


    SOCIAL
    o Language
    Bahasa Melayu : Lingua Franca

    o Law
    Hukum Kanun Melaka Undang-undang Laut Melaka influence from custom and Islamic principles.

    THE DOWNFALL OF MALACCA


    The Factors:
    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. no capable leader after the death of Tun Perak. corruption and weak administration society are not united economic downturn: higher tax rate attacked from Portuguesa 1511

    Topic 3: COLONIZATION IN MALAYA

    COLONIZATION ERA
    PORTUGUESE 1511-1641
    reasons:
    gold spice glory empire gospel religion (Christian)

    influence only limited in Malacca.

    DUTCH 1641-1824
    reasons:
    to control spice monopoly in Malacca tin

    influence only limited in Malacca.

    COLONIZATION ERA
    BRITISH 1770-1957
    factors:
    Internal political conflict Natural resources (gold, tin etc.) Potential market for British manufactured goods. (impact of industrial revolution) Opening of Suez Canal and telegraph Competition between western powers

    manage to control all states in Malaya.

    THE IMPACT OF BRITISH COLONIZATION


    POLITICS 1. Western Bureaucratic system 2. Western law 3. Ruler (Sultan) lose power 4. Local leader (pembesar) lose power, right and influence. 5. Formation of Strait Settlement (NNS), Federal State (NNMB) & Non federated Malay State (NNMTB).

    THE IMPACT OF BRITISH COLONIZATION


    ECONOMICS 1. Exploitation in the production of natural resources, such as tin mining. 2. Control & monopoly in business and industry. 3. Introduce modern economics system (Capitalism) 4. New crop, ex: rubber, palm oil. 5. Higher tax.

    THE IMPACT OF BRITISH COLONIZATION


    SOCIAL 1. New facilities, ex: Hospital, Clinic, Railways, Road, Telephone, Water & Electricity. 2. Urbanization, ex: Ipoh, Seremban, Kuala Lumpur. 3. Education vernacular system (Malay, Indian, Chinese, English school & Religious School).

    THE IMPACT OF BRITISH COLONIZATION


    4. Multi racial community 5. Disunity among the people. Why? 6. Rule & Divide Policy.

    Colonization in Malaya
    Portuguese Dutch British Siamese Japanese

    1511-1641
    (130 years)

    1641-1824 (183 years)

    1824-1942 & 1945-1957 (130 years) Colonized the whole peninsular Malaysia in two phases.

    1821-1909 ( 88 years)

    Colonized the entire country.

    Mainly in Malacca. Was opposed by the Malay.

    Mainly in Malacca. Did not leave many traces. Focused more on Indonesia.

    Mainly in the northern states of Peninsular; Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan.

    Great influence on the life of people , in terms of relations between races.

    Did not leave many traces.

    Was opposed by the Malays, received help from the Bugis.

    Left behind significant influence (politics, economic & social)

    Great influenced especially in religion (Buddhism) and arts.

    Opposed by the whole country.


    26

    Task 2
    Read text on Japanese Occupation Mardiana Nordin & Hasnah Hussin (2011). Malaysian Studies. Shah Alam: Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. pg. 48-50

    TASK 3
    Click on the link below to watch a documentary on British colonization. You will learn the effects of British colonization on Malaya. http://youtu.be/nncOcrKpT8E

    Task 4
    Complete the tutorial exercise and submit your answer via Times (Submission folder) before 10 March 2013, 7.00 pm.

    Task 5
    Read the slides on the topic of Reaction from locals.

    REACTION FROM LOCAL


    The people oppose British rule in Malaya. It can be divided into two phase: The 1st phase
    the factors The ruler and local leader lose power & control exploitation in the natural resources taxation system (too high) Intervention in local customs and practices (ex: slavery, shifting cultivation & head hunter) The method of struggle armed struggle / radical result: fail. Why? no strategy poor equipment no unity. Why? Strong local sentiment among the Malays individually oriented no clear mission & objective.

    REACTION FROM LOCAL


    The 2nd phase is also known as Moderate movement (1930 1957). Characteristics of the struggle:
    Methods: using mind and words, diplomacy, negotiations etc. Form organization & united Have strategy Mass media : printed media
    Education system Emergence of intellectuals group External influence Japanese Occupation 1941-1945 Mass media

    Factors:

    Result: success
    Spreading of nationalism sentiment to the people.

    THANK YOU.

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