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    Neuro Fuzzy System

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    Jeeva MJ
    Fuzzy logic and neural networks are natural complementary tools in building intelligent systems. While neural networks are low-level computational structures that perform well when dealing with raw data, fuzzy logic deals with reasoning on a higher level, using linguistic information acquired from domain experts. However, fuzzy systems lack the ability to learn and cannot adjust themselves to a new environment. On the other hand, although neural networks can learn, they are opaque to the user.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Neuro Fuzzy System

    Uploaded by

    Jeeva MJ
    144 views24 pages
    Fuzzy logic and neural networks are natural complementary tools in building intelligent systems. While neural networks are low-level computational structures that perform well when dealing with raw data, fuzzy logic deals with reasoning on a higher level, using linguistic information acquired from domain experts. However, fuzzy systems lack the ability to learn and cannot adjust themselves to a new environment. On the other hand, although neural networks can learn, they are opaque to the user.

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    Neuro Fuzzy system

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    Fuzzy logic and neural networks are natural complementary tools in building intelligent systems. While neural networks are low-level computational structures that perform well when dealing with raw data, fuzzy logic deals with reasoning on a higher level, using linguistic information acquired from domain experts. However, fuzzy systems lack the ability to learn and cannot adjust themselves to a new environment. On the other hand, although neural networks can learn, they are opaque to the user.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    144 views24 pages

    Neuro Fuzzy System

    Uploaded by

    Jeeva MJ
    Fuzzy logic and neural networks are natural complementary tools in building intelligent systems. While neural networks are low-level computational structures that perform well when dealing with raw data, fuzzy logic deals with reasoning on a higher level, using linguistic information acquired from domain experts. However, fuzzy systems lack the ability to learn and cannot adjust themselves to a new environment. On the other hand, although neural networks can learn, they are opaque to the user.

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    n Fuzzy logic and neural networks are natural

    complementary tools in building intelligent systems.


    n While neural networks are low-level computational
    structures that perform well when dealing with raw
    data, fuzzy logic deals with reasoning on a higher
    level, using linguistic information acquired from
    domain experts.
    n However, fuzzy systems lack the ability to learn and
    cannot adjust themselves to a new environment.
    n On the other hand, although neural networks can
    learn, they are opaque to the user.
    Neuro-fuzzy systems
    n Integrated neuro-fuzzy systems can
    combine the parallel computation and
    learning abilities of neural networks with
    the human-like knowledge representation
    and explanation abilities of fuzzy
    systems.

    n As a result, neural networks become more
    transparent, while fuzzy systems become
    capable of learning.
    Synergy of Neural and Fuzzy
    n A neuro-fuzzy system is a neural network which is
    functionally equivalent to a fuzzy inference model.

    n Neuro-Fuzzy System can be trained to develop IF-
    THEN fuzzy rules and determine membership
    functions for input and output variables of the
    system.

    n Expert knowledge can be incorporated into the
    structure of the neuro-fuzzy system.

    Pi = xi * wi

    P1 = x1*w1 ; P2 = x2*w2

    Y = f(P1+P2)
    A hybrid neural net is a neural net with crisp
    signals and weights and crisp transfer
    function
    We can combine xi and wi using a t-norm, t-
    conorm, or some other continuous operation,
    We can aggregate p1 and p2 with a t-norm,
    t-conorm, or any other continuous function
    F(p) can be any continuous function from
    input to output
    The structure of a neuro-fuzzy system is
    similar to a multi-layer neural network.

    For example consider a neuro-fuzzy
    system which has:
    input and output layers,
    and three hidden layers - that
    represent membership functions and
    fuzzy rules.
    Neuro-fuzzy system
    Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer 1

    y
    x1
    A1
    A2
    A3
    B1
    B2
    x2
    C1
    C2
    x1
    x1
    x1
    x2
    x2
    x2

    B1

    A2

    B3

    C2

    C1

    R1

    R3

    R5

    R6

    R4
    R1
    R5
    R4
    R6

    R2
    R3
    R2
    B3

    A1
    w
    R3
    w
    R6
    w
    R1
    w
    R2
    w
    R4
    w
    R5

    A3

    B2
    Each layer in the neuro-fuzzy system is associated
    with a particular step in the fuzzy inference process.
    Layer 1 is the input layer. Each neuron in this layer
    transmits external crisp signals directly to the next
    layer. That is,


    Layer 2 is the fuzzification layer.
    Neurons in this layer represent fuzzy sets used in the
    antecedents of fuzzy rules.
    A fuzzification neuron receives a crisp input and determines
    the degree to which this input belongs to the neurons fuzzy
    set.
    ) 1 ( ) 1 (
    i i
    x y =
    1. The activation function of a membership neuron is
    set to the function that specifies the neurons fuzzy
    set.
    2. We use triangular sets, and therefore, the activation
    functions for the neurons in Layer 2 are set to the
    triangular membership functions.
    3. A triangular membership function can be specified
    by two parameters {a, b} as follows:

    + >
    + < <

    s
    =
    2
    if , 0
    2 2
    if ,
    2
    1
    2
    if , 0
    ) 2 (
    ) 2 (
    ) 2 (
    ) 2 (
    ) 2 (


    b
    a x
    b
    a x
    b
    a
    b
    a x
    b
    a x
    y
    i
    i
    i
    i
    i

    (b) Effect of parameter b.
    0.2
    0.4
    0.6
    0.8
    1
    a = 4, b =6
    a = 4, b =4

    0 4 6 8
    0
    1 2 3 5 7
    X
    (a) Effect of parameter a.
    0.2
    0.4
    0.6
    0.8
    1
    a = 4, b =6

    a = 4.5, b =6
    0 4 6 8
    0
    1 2 3 5 7
    X
    Neuro-fuzzy system
    Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer 1

    y
    x1
    A1
    A2
    A3
    B1
    B2
    x2
    C1
    C2
    x1
    x1
    x1
    x2
    x2
    x2

    B1

    A2

    B3

    C2

    C1

    R1

    R3

    R5

    R6

    R4
    R1
    R5
    R4
    R6

    R2
    R3
    R2
    B3

    A1
    w
    R3
    w
    R6
    w
    R1
    w
    R2
    w
    R4
    w
    R5

    A3

    B2
    Layer 3 is the fuzzy rule layer.

    1. Each neuron in this layer corresponds to
    a single fuzzy rule.

    2. A fuzzy rule neuron receives inputs from
    the fuzzification neurons that represent
    fuzzy sets in the rule antecedents.

    3. For instance, neuron R1, which
    corresponds to Rule 1, receives inputs
    from neurons A1 and B1.


    In a neuro-fuzzy system, intersection can
    be implemented by the product operator.

    Thus, the output of neuron i in Layer 3 is
    obtained as:
    1 1 1
    ) 3 (
    1

    R B A
    R
    y = =
    Neuro-fuzzy system
    Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer 1

    y
    x1
    A1
    A2
    A3
    B1
    B2
    x2
    C1
    C2
    x1
    x1
    x1
    x2
    x2
    x2

    B1

    A2

    B3

    C2

    C1

    R1

    R3

    R5

    R6

    R4
    R1
    R5
    R4
    R6

    R2
    R3
    R2
    B3

    A1
    w
    R3
    w
    R6
    w
    R1
    w
    R2
    w
    R4
    w
    R5

    A3

    B2
    Layer 4 is the
    output membership layer. Neurons in this
    layer represent fuzzy sets used in the
    consequent of fuzzy rules.
    An output membership neuron combines all
    its inputs by using the fuzzy operation
    union.
    This operation can be implemented by the
    probabilistic OR. That is,


    The value of
    C1
    represents the integrated
    firing strength of fuzzy rule neurons R3 and
    R6.
    1 6 3
    ) 4 (
    1

    C R R
    C
    y = =
    Layer 5 is the defuzzification layer. Each
    neuron in this layer represents a single
    output of the neuro-fuzzy system. It takes
    the output fuzzy sets clipped by the
    respective integrated firing strengths and
    combines them into a single fuzzy set.

    Neuro-fuzzy systems can apply standard
    defuzzification methods, including the
    centroid technique.

    We will use the sum-product composition /
    weighted-average method.
    Neuro-fuzzy system
    Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer 1

    y
    x1
    A1
    A2
    A3
    B1
    B2
    x2
    C1
    C2
    x1
    x1
    x1
    x2
    x2
    x2

    B1

    A2

    B3

    C2

    C1

    R1

    R3

    R5

    R6

    R4
    R1
    R5
    R4
    R6

    R2
    R3
    R2
    B3

    A1
    w
    R3
    w
    R6
    w
    R1
    w
    R2
    w
    R4
    w
    R5

    A3

    B2
    The sum-product composition calculates
    the crisp output as the weighted average of
    the centroids of all output membership
    functions.

    For example, the weighted average of the
    centroids of the clipped fuzzy sets C1 and
    C2 is calculated as,
    2 2 1 1
    2 2 2 1 1 1
    C C C C
    C C C C C C
    b b
    b a b a
    y


    +
    +
    =

    How does a neuro-fuzzy system learn?
    A neuro-fuzzy system is essentially a multi-
    layer neural network,

    Thus it can apply standard learning
    algorithms developed for neural networks,
    including the back-propagation algorithm.
    When a training input-output example is presented to the
    system, the back-propagation algorithm computes the
    system output and compares it with the desired output of
    the training example.

    The error is propagated backwards through the network
    from the output layer to the input layer.

    The neuron activation functions are modified as the error
    is propagated.

    To determine the necessary modifications, the back-
    propagation algorithm differentiates the activation
    functions of the neurons.
    Neuro-fuzzy systems: summary
    The combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks constitutes a
    powerful means for designing intelligent systems.

    Domain knowledge can be put into a neuro-fuzzy system by human
    experts in the form of linguistic variables and fuzzy rules.

    When a representative set of examples is available, a neuro-fuzzy
    system can automatically transform it into a robust set of fuzzy IF-THEN
    rules, and thereby reduce our dependence on expert knowledge when
    building intelligent systems.

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