8/17/2014 1

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

Concepts To be remembered
The lines are parallel and a transversal cuts these lines.

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
If
Angle 1 = ,
Angle2 = [180 ]

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8/17/2014 2
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
Concepts To be remembered
Lines AB & CD are parallel. E is a point such that BAE = 45
0
and
ECD = 30
0
. Find AEC
A
D
B
C
E
45
0
30
0
Draw a line GF passing through E parallel to AB

F
G
45
0
30
0
AEG = 45
0


GED = 30
0
AEC = 75
0


8/17/2014 3
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
Concepts To be remembered
Lines AB & CD are parallel. AE and CE are internal
angular bisectors . Find AEC
Let FAB = 2x
0
ACD = 2x
0
.
BAC = 2y
0

2x+2y = 180
0
CAE = y
0

ACE = x
0
X + Y = 90
From AEC,
AEC = 90
0


A
D
B
C
E
F
2x
y
y
x
x
What is the sum of all internal
angles in the figure?






There are 8 triangles and hence the
sum of all internal angles is 1440.
8/17/2014 4
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
Concepts To be remembered
What is the
Sum Of all
internal
angles in
Figure
A,B,C & D?
A = 720
B = 540
C = 360
D = 900

A
B
C
D
A
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
1
6
7
8 5
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
3
2
1
2
1
5
4
3
2
8/17/2014 5
Sum of all internal angles
= (n-2)

Sum of all External angles
= 2

In a regular n sided figure,
Each internal angle
= (n-2) /n
Each external angle
= 2 /n

N Sum of all
internal
Angles
Average
3 180 60
4 360 90
5 540 108
6 720 120
7 900 900/7
8 1080 135
9 1260 140
10 1440 144
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
In a polygon the measure (in degrees) of each angle is a distinct
integer. If the largest angle is 145
0
and the polygon has maximum
number of sides possible, then its largest exterior angle is
(1)50
0
(2)

47
0
(3) 45
0
(4) 52
0
(5)

48
0
In the above question what is the number of sides of Polygon?

(1) 9 (2)

7

(3)

10 (4)

8

(5)

11
6
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
1 145 145
2 144 289
3 143 432
4 142 574
5 141 725
6 140 865
7 139 1004
8 138 1142
9 137 1269
10 136 1405
If largest angle is
145
0
, let us find the
maximum number of
sides of the polygon.
The sum of all
internal angles is
(n-2) . Let us
assume it is a
decagon.
Total sum is 1405.
Hence it cannot be
decagon.
Let us assume it is
a nonagon.
The total sum of
internal angles is
1260.
The maximum
number of sides is
9.
Its largest exterior
angle is 52
0
1 145 145
2 144 289
3 143 432
4 142 574
5 141 725
6 140 865
7 139 1004
8 138 1142
9 128 1260
The internal angles of a convex polygon are in arithmetic Progression.
The smallest angle measures 50
0
and the common difference is 10
0
.
The polygon has maximum number of sides n. n=
1) 3 2)

24

3)

3 0r 24 4)

none of these.









8/17/2014 7
Sn =
n
/
2
{100+10 (n-1)} =(n-2)180
50n+5n(n-1) = 180(n-2)
10n+n(n-1) = 36(n-2)
n
2
+9n = 36n -72
n
2
- 27n+72 = 0
n = 3 Or 24
Answer : 3
Why?

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
The internal angles of a polygon are in arithmetic
Progression. The smallest angle measures 65
0
and the
common difference is 18
0
. The number of sides of the
polygon is 1) 8 2)

9

3)

10 4)

7

5)

11









8/17/2014 8
Sn =

=




As the value on the right hand side is an integer, n or (n-1)
should be divisible by 8. Hence substituting n= 9 , we get 1260 as
the sum of all internal angles of a 9 sided figure.

