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    Mental Health

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    Annapurna Dangeti
    Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness characterized by psychological symptoms that disrupt personality. It typically arises in young adults and affects about 1% of the population annually. Risk is highest among those with low socioeconomic status. Biological factors like genetics and viruses may play a role, as well as biochemical imbalances and psychological/social stressors. Schizophrenia is classified into subtypes and experiences variable chronic courses. Symptoms include positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms like social withdrawal. Diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions, and treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and social/family support.

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    Mental Health

    Uploaded by

    Annapurna Dangeti
    188 views24 pages
    Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness characterized by psychological symptoms that disrupt personality. It typically arises in young adults and affects about 1% of the population annually. Risk is highest among those with low socioeconomic status. Biological factors like genetics and viruses may play a role, as well as biochemical imbalances and psychological/social stressors. Schizophrenia is classified into subtypes and experiences variable chronic courses. Symptoms include positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms like social withdrawal. Diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions, and treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and social/family support.

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    Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness characterized by psychological symptoms that disrupt personality. It typically arises in young adults and affects about 1% of the population annually. Risk is highest among those with low socioeconomic status. Biological factors like genetics and viruses may play a role, as well as biochemical imbalances and psychological/social stressors. Schizophrenia is classified into subtypes and experiences variable chronic courses. Symptoms include positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms like social withdrawal. Diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions, and treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and social/family support.

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    188 views24 pages

    Mental Health

    Uploaded by

    Annapurna Dangeti
    Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness characterized by psychological symptoms that disrupt personality. It typically arises in young adults and affects about 1% of the population annually. Risk is highest among those with low socioeconomic status. Biological factors like genetics and viruses may play a role, as well as biochemical imbalances and psychological/social stressors. Schizophrenia is classified into subtypes and experiences variable chronic courses. Symptoms include positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms like social withdrawal. Diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions, and treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and social/family support.

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    SCHIZOPHERNIA

    DEFINITION:

    ACCORDING TO S.M. RAJU: IT IS MOST PROMINENT DEBILITATING AND EXPENSIVE ILLNESS IN ANY SCOIETY. ACCORDING TO L.P.SHAH & HEMA IT REFERS TO GROUP OF MENTAL ILLNESS CHARACTERISED BY SPECIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS LEADING TO A DIS ORGANISATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL.

    INCIDENCE

    IT ARISES FROM 25-30 YEARS OF AGE AND BOTH SEXES. 3-4 % IN 1000 POPULATION WERE AFFECTED IN COMMUNITY PER YEAR. ABOUT 1% ARE AT RISK ABOUT 15% OR NEW ADMISSION TO A MENTAL HOSPITAL FOR THIS CONDITION.

    HIGHEST RISK IN LOW SOCIO ECONOMIC PEOPLE. 3.5 % IN 10-14 YEARS AND 24.3% 14-19 YEARS. MALE & FEMALE RATIO 3.5 : 1.5 A/C TO WORLD MENTAL HEALTH REPORT 2001: 24 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED.

    ETIOLOGY

    BIOLOGICAL FACTORS BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS.

    BIOLOGICAL FACTORS:

    VIRUS: VIRAL EXNCEPHALITIS. GENETIC FACTORS OR CHOROMOSMAL ABNORMALITIES. NEUROPATHOLOGY: DISREGULATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTER, HEAD INJURY, CVA, BIRTH TRAUMA.

    BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS:

    DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS. TRANSMETHYLATION HYPOTHESIS.

    INDOLAMINE HYPOTHESIS.

    PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS:

    PERSONS WHO ARE WITHDRAWN AND HAVE VERY FEW SOCIAL CONTACT ARE MORE PRONE TO DEVELOP SCHIZOPHERNIC ILLNESS.

    SOCIAL OR CULTURAL :

    DIVORCE FAMILIES. CULTURAL BELIEFS. INDUSTRALISATION. POVERTY. INADEQUATE NUTRITION. FEELING OF HOPELESSNESS. HOME ENVIRONMENT.

    CLASSIFICATION
    TYPICAL ATYPICAL ICD 10. COURSE OF ILLNESS.

