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    BIO311 Dlecture 5

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    - Discussion sections and pre-concept tests start this week for students. There will also be a faculty fellows lunch tomorrow. Lecture attendance is expected and there will be periodic attendance checks and graded in-lecture activities. - Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which focused on the diversity of organisms and led to the development of evolutionary theory. The book proposed evolution by natural selection and descent with modification. - Alfred Russel Wallace independently developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, sending a letter with this idea to Darwin in 1858, shortly before Darwin published his work.

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    BIO311 Dlecture 5

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    - Discussion sections and pre-concept tests start this week for students. There will also be a faculty fellows lunch tomorrow. Lecture attendance is expected and there will be periodic attendance checks and graded in-lecture activities. - Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which focused on the diversity of organisms and led to the development of evolutionary theory. The book proposed evolution by natural selection and descent with modification. - Alfred Russel Wallace independently developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, sending a letter with this idea to Darwin in 1858, shortly before Darwin published his work.

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    - Discussion sections and pre-concept tests start this week for students. There will also be a faculty fellows lunch tomorrow. Lecture attendance is expected and there will be periodic attendance checks and graded in-lecture activities. - Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which focused on the diversity of organisms and led to the development of evolutionary theory. The book proposed evolution by natural selection and descent with modification. - Alfred Russel Wallace independently developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, sending a letter with this idea to Darwin in 1858, shortly before Darwin published his work.

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    46 views25 pages

    BIO311 Dlecture 5

    Uploaded by

    man_with_a_nickel
    - Discussion sections and pre-concept tests start this week for students. There will also be a faculty fellows lunch tomorrow. Lecture attendance is expected and there will be periodic attendance checks and graded in-lecture activities. - Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which focused on the diversity of organisms and led to the development of evolutionary theory. The book proposed evolution by natural selection and descent with modification. - Alfred Russel Wallace independently developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, sending a letter with this idea to Darwin in 1858, shortly before Darwin published his work.

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    Announcements

    Discussion sections start this week. You will take a short pre-concept test-bring a pencil (it will not influence your grade in the course). First Faculty Fellows Dining with Students lunch tomorrow, Tuesday, Sept. 10, Noon, Jester City Limits. Reminder: Lecture attendance is expected and to your benefit. I will take attendance periodically, as I did last Friday, and there will be graded lecture activities throughout the semester.

    The Origin of Species


    A new era of biology began in 1859 when Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species. The Origin of Species focused biologists attention on the great diversity of organisms. And in fact, it is this knowledge of diversity that lead to the development of evolutionary theory and our understanding of the processes of evolution today.

    The Origin of Species The book that shook the world One long argument for evolution

    http://darwin-online.org.uk/
    20 years in the making

    Darwin noted that current species are descendants of ancestral species. Evolution can be defined by Darwins phrase descent with modification. Evolution can be viewed as both a pattern and a process.

    Lamarck publishes his hypothesis of evolution. Malthus publishes Essay on the Principle of Population.

    1809

    Figure 22.2

    1798
    1812

    Hutton proposes his principle of gradualism.

    1795

    Cuvier publishes his extensive studies of vertebrate fossils.

    1830

    Lyell publishes

    Principles of Geology.

    While studying species in the Malay Archipelago, Wallace (shown in 1848) sends Darwin his hypothesis of natural selection.

    1858

    1790

    Charles Darwin Darwin travels around the world on HMS is born.

    1809

    183136
    Beagle.

    1859 On the Origin of Species is published.

    1870

    1844

    Darwin writes his essay on descent with modification.

    The Galpagos Islands

    Afred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) 1858 Wallace sent letter to Darwin describing his theory of evolution Naturalist & collector Explored Amazon/South Pacific Independently developed notion of natural selection and species change

    Chapter 1: Variation under domestication


    Domestic species are variable This variability is heritable Small changes accumulate to make big differences Breeders have made changes > than differences between species

    Chapter 2: Variation in nature

    Things are the same way in nature Population vs. typological approach Variation is a natural state
    Variation makes taxonomy difficult

    Chapter 3: The struggle for existence


    The struggle for existence & the tendency for population to increase Competition and predation EVERYWHERE, variation can be related to success Darwin calculated that 1 pair of elephants (very slow breeders) will leave 15 million descendents in 500 years Thus, most individuals do not survive (or the planet would be overrun with elephants)

    Chapter 4: Natural selection


    Can we doubtthat individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others, would have the best chance surviving and of procreating their kind? On the other hand, we may feel sure that any variation in the least degree injurious would be rigidly destroyed. This preservation of favorable variations and the rejection of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection.

    Chapter 4: Natural selection


    Discusses the potential strength of natural selection Discusses the possibility of sexual selection

    Variation, inheritance, and the struggle for existence inevitably lead to evolution

    Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of organisms and the unity and diversity of life
    Some doubt about the permanence of species preceded Darwins ideas

    Darwins Focus on Adaptation


    In reassessing his observations, Darwin perceived adaptation to the environment and the origin of new species as closely related processes. From studies made years after Darwins voyage, biologists have concluded that this is what happened to the Galpagos finches.

    Figure 22.6

    (a) Cactus-eater

    (b) Insect-eater

    (c) Seed-eater

    In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly. Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. In June 1858, Darwin received a manuscript from Alfred Russell Wallace, who had developed a theory of natural selection similar to Darwins. Darwin quickly finished The Origin of Species and published it the next year.

    The Origin of Species


    Darwin explained three broad observations:
    The unity of life The diversity of life The match between organisms and their environment

    Descent with Modification


    Darwin never used the word evolution in the first edition of The Origin of Species. The phrase descent with modification summarized Darwins perception of the unity of life. The phrase refers to the view that all organisms are related through descent from an ancestor that lived in the remote past.

    In the Darwinian view, the history of life is like a tree with branches representing lifes diversity. Darwins theory meshed well with the hierarchy of Linnaeus.

    Figure 22.7

    Figure 22.8

    Hyracoidea (Hyraxes) Sirenia (Manatees and relatives)

    Moeritherium Barytherium

    Deinotherium

    Mammut Platybelodon Stegodon Mammuthus

    Elephas maximus
    (Asia)

    Loxodonta africana
    (Africa) (Africa)
    60 34 24 5.5 2 1040

    Loxodonta cyclotis

    Millions of years ago

    Years ago

    Recommended books

    For next lecture


    Read Chap. 23 and answer: - What is a gene pool? - Define a biological population. - What is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

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