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
n
2
[
130 +
75
4
(n -1)
]
[
65 n +
75
8
n(n -1)
]
= (n-2)180
= (n-2)180





For the side ED there can
be only one triangle.
For each side there will be
only one triangle.
Totally there are 5 such
triangles
8/17/2014 9
A
B
C
D E
In a Pentagon how many triangles , using the vertices of
Pentagon, can be formed such that only one side of the
triangle is same as one side of the Pentagon.
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION



In a Hexagon how many triangles , using
the vertices of Hexagon, can be formed
such that only one side of the triangle is
same as one side of the hexagon.
For the side ED there can be 2 triangles.
For each side there will be 2 triangles.
Totally there are 12 such triangles
8/17/2014
10
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
A
B
F C
E
D
A
B
F
C
E
D
G
In a Heptagon how many triangles ,
using the vertices of Heptagon, can be
formed such that only one side of the
triangle is same as one side of the
Heptagon.
For side ED there can be 3 triangles.
For each side there will be 3 triangles.
Totally there are 21 such triangles







In a Decagon how many
triangles , using the vertices
of a Decagon can be formed
such that only one side of the
triangle is same as one side of
the Decagon.
For the side AB there can be
6 triangles.
For each side there will be 6
triangles.
Totally there are 60 triangles.
8/17/2014 11
In a n sided figure ,how many triangles, using the vertices of the n
sided figure, can be formed such that only one side of the triangle
is same as one side of the n sided figure.
For each side there will be (n 4 ) triangles. Totally there will be
n ( n 4) triangles.
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
A B






In a Pentagon how many
triangles , using the vertices of
Pentagon, can be formed such
that two sides of the triangle
are same as two sides of the
Pentagon.
There are 5 such triangles.
8/17/2014
12
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
In a hexagon how many
triangles , using the vertices of
hexagon, can be formed such
that two sides of the triangle
are same as two sides of the
hexagon.
There are 6 such triangles.
A
B
C
D
E
8/17/2014
A
B C
D
E
F



In a heptagon how many triangles ,
using the vertices of heptagon, can be
formed such that two sides of the
triangle are same as two sides of the
heptagon.
There are 7 such triangles.
8/17/2014 13
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
In a Decagon, how many triangles ,
using the vertices of Decagon, can be
formed such that two sides of the
triangle are same as two sides of the
Decagon.
There are 10 such triangles.
In a n sided figure, how many triangles , using the vertices of n sided
figure, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two
sides of the n sided figure. There are n such triangles.
In a n sided figure, Let x represent the no. of
triangles that can be formed, using the vertices
of n sided figure, such that two sides of the
triangle are same as two sides of the n sided
figure. Let Y represent the no. of triangles that
can be formed, using the vertices of n sided
figure, such that only one side of the triangle is
same as one side of the n sided figure. If x + y =
28. What is the value of n?
X + Y = n + n(n-4) = 28
n
2
3n 28 =0 (n 7) (n +4) = 0
n = 7
8/17/2014 14
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 15
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
Certain
Basic
Notations &
Facts.
BC = a , CA =
b & AB = c
a + b > c
b + c > a
c + a > b
ABC is called a
right angled ,
if either A
or B or C
equals 90
0
.
b
2
= a
2
+ c
2

C
A
B a
b
c
a
b
c
C
A
B
ABC is called an
acute angled , if
A , B & C are
less than 90
0
.
a
2
< b
2
+ c
2
b
2
< c
2
+ a
2
c
2
< a
2
+ b
2

a
b
c
C
A
B
ABC is called an
obtuse
angled ,
if either
A or B or C
is more than 90
0
.
a
2
> b
2
+ c
2

or b
2
> c
2
+ a
2
or c
2
> a
2
+ b
2

C
A
B
c
b
a
8/17/2014 16
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
C
A
B
8
15
How many obtuse angled can be drawn if two of the sides are 8
& 15 respectively.
C
A
B
8
15
Let the third side be x. 8 x 22.
Case 1: 15 is not the longest
side




x
2
> 8
2
+15
2
> 289

:: x
2
> 289

x

> 17

:: x

< 23
X can take values
18,19,20,21,22 5 values.
Case 2 : 15 is the longest
side




225 > 8
2
+ x
2
x
2
< 161

x

< 13

x

> 7
X can take values
8,9,10,11& 12 5 values
Totally 10 triangles can be drawn.
8/17/2014 17
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
C
A
B
6
10
How many obtuse angled les can be drawn if two of the sides
are 6 & 10 respectively.
Let X be the third side. 5 x 15.
Case 1: 10 is the longest side
100 > 6
2
+ x
2
x
2
< 64

x

< 8

x

> 4
X can take values 5,6 & 7 3 values
C
A
B
6
10
Case 2: 10 is not the longest side
x
2
> 6
2
+10
2
> 136

x

> 11

x

< 16
X can take values 12,13,14&15
4 values.
Totally 7 triangles can be drawn.
8/17/2014 18
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
C
A
B