    CLASSIFICATION:

    TYPICAL TYPE: - CATOTONIC SCHIZOPHERNIA. - PARNOID SCHIZOPHERNIA. - HEBEPHERNIC SCHIZOPHERNIA. - SIMPLE SCHIZOPHERNIA. - UNDIFFERENTIAL OR MIXED SCHIZOPHERNIA.

    ATYPICAL TYPE: - CHILDHOOD & JUVENILE - LATE SCHIZOPHERNIA : 40 YEARS - SCHIZO AFFECTIVE (MANIA) - PSEUDONEUROTIC SCHIZOPHERNIA. - RESIDUAL AND LATENT SCHIZOPHERNIA

    A/C TO ICD-10:

    POST-SCHIZOPHERNIA DEPRESSION.(12 MONTHS) PSEUDONEUROTIC SCHIZOPHERNIA (1 YEAR) SCHIZOPHERIFORM (<6 MONTHS) ONEIROID: PERCETION DISTURBANCE VONGOGH SYNDROME (MUTILATION) LATE PARAPHERNIA (WOMEN) NEGATIVE SCHIZOPHERNIA PTROPF SCHIZOPHERNIA (MR).

    A/C TO COURSE OF ILLNESS:

    SUB CHRONIC: LESS THAN 2YEARS 6 MONTHS. CHRONIC : MORE THAN 2 YEARS. COURSE SCHIZOPHERNIA: EXACERBATION AND RELATIVE REMISSION.

    CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:

    POSITIVE SYMPTOMS: - HALLUCINATIONS - DELUSIONS - TALKING NONSENSE - PRE-OCCUPATION - VIOLENT OR AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR - PERSERVATION - FLIGHT OF IDEAS.

    NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS: - FLATTENED AFFECT - SOCIAL WITHDRAWL - SUICIDAL THOUGHT - LACK OF MOTIVATION - AMBIVALENCE - THOUGHT DISTURBANCE - AUTISM - EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

    DIAGNOSTIC ASSESMENT:

    HISTORY COLLECTION. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION. SKULL X-RAY STUDIES. CT SCAN AND MRI SCAN. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY. EEG. EVOKED POTENTIAL STUDIES INVASIVE PROCEDURES.

    MANAGEMENT

    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT. ELECTRO-CONVULSIVE THERAPY. PSYCHO THERAPY. BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION THERAPY. SOCIAL THERAPY. MILIEU THERAPY. FAMILY THERAPY. GROUP THERAPY. INDIVIDUAL THERAPY.

    DRUG THERAPY:

    CLOZAPINE IT BINDS DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. THIORIDAZINE EXERT THE POST SYNPATIC BLOCKAGE. PROCHLOROPEAZINE INHIBIT THE BLOCKAGE OF RECEPTORS. HALOPERIDOL EXERT OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFECTS.

    OTHERS: - NITRAZEPAM - FLURAZEPAM - PHENOTHIAZINE - THIOTHIZONE - CHLOROPRONZINE - DIAZEPAM

    DIET THERAPY
    VEG

    NON-VEG 2300 k.cal. 150 gm. 357 gm. 120 gm.

    K. CAL : PROTEINS: CHO: FATS :

    1900 k.cal 128 gm 458 gm 110 gm

    NURSING MANAGEMENT:

    ALTERED THOUGHT PROCESS EVIDENCED BY DELUSION R/T INABILITY TO PROCESS AND SYNTHESIZE INFORMATION. SOCIAL ISOLATION EVIDENCED BY WITHDRAWL. ALTERED CO-OPERATION R/T MENTAL ILLNESS.

    ALTERED THOUGHT PROCESS EVIDENCED BY HALLUCINATION, DELUSIONS EXAGGREGATED RESPONSES R/T INABILITY TO EVALUATE REALITY. IMPARIED VERBAL COMMUNICATION EVIDENCED BY FLIGHT OF IDEAS. DISTURBED SELFESTEM R/T REPEATED FAILURE BY WORTHLESSNESS HOPELESSNESS.

    THANK Q

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