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    Programming in C#: CSE 459.24 Prof. Roger Crawfis

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    Sangeetha Prakash
    This document provides an overview of a 1-credit pass/no-pass course on programming in C#. The course assumes students already know C++ and/or Java. It will cover the C# language, .NET APIs, and common interfaces at a high level in a brief manner, requiring practice and reading outside of class. Assignments are pass/no-pass. Topics include C# types, language features, the base class library, IDEs, CLR and JIT compiling, assemblies, and a simple "Hello World" C# program.

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    Programming in C#: CSE 459.24 Prof. Roger Crawfis

    Uploaded by

    Sangeetha Prakash
    66 views35 pages
    This document provides an overview of a 1-credit pass/no-pass course on programming in C#. The course assumes students already know C++ and/or Java. It will cover the C# language, .NET APIs, and common interfaces at a high level in a brief manner, requiring practice and reading outside of class. Assignments are pass/no-pass. Topics include C# types, language features, the base class library, IDEs, CLR and JIT compiling, assemblies, and a simple "Hello World" C# program.

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    CSE459_CSharp_01_CLROverview

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    This document provides an overview of a 1-credit pass/no-pass course on programming in C#. The course assumes students already know C++ and/or Java. It will cover the C# language, .NET APIs, and common interfaces at a high level in a brief manner, requiring practice and reading outside of class. Assignments are pass/no-pass. Topics include C# types, language features, the base class library, IDEs, CLR and JIT compiling, assemblies, and a simple "Hello World" C# program.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    66 views35 pages

    Programming in C#: CSE 459.24 Prof. Roger Crawfis

    Uploaded by

    Sangeetha Prakash
    This document provides an overview of a 1-credit pass/no-pass course on programming in C#. The course assumes students already know C++ and/or Java. It will cover the C# language, .NET APIs, and common interfaces at a high level in a brief manner, requiring practice and reading outside of class. Assignments are pass/no-pass. Topics include C# types, language features, the base class library, IDEs, CLR and JIT compiling, assemblies, and a simple "Hello World" C# program.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    Programming in C#

    CSE 459.24 Prof. Roger Crawfis

    Course Overview

    1-credit pass/no-pass brief introduction to C#. Covers (most of) the C# language and some of the most useful .NET APIs. Should not be your first programming class.

    Assume you know C++ and/or Java and basic object-oriented or component-based programming. C# and .NET cannot be learned thoroughly in this brief course.

    Requires (lots of) practice / reading.

    S/U Details

    Requirements for the course

    Come to lecture Participate Do all assignments


    You will not be given a detailed grade Show me that you understand the concepts, and can write C# code

    Assignments are S/U


    Syllabus
    Background, history, CLI, CIL, CLR, CTS, C# Types

    Primitive types, Classes, Properties, Interfaces, Delegates, Events, Generic types. foreach, yield, events, is/as (type casting), lock.

    C# language features

    Common Interfaces

    Iterators, equality and comparison

    Base Class Library

    Programming in C#

    C# History
    CSE 459.24 Prof. Roger Crawfis

    History of C#
    Developed by Microsoft. Based on Java and C++, but has many additional extensions. Java and C# are both being updated to keep up with each other. Cross-development with Visual Basic, Visual C++, and many other .NET languages.

    Classification of C#

    Wikipedia.org definition.
    Object-oriented. Primarily imperative or procedural.

    LINQ adds some functional programming language capabilities.

    Structured (as opposed to monolithic). Strongly typed. ISO and ECMA standardized.

    Microsofts .NET Technologies

    The Class Libraries

    The common classes that are used in many programs


    System.Console.WriteLine XML, Networking, Filesystem, Crypto, containers Can inherit from many of these classes

    Many languages run on .NET framework


    C#, C++, J#, Visual Basic even have Python (see IronPython)

    .NET History

    The Class Libraries

    IDEs and CLI Implementations

    Visual C# http://www.microsoft.com/express/2008/

    in MSDNAA

    must be version 2008: we need C# 3.0

    Mono: http://www.go-mono.com

    Open Source for Linux: not quite at 2.0 Shared Source for Windows (through 2.0) Use to work on BSD / OS X, too yet another open source implementation

    Rotor: http://msdn.microsoft.com/net/sscli

    Portable.NET: http://www.dotgnu.org

    Programming in C#

    CLR, CLI, oh my!


    CSE 459.24 Prof. Roger Crawfis

    CLR and JIT compiling.

