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    Radiographic Errors: Dr. Aarthi M BDS, Lecturer, Oral Medicine Department

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    DrVikram Naidu
    There are three main categories of errors that can occur in dental radiographs: processing errors, exposure errors, and technique/projection errors. Processing errors result from issues during film development and include chemical defects like reticulation from temperature changes or contamination spots from dirty equipment. Exposure errors involve improper radiation dosage and lead to overexposed or underexposed images. Technique errors involve patient positioning mistakes or improper angulation that distort the image or cut off areas of interest. Addressing errors can improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid unnecessary radiation exposure for patients.

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    Radiographic Errors: Dr. Aarthi M BDS, Lecturer, Oral Medicine Department

    Uploaded by

    DrVikram Naidu
    105 views53 pages
    There are three main categories of errors that can occur in dental radiographs: processing errors, exposure errors, and technique/projection errors. Processing errors result from issues during film development and include chemical defects like reticulation from temperature changes or contamination spots from dirty equipment. Exposure errors involve improper radiation dosage and lead to overexposed or underexposed images. Technique errors involve patient positioning mistakes or improper angulation that distort the image or cut off areas of interest. Addressing errors can improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid unnecessary radiation exposure for patients.

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    Original Title

    Radio Graphic Errors

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    There are three main categories of errors that can occur in dental radiographs: processing errors, exposure errors, and technique/projection errors. Processing errors result from issues during film development and include chemical defects like reticulation from temperature changes or contamination spots from dirty equipment. Exposure errors involve improper radiation dosage and lead to overexposed or underexposed images. Technique errors involve patient positioning mistakes or improper angulation that distort the image or cut off areas of interest. Addressing errors can improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid unnecessary radiation exposure for patients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    105 views53 pages

    Radiographic Errors: Dr. Aarthi M BDS, Lecturer, Oral Medicine Department

    Uploaded by

    DrVikram Naidu
    There are three main categories of errors that can occur in dental radiographs: processing errors, exposure errors, and technique/projection errors. Processing errors result from issues during film development and include chemical defects like reticulation from temperature changes or contamination spots from dirty equipment. Exposure errors involve improper radiation dosage and lead to overexposed or underexposed images. Technique errors involve patient positioning mistakes or improper angulation that distort the image or cut off areas of interest. Addressing errors can improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid unnecessary radiation exposure for patients.

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    RADIOGRAPHIC ERRORS

    Dr. Aarthi M BDS, lecturer, Oral Medicine Department

    Films with errors should be avoided due to the following reasons:


    Retake will lead to:

    Expose the patient to unnecessary radiation. Waste film & time (money). Interfere with accurate interpretation and diagnosis.

    Causes of faulty radiograph


    The majority of the errors produced can be categorized into three groups:

    I. Processing errors. II. Technique & Projection errors. III. Exposure errors.

    Chemical errors:
    Light image. Dark image. Blank image. Reticulation. Black spot or patch. Black line. White spot or patch. Yellowish brown discoloration.

    I. Processing errors

    Film Handling errors:


    Writing lines Developer cut off Fixer cut off Overlapped film Finger nail artifact Smudge. Scratched film Static electricity

    Processing errors Chemical errors

    Reticulation
    When the film subjected to a sudden temperature changes between the developer and water. Appear as cracked film.

    Processing errors Chemical errors

    Black spot or patch


    Developer contamination before immersion into the developer solution.

    Processing errors Chemical errors

    Black line
    Developer contamination processing hanger clips Dirty roller in automatic processor

    Processing errors Chemical errors

    White spot or patch


    Contamination with fixer before processing

    Processing errors Chemical errors

    Yellowish brown discoloration


    Exhausted solution or insufficient rinsing

    Writing lines
    Appear on the radiograph due to writing on the film packet with ballpoint pen or lead pencil. It may appear black or white.

    Processing errors Film Handling errors

    Finger nail artifact


    Black or whit crescent shape mark due to rough handling of the film.

    Processing errors Film Handling errors

    Developer cut off


    A straight blank white border due to underdeveloped portion. The film may not be completely immersed in the developer solution.

    Fixer cut off

    Processing errors Film Handling errors

    A straight black border. The film may not be completely immersed in the developer solution.