F
D
E



ABC & DEF are similar
as A = D :: B = E :: C = F
Then
AB
/
DE
=

BC
/
EF
=

CA
/
FD

ABC & DEF are similar
as
AB
/
DE
=

BC
/
EF
=

CA
/
FD
=


Then

A = D :: B = E :: C = F
C
A
B
6
8
12
F
D
E
3
4
6
8/17/2014 19
F
D
E
C
A
B
3
4
5
6
8
10
ABC & DEF are right angled triangles and are similar.
AB
/
DE
=

BC
/
EF
=

CA
/
FD

=

2
/
1
Perimeter of ABC
/
Perimeter of DEF
=

2
/
1
In radius of ABC
/
In radius of DEF
=

2
/
1
Circum radius of ABC
/
Circum radius

of DEF
=

2
/
1
Area of ABC
/

Area of DEF
=

4
/
1

Area = 24 :: Perimeter =24
In radius = 2 Circum radius = 5
Area = 6 :: Perimeter =12
In radius = 1 Circum radius =2. 5
8/17/2014 20
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
C
A
B



F
D
E



ABC & DEF are similar
as A = D :: B = E :: C = F
AB
/
DE
=

BC
/
EF
=

CA
/
FD

=

m
/
n
Perimeter of ABC
/
Perimeter of DEF
=

m
/
n
In radius of ABC
/
In radius of DEF
=

m
/
n
Circum radius of ABC
/
Circum radius

of DEF
=

m
/
n
Area of ABC
/

Area of DEF
=

m
2
/
n2
8/17/2014 21
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
C
A
B



F
D
E








ABC & EFD are similar. AB = 12 ,
EF = 8 . If BC = 18 , Find DF. ABC
and EFD are similar.
AB
/
EF
=
AC
/
DE
=
BC
/
DF

12
/
8
=
18
/
DF
DF =
18*8
/
12
DF = 12
E
C
A
B
D



ABC and ADE are similar and ADE
= area of quadrilateral DECB implies
ADE
/
ABC
=
AD
/
AB
=

1
/
2.
AD

=

62
DB

=

AB - AD =

12 - 62 = 6 (2 - 2).

In ABC, let D & E be points on AB &
AC such that ABC and ADE are
similar and ADE = area of quadrilateral
DECB. If AB = 12 , Find DB.
8/17/2014 22




GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
ABD =
2
(BD) (Alt. from A to BC)
ADC =
2
(DC) (Alt. from A to BC)
ABD
/
ADC
=
BD
/
DC
=
m
/
n
If the base is divided in the ratio
m : n, area of the 2
les
so
formed are in the ratio m : n.

A
B
C
D
m n
A
B
C
D
E
100
300
1600
If area of triangle ABC is 100 sq units, what
is the area of triangle ADE given that BD =
3 AB & CE =4 AC?
Let us join DC.
Consider ACD. AB:BD:: 1 : 3
BCD = 300 sq units
ACD = 400 sq units
Consider CDE. AC : CE :: 1 : 4
CDE= 1600 Sq.units
ADE=2000 Sq.units
8/17/2014 23




GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
180
20
If area of triangle ABC is 20 sq units,
what is the area of triangle ADE given
that BD = 9 AB & CE =19AC?
Let us join DC. Consider ACD.
AB:BD::1:9
BCD= 180 sq units. ACD =200 sq units
AC: CE:: 1:19 CDE= 3800 Sq.units
ADE=4000 Sq.units
A
B C
D
E
3800
A
B
C
D
E
x
kx
m(x+kx)
If area of triangle ABC is x sq units,
what is the area of triangle ADE given
that BD = k AB & CE =m AC?
Let us join DC. Consider ACD.
AB:BD::1:k
BCD = k x sq units
ACD = x + kx sq units
AC: CE:: 1:m CDE= m(x+kx )Sq.units
ADE=(k+1)(m+1)x
In a ABC,
AD is median from A to BC.
ABD = ADC (Why?)
BE is median from B to CA.
CF is median from C to AB
The point of concurrence is
Centroid (G)
Centroid divides the median
in the ratio 2:1
AGF = BGF = BGD
CGD = CGE = AGE = X
AB
2
+AC
2
=2(AD
2
+BD
2
)
BA
2
+BC
2
=2(BE
2
+CE
2
)
CA
2
+CB
2
=2(CF
2
+AF
2
)





