Clinical Update in Type 2 Diabetes: - A Case Discussion - Dr. Yancey R. Holmes, MD, FACE - Ohio Valley Endocrinology

Clinical Update in Type 2 Diabetes
A Case Discussion Dr. Yancey R. Holmes, MD, FACE Ohio Valley Endocrinology
Topics for Discussion

Glycemic Targets Therapeutic Agents Case Discussion
Glycemic Targets
American Diabetes Association American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
HbA1c Fasting glucose Post prandial glucose Hypoglycemia
Pharmacologic Agents
Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides Metformin Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors Thiazolidinediones Dipeptidyl Pepdidase-4 Inhibitors
Welchol Incretin Mimetic GLP-1 AgonistsGLP-1 Analogs Amylin Analogs
Human Insulin
Regular NPH
Analog Insulin
Rapid Basal Mix
Special Considerations
Heart Disease Renal Impairment Liver Disease Frailty Weight Gain
Case Discussion
Case 1
56 year old man referred by cardiologist Diabetes diagnosed during hospitalization for acute MI associated with pulmonary edema BMI 32 NYHA Class III functional status
Case 1
HbA1c 8.6% Serum creatinine 1.3 Discloses that he aint takin no damn shots!
Case 1 Discussion
Drug naive patient with ischemic heart disease and systolic dysfunction Confrontational needle-phobe
Case 1
Metformin: Will it get to goal? Sulfonylurea: Hypoglycemia concerns? TZDs: Fluid retention? DPP-4 Inhibitors?
Case 2a
42 year old woman referred by friend Strong family history. Symptoms of post prandial fatigue. Currently at her highest body weight. Exercise is infrequent
Case 2a
BMI 36 HbA1c 7.8% Expresses a good understanding of recommended lifestyle changes.
Case 2a
Metformin Sulfonylurea TZD DPP-4 Injections???
Case 2b
After successful adoption of healthy lifestyle changes and metformin she maintains HbA1c less than 6.5% over the next three years She presents for follow up to discuss options to address weight gain and diabetes BMI 32
Case 2b
9 months ago HbA1c 7.3%
Metformin was titrated to 1000 mg bid

Back on track with exercise and associated 6 pound weight loss
Case 2b
Recent job change, stressed out. Feels certain she can get back on track without additional medicaiton
Now HbA1c 7.8%

Weight is up 12 pounds from last visit Very frustrated with weight gain and constant hunger
Case 2b
Metformin titration to 2500 mg? Addition of Sulfonylurea? Addition of TZD? Addition of DPP-4 Inhibitor? Addition of Basal Insulin Addition of a GLP-1 Agent
Case 3a
40 year old man currently on Metformin and SU maximal dose FBG 160-180 PPG 160-200 HbA1c 8.2% BMI 27
Case 3a
Addition of third oral agent? Addition of GLP-1/Amylin Introduction of insulin?
Human vs. Analog? What kind of dosing regimen?
Case 3b
Addition of basal insulin helped maintain good glycemic control over the next 18 months Now HbA1c 7.8% FBG 100-140 PPG 180-220
Case 3b
Oral agents? Mealtime insulin Mealtime amylin Should anything be discontinued?
Case 4a
38 year old man presents for assessment after family member tests a blood sugar of 400 He has already adopted many good dietary changes and saw the educator at the health department Blood sugars range from 180-250 HbA1c 9.8% BMI 31
Case 4a
Metformin with continued lifestyle modification? Combination agent? Insulin? GLP-1/Amylin?
Case 4b
After 5 years of maintaining HbA1c <7% on combination Metformin+TZD blood sugars are elevated HbA1c 8.2% 15 pound weight gain over past 3-6 months
Case 4b
Third oral agent? Insulin? GLP-1/Amylin?
Case 5
60 year old woman with type 2 diabetes for 2 years treated with SU HbA1c has ranged from 8.2-6.8% over that time. Currently it is 7.5% Recent attempts to titrate SU have lead to frequent hypoglycemia, particularly with exercise She has been trying to exercise to stop her steady weight gain of 20 pounds over the past year
Case 5
Metformin? DPP-4? TZD? Insulin? GLP-1/Amylin?
Case 6
36 year old woman recently relocated to your area presents for first visit Diabetes diagnosed last year. Subacute onset of symptoms with passive 15 pound weight loss Started on Metformin and titrated to 1000 mg twice daily with good response
Case 6
Over past two months she has had recurrence of symptoms Blood sugars frequently in the 300+ range No change in routine Has experienced a 25 pound passive weight loss HbA1c now 10.5%
Case 6
Additional oral therapy? GLP-1/Amylin? What is her diagnosis?
Thank you

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Clinical Update in Type 2 Diabetes

Topics for Discussion

6 months ago HbA1c 6.4%

Now HbA1c 7.8%

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