    Processing errors Film Handling errors

    Overlapped film
    Film that overlap in developer are white, while that overlap in fixer are black

    Processing errors Film Handling errors

    Smudge (finger print)


    When the film touched by fingers contaminated with developer or fixer

    Processing errors Film Handling errors

    Scratched film
    White lines appear on the film due to careless handling of the film.

    Processing errors Film Handling errors

    Static electricity
    Thin black branching lines Occurs when two surfaces are rubbed together against each other vigorously, this creates an electric charges with visible light emitted which is capable of exposing the x-ray film, thus leading to ionization of AgBr crystals at this area. Occur most frequently during periods of low humidity

    Metallic partial denture

    Blurred

    Reverse image

    Apices cut off

    Dropped corner

    Distortion

    Horizontal overlap Elongation Double image

    Static electricity

    Low denisty

    White spot or patch

    Yellowish brown discoloration

    Reverse image

    Developer cut off

    Cone-cut

    II. Exposure errors.

    Blank image. Low density image. High density image. Image with high and low contrast.

    Exposure errors

    Blank image
    A film that didnt receive radiation will have no image and will appear clear.

    Exposure errors

    Low density (faint) image

    Exposure errors

    High density image

    III. Technique & Projection errors:


    a. Patient preparation error:
    Radiopaque artifact Pressure mark Blurred image

    b. Film placement artifact:


    Double image Dot artifact Crown not shown Area of interest not shown Distortion Reversed film Apices cut off Dropped film corner Black line

    c. Projection errors:
    Incorrect vertical angulation. Incorrect horizontal angulation PID alignment artifact

    Technique & Projection errors a. Patient preparation error

    Radiopaque artifact
    Dental appliances, body piercings, jewelry & eye glasses left in the mouth during exposure will appear as radiopaque artifact superimposed over the dental image. Correction: all this items should be removed before placing of the film.

    Technique & Projection errors a. Patient preparation error

    Blurred image
    Movement of the film, patient or X-ray tube head during exposure will result in a blurred image. Correction: the operator should explain for the patient & remind him to remain motionless during exposure.

    Pressure mark

    Technique & Projection errors a. Patient preparation error

    Pressure from the incisal edge & cusps of the teeth (mostly in the pediatric occlusal radiograph). May appear black or white. Correction: ask the patient to bite gently.

    Technique & Projection errors a. Patient preparation error

    Double image
    When an exposed film is re-exposed the resulting film will have 2 superimposed images

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Reversed film

    Low density with herring bone, tire-track or dotted pattern, as a result of directing the X-ray through the lead foil side of the film back.

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Dot artifact
    The identification (embossed) dot produce a circular radiolucent artifact on the final radiograph. This may interfere with interpretation of the apical areas of the teeth.

    Apices cut off

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Occur when the film is not positioned apically enough to record the entire tooth.

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Crown not shown


    There is no enough film extending occlusally.

    Dropped film corner


    The film edge is not placed parallel to the occlusal surface of the teeth.

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Area of interest not shown


    This is the result of not placing the film to cover all the teeth in the area of interest and not centralizing the film over the area of interest.

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Black line

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Due to excessive bending of the film prior to its placement inside the patients mouth (pressure causes ionization of silver halide upon processing will be darker).

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Distortion
    Due to bending of the film to eliminate the patients discomfort specially in lower premolar area and upper central incisors.

    normal

    distortion

    Technique & Projection errors b. Film placment artifact

    Incorrect vertical angulation


    It will lead to: Elongated image due to insufficient v. angulation ( too flat), or Shortened image due to excessive v. angulation ( too steep)

    Technique & Projection errors c. Projection errors

    Technique & Projection errors c. Projection errors

    Technique & Projection errors c. Projection errors

    Incorrect horizontal angulation


    Is the appearance of the interproximal surfaces of the adjacent teeth over each other. This is due to improper H.A. due to improper alignment of the C.R. through the contact points i.e. not // to interproximal surfaces.

    Technique & Projection errors c. Projection errors

    Technique & Projection errors c. Projection errors

    PID alignment artifact


    If the PID is misaligned and the x-ray is not centered over the film, a partial image is seen on the resultant radiograph, this partial image is called cone-cut. It appear as a clear area with curved outline.

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