A
B C
E
G
F
D
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 24
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 25
AB
2
+

AC
2
= 2(AD
2
+BD
2
)
16
2
+

8
2
= 2(AD
2
+6
2
)
AD
2
= 124
D
G
A
B
C
In ABC, AB = 16,BC= 12, AC =
8. Find AD, BE & CF (Medians)
BC
2
+

BA
2
= 2(BE
2
+CE
2
)
16
2
+

12
2
= 2(BE
2
+4
2
)
BE
2
= 184
CB
2
+

CA
2
= 2(CF
2
+BF
2
)
12
2
+

8
2
= 2(BE
2
+8
2
)
CF
2
= 40
BE > AD > CF
BE
2
+ AD
2
+ CF
2
= 348


AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CA
2
= 464
[
BE
2
+ AD
2
+ CF
2
] /[
AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CA
2
]

=
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 26
AD
2
= 6
2
+ 4
2
= 52
CF
2
= 8
2
+ 3
2
= 73
BE
2
= 25

D
G
A
B
F

C
In a right angled ABC, AB = 6 BC = 8 & AC = 10.
Let AD , BE & CF be medians.
CF > AD > BE
BE
2
+ AD
2
+ CF
2
= 150


AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CA
2
=200
[
BE
2
+ AD
2
+ CF
2
] /[
AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CA
2
]

=
















8/17/2014 27
BC = 10 ABC . CA = 26.The given
triangle is divided into 2 triangles
whose areas are equal. What is the
maximum possible sum of
perimeter of the 2 triangles so
formed?
The given triangle can be divided
into 2 triangles whose areas are
equal if we draw a median . As
maximum perimeter of the 2
triangles so formed is sought, the
longest median is to be drawn.
Longest Median is to the shortest
side.
AF = 601. Maximum possible
perimeter of the 2 triangles so
formed is 60+2 601






A
C
B
G
E
O
M
E
T
R
Y

&

M
E
N
S
U
R
A
T
I
O
N

5
5
F
24
In the triangle given alongside,
AD, BE & CF are medians. GECD
is a cyclic quadrilateral, find the
ratio of AE:GD.
GECD is a cyclic quadrilateral
implies that the vertices G, E, C
& D lie on a circle.
Therefore AG * AD = AE * AC
If GD = Y AG = 2Y & AD = 3Y
If AE = X ,EC = X , AC = 2X
X * 2 X = 2Y *3 Y
X= 3 Y.
The ratio is 3 : 1







8/17/2014 28
A
B
C
G
D
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
In the triangle given alongside, D,E & F
are midpoints of sides BC, CA & AB. AK
is
r
from A to BC. Find FKD + FED.
8/17/2014
29















A
B
K
D
F
E
C
X
X
X X
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
Consider AFE & ABC
L AFE = L ABC = X
Consider CED & ABC
LFED = L AFE = X
Consider ABK, FK is
median to Hyp AB. Hence
FK = FB.
Hence LFKB = X
L FKD = (180 -X)
L FED + L FKD = 180
Medians Points to remember
A median divides a triangle into 2 triangles whose
areas are equal
Three medians divide the triangle into 6 triangles
whose areas are equal. The point of concurrence is
called centroid.
Centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1
AB
2
+AC
2
=2(AD
2
+BD
2
)
BA
2
+BC
2
=2(BE
2
+CE
2
)
CA
2
+CB
2
=2(AF
2
+BF
2
)
where AD,BE & CF are Medians
Median to hypotenuse in a right angled is half
the hypotenuse.
Shortest median is to the longest side.
Longest Median is to the shortest side.
Ratio of Sum of squares of medians to sum of
squares of sides is 3:4


8/17/2014 30
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 31
A
B C
I
D
AI, BI & CI are internal angular
bisectors of A B & C.
The point of concurrence is called
the in-centre.
ID,IE & IF are in radii
Therefore in-centre is equidistant from
the sides.
AID need not be a Straight line.
BIE need not be a Straight line.
CIF need not be a Straight line.
AB, BC & CA are tangents to in-
circle. Length of tangents from a
point outside the circle are equal.
BD = BF :: AF = AE :: CE = CD

BIC =
2
(a)(r)
CIA =
2
(b)(r)
AIB =
2
(c)(r)
ABC =
2
(a + b + c)(r)
ABC = (s) (r)
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 32
A
B C
I
D
BI & CI are internal angular
bisectors of B & C
respectively. I is the in-centre
& L BAC = 70
0
, find the angle
BIC.
Consider ABC, 2X+2Y =
110
X+Y = 55
Consider BIC, +X+Y = 180
= 125
0
:: = 90+ A
70
X Y
X Y

AI, BI & CI are internal angular bisectors of A
B & C. BIC = 90+
2
A
CIA = 90+
2
B
AIB = 90+
2
C
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 33
A
B C
I
D


AI, BI & CI are internal
angular bisectors of A B &
C. ID,IE & IF are in radii. If
AB=20, AC=22 &BC= 24. Find
BD.
AB=20 AC=22 BC= 24.
Let BD = X :: BF = X
AF =AB BF = 20 X
AE = 20 X
CE = AC CE = X + 2
CD= X+2
BD+CD = 2X+2 = 24
2X = 22
X =11
X
2+ x
BD = BF =
[BC + BA AC]
/
2

CD = CE =
[CB + CA AB]
/
2
AF = AE =
[AB + AC BC]
/
2

8/17/2014 34
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
In a ABC, AB = 17, BC = 25, CA = 28,
find in-radius
S =
[17 + 25 + 28]
/
2

= 35 35*18*10*7 = 35*r
35*18*10*7=35
2
* r
2

r
2
= 36.
r = 6





B
A
C




r
r

r

r
o
6
-
r

r+4
In the given AB = 6, BC = 8 & AC = 10 and
angle B is 90
0
. Find radius of the circle
inscribed in the Triangle.
Area of Triangle ABC
=
2
(6)(8) = 24 sq. units
Semi perimeter = 12 units
Area of Triangle ABC
=

(12)(r) = 24 sq. units :: r= 2
2r+4 = 8 implies r = 2 units

B
A
C









ABCD is a square. E is the
midpoint of BC. Find the
ratio of in-radius of the
circle inscribed in the
DCE, to the side of the
square.
AB = BC = CA=DA = 2a
In radius of circle = r.
Consider DCE.
CE = a ::CD = 2a :: DE = 5a
s =
(3+ 5 ) a
/
2
DCE = (2a)(a)
DCE = (3+5)a r
r
/
2a
=
1
/
(3+5)

8/17/2014 35
2a
a

A B
E
c D
2a
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
ABC,AB=16,BC=18 &AC =
20. If AD is an internal
angular bisector, Find BD
ABC, AB=16, BC=18
AC=20.
Let CE be parallel to AD
ABD III
r

EBC

BD
/
DC
=
AB
/
AC
=
16
/
20
BD = 4K CD = 5K
BD = 4K = 8
8/17/2014 36
A
B
C




E
D
ABC, internal angular bisector divides the BC
in the ratio in the ratio of sides.

BD
/
DC
=
AB
/
AC

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 37
E
B C
D
A
Given ABC is any
triangle.AD is external
angular bisector of LEAC.
BD is internal angular
bisector of LABC. What is
the value of LADB -
LACB?
Let LABC = 2X
LACB = 2Y LBAC = 2Z.
2x+2y+2z = 180
LEAC = 2X+2Y
LDAC = X+Y.
From ADB,
+x+2z+x+y = 180
- y = 0
LADB - LACB = 0
x
x
2z
2y

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION



ABC is a right angled
triangle LB = 90
0.
AB =
24. BC = 7. AD is
external angular
bisector, D is a point on
BC Extended. Find CD.
Let AD be the external
angular bisector.
Draw BE
l
to AD
LAEB = LABE = X
AE = AB = 24 EC = 1
CEB |||
r

CAD
CE /EA = CB/BD
BD = 168
CD = 175



8/17/2014
7 168
2
4

38
A
B
c
D
E
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION



ABC is a right angled
triangle LB = 90
0.
AB
= 15. BC = 8. AD is
external angular
bisector, D is a point on
BC Extended. Find CD.
Let AD be the external
angular bisector.
Draw BE parallel to
AD
LAEB = LABE = X
AE = AB = 15 EC = 2
CEB |||
r

CAD
CE /EA = CB/BD
BD = 60
CD = 68



8/17/2014
8 60
1
5

39
A
B
c
D
E
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION



8/17/2014
y xy/(z-x)
x

40
A
B
c
D
E
ABC is a right angled
triangle LB = 90
0.
AB = x.
BC = y. AD is external
angular bisector, D is a
point on BC Extended. Find
CD.
Let AD be the external
angular bisector.
Draw BE parallel to AD
LAEB = LABE = x
AE = AB = x EC = z -x
CEB |||
r

CAD
CE /EA = CB/BD
BD =
x y
/
(z-x)





ABC is a right angled triangle
LB = 90
0.
AB = 8. BC = 6. AD is
external angular bisector, D is a
point on BC Extended. Find AD.
Let AD be the external angular
bisector.
Draw BE parallel to AD
LAEB = LABE = X
AE = AB = 8 EC = 2
CEB |||
r

CAD
CE /EA = CB/BD
BD = 24
AD = 640



8/17/2014
6 24
8

41
A
B
c
D
E
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

Area of ABC
Let AD be the altitude from A to BC.
Sin C= AD/AC = AD/b
AD = b Sin C
Area of ABC = (BC) (AD) = (a) (AD)
= a b Sin C

8/17/2014 42
A
B C
D

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
A
B D C
ABC is a triangle with AB = 7 & AC = 5.
Given LBAD= LCAD = 60
0.
Find AD.
ABD = (7) (AD) Sin 60
ADC = (5) (AD) Sin 60
ABC = (7) (5) Sin 120
ABC = ABD+ ADC
= {7(AD)Sin60+5(AD)Sin60}
= (7) (5) Sin 120
AD = 35/12

ABC is a triangle with AB = & AC
=.
Given LBAD= LCAD = X
0.
Find AD.
ABD = () (AD) Sin 60
ADC = () (AD) Sin 60
ABC = () () Sin 120
ABC = ABD+ ADC
= {(AD)Sin x+ (AD)Sin x}
= () () Sin 2x
AD =
Sin 2x
/
[ + ] Sin x
8/17/2014 43
A
B
C
D
x
x
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION
8/17/2014 44
A
B C
I
D
AI, BI & CI are internal angular
bisectors of A B & C. ID,IE & IF
are in radii. If BF=6, CE=8 and ID =
4. Find AB+AC.
ABC = s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
ABC = (14+x)(x)(8)(6)
ABC = s r
s = 14+x
ABC = (14+x) (4)
(14+x)(x)(8)(6) = (14+x)
2
(16)
48x = (14+x) (16)
3x = (14+x)
2x = 14 :: x = 7
AB+AC = 28
6 8
In a ABC,
AD is altitude from A to BC.
BE is altitude from B to CA.
CF is altitude from C to AB
The point of concurrence is
orthocentre (H)
AFHE is a cyclic quadrilateral
DHEC is a cyclic quadrilateral
DHFB is a cyclic quadrilateral
Geometry & Mensuration
A
B C
E
H
F
D
If FAE = 70
o
, what is BHC?
FHEA is a Cyclic Quadrilateral.
FAE = 70
o

FHE = 110
o

BHC = 110
o

8/17/2014 45
In a triangle ABC, one of the side is 10
units .The longest side is 20 units. Area
is 80 sq units.Find the third side.
Geometry & Mensuration
A
B C
D
Let AD be the altitude
ABC = (20) (AD) = 80

AD = 8 units
From ABD,
BD
2
=

AB
2
AD
2

= 10
2
8
2

= 36 = 6
DC = 14
From ADC ,
AC2 = AD
2
+ DC
2
= 8
2
+ 14
2
= 260
AC = 260
14
8
6
8/17/2014 46
In a triangle ABC, one of the
sides is 10 units & another
side is 20 units. Area is 80 sq
units. Find the longest side.
Geometry & Mensuration
A
B C
D
Let AD be the altitude
ABC = (20) (AD) = 80

AD = 8 units
ADB,
DB
2
= AB
2
AD
2
= 10
2
8
2
= 36
DB = 6 :: DC = 26
ADC ,
AC
2
= AD
2
+ DC
2
= 8
2
+ 26
2
= 740
AC = 740
20
8
6
8/17/2014 47
In a ABC, AB = AC = 100 units, the
area of the triangle is not less than
4800 sq units. What is the
difference between maximum and
minimum perimeter of such a