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    Science Form 1 Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    Chai Fui Sim
    The document discusses the composition and properties of air. It states that air is made up primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide. It provides details on the properties of oxygen and carbon dioxide, including their solubility, effects on burning/glowing wood, and reaction with acid-base indicators. The document also discusses the roles of oxygen in respiration and combustion. Respiration provides energy to cells from food with the help of oxygen, while combustion is the rapid reaction of oxygen with fuels to produce heat, light, and waste gases. Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are introduced into the air from sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and waste burning.

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    Science Form 1 Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    Chai Fui Sim
    176 views11 pages
    The document discusses the composition and properties of air. It states that air is made up primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide. It provides details on the properties of oxygen and carbon dioxide, including their solubility, effects on burning/glowing wood, and reaction with acid-base indicators. The document also discusses the roles of oxygen in respiration and combustion. Respiration provides energy to cells from food with the help of oxygen, while combustion is the rapid reaction of oxygen with fuels to produce heat, light, and waste gases. Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are introduced into the air from sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and waste burning.

    Original Description:

    The Air Around Us

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    The document discusses the composition and properties of air. It states that air is made up primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide. It provides details on the properties of oxygen and carbon dioxide, including their solubility, effects on burning/glowing wood, and reaction with acid-base indicators. The document also discusses the roles of oxygen in respiration and combustion. Respiration provides energy to cells from food with the help of oxygen, while combustion is the rapid reaction of oxygen with fuels to produce heat, light, and waste gases. Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are introduced into the air from sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and waste burning.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    176 views11 pages

    Science Form 1 Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    Chai Fui Sim
    The document discusses the composition and properties of air. It states that air is made up primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide. It provides details on the properties of oxygen and carbon dioxide, including their solubility, effects on burning/glowing wood, and reaction with acid-base indicators. The document also discusses the roles of oxygen in respiration and combustion. Respiration provides energy to cells from food with the help of oxygen, while combustion is the rapid reaction of oxygen with fuels to produce heat, light, and waste gases. Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are introduced into the air from sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and waste burning.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Chapter 5: The Air Around Us

    (Revision)

    5.1 What is Air Made Up of?


    Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases (helium, argon, xenon, neon, krypton and radon. Air is a mixture because the composition of air is not fixed. Air is odourless and colourless. Nitrogen is the largest component of air (78%) Air also contains water vapour, microorganism and dust.

    Composition of air by volume:


    Inert gases(gas nadir) and others (0.97%) Carbon dioxide (0.03%) Nitrogen (78%)

    Oxygen (21%)

    5.2 The Properties of oxygen and Carbon Dioxide


    Properties
    Solubility in water Solubility in sodium hydroxide solution Effect on glowing wooden splinter Effect on burning wooden splinter

    Oxygen
    Slightly soluble Not soluble The splinter ignites (oxygen supports burning) Splinter burns more brightly (oxygen supports burning) Oxygen has no effect on blue litmus paper or red litmus paper (oxygen is a neutral gas)

    Carbon dioxide
    Slightly soluble Very soluble The splinter goes out (Carbon dioxide does not support burning) Splinter goes out (Carbon dioxide does not support burning)

    Effect on moist blue litmus paper and red litmus paper

    Blue litmus paper: Changes to red. Red litmus paper: No change of colour. (carbon dioxide is an acidic gas)

    Effect on lime water


    Effect on bicarbonate indicator

    No change
    No change

    Lime water turns cloudy


    Changes the colour of bicarbonate indicator from red to yellow

    Identification Tests
    Oxygen
    Oxygen makes a burning splinter burns brighter and relights or rekindles a glowing splinter

    Carbon dioxide

    Carbon dioxide turns lime water chalky or cloudy

    5.3 Oxygen is Needed in Respiration


    Respiration is a process whereby our body obtains energy from food. Respiration takes place in the cells body. Respiration needs oxygen.
    Oxygen Energy Carbon dioxide Food (sugar) Water

    Comparison between the composition of inhaled air and exhaled air


    Composition Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water vapour Nitrogen Inhaled air 21% 0.03% Less 78% Exhaled air 16% 4% More 78%

    5.4 Oxygen is Needed in Combustion


    Combustion is also known as burning. Combustion is a fast chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen.
    Carbon dioxide

    Oxygen

    Heat Energy
    Substance (fuels) Light Energy

    Three conditions for combustion to take place

    Enough amount of heat

    Products of combustion
    Carbon
    Examples of carbon: charcoal, coal, firewood. Products of carbon combustion: Carbon dioxide Heat energy Light energy

    Hydrocarbon
    Examples of hydrocarbon: kerosene, diesel, petrol. Products of hydrocarbon combustion: Carbon dioxide Heat energy Light energy Water

    a) b) c)

    a) b) c) d)

    5.5 Air Pollution


    Air pollution occurs when substances that are harmful to us and the environment are present in the air. Table below shows some examples of air pollutants, their sources and effects on human beings and the environment.

    Air pollutant
    Dust, soot, smoke

    Source
    Forest fires, burning of rubbish Burning of petrol, industrial activities Cigarette smoking, smoke from motor vehicles Burning of fossils fuels/rubbish Aerosol sprays, electronic factories Burning of leaded petrol Acid rain

    Effect
    Breathing difficulties

    Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide


    Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Lead (plumbum)

    Brain damage, death Greenhouse effect Damage to ozone layer, skin cancer, eye diseases Mental retardation in children

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