    C#, like Java, is executed indirectly through an abstract computer architecture called the CLR.

    CLR => Common Language Runtime. Abstract, but well defined.

    C# programs are compiled to an IL.

    Also called MSIL, CIL (Common Intermediate Language) or bytecode.

    http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z1zx9t92(VS.80).aspx

    CLR and JIT compiling.

    The CLR transforms the CIL to assembly instructions for a particular hardware architecture.
    This is termed jiting or Just-in-time compiling. Some initial performance cost, but the jitted code is cached for further execution. The CLR can target the specific architecture in which the code is executing, so some performance gains are possible.

    CLR and JIT compiling.


    All .NET languages compile to the same CIL. Each language actually uses only a subset of the CIL. The least-common denominator is the Common Language Specification (CLS). So, if you want to use your C# components in Visual Basic you need to program to the CLS.

    CLR versus CLI.

    CLR is actually an implementation by Microsoft of the CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) . CLI is an open specification. CLR is really a platform specific implementation.
    from wikipedia.org

    The CLR Architecture


    Base Class Library Support Thread Support Type Checker Security Engine MSIL to Native Compilers (JIT) Code Manager Class Loader From MSDN COM Marshaler Exception Manager Debug Engine Garbage Collector (GC)

    Common Language Infrastructure.


    CLI allows for cross-language development. Four components:

    Common Type System (CTS) Meta-data in a language agnostic fashion. Common Language Specification behaviors that all languages need to follow. A Virtual Execution System (VES).

    Common Type System (CTS)

    A specification for how types are defined and how they behave.

    no syntax specified Field Method Property Event

    A type can contain zero or more members:


    We will go over these more throughout the quarter.

    Common Type System (CTS)

    CTS also specifies the rules for visibility and access to members of a type:

    Private Family Family and Assembly Assembly Family or Assembly Public

    We will go over these more throughout the quarter.

    Common Type System (CTS)

    Other rules
    Object life-time Inheritance Equality (through System.Object)

    Common Type System (CTS)


    Languages often define aliases For example

    CTS defines System.Int32 4 byte integer C# defines int as an alias of System.Int32 C# aliases System.String as string.

    Common Type System (CTS)

    From MSDN

    Common Language System

    A specification of language features

    how methods may be called when constructors are called subset of the types in CTS which are allowed
    Code that takes UInt32 in a public method UInt32 is not in the CLS not marked is assumed to mean not compliant

    For example

    Can mark classes as CLS-compliant

    CLS versus CLR

    CLR via C#, Jeffrey Richter

    Built-in Types
    C#
    int uint sbyte byte short ushort long ulong float double decimal char string object

    CTS type (FCL name)


    System.Int32 System.UInt32 System.SByte System.Byte System.Int16 System.UInt16 System.Int64 System.UInt64 System.Single System.Double System.Decimal System.Char System.String System.Object

    CLS compliant
    yes no no yes yes no yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes

    Blittable types
    Most of these types are blittable, meaning their memory layout is consistent across languages and hence, support interoperability. The types bool, char, object and string are not and must be Marshaled when using these between languages. Single dimensional arrays of blittable types are also blittable.

    Programming in C#

    Assemblies
    CSE 494R
    (proposed course for 459 Programming in C#)

    Prof. Roger Crawfis

    Assemblies

    Code contained in files called assemblies

    code and metadata .exe or .dll as before Executable needs a class with a Main method:

    public static void Main(string[] args)

    types

    local: local assembly, not accessible by others shared: well-known location, can be GAC strong names: use crypto for signatures

    then can add some versioning and trust

    PE executable file
    Structure of PE file PE header Entry point address MS IL instructions Other initial settings native instructions e.g., x86 instructions

    Metadata Type Tables Attributes Security

    Manifests and Assemblies

    First C# Program
    using System; namespace Test
    {

    class ExampleClass { static void Main() { System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!"); } }


    }

    Constructions of Note

    using

    like import in Java: bring in namespaces

    namespace
    disambiguation of names like Internet hierarchical names and C++ naming

    class
    like in C++ or Java single inheritance up to object

    Constructions of Note

    static void Main()

    Defines the entry point for an assembly. Four different overloads taking string arguments and returning ints. Takes a formatted string: Composite Format Indexed elements: e.g., {0}

    Console.Write(Line)

    can be used multiple times only evaluated once

    {index [,alignment][:formatting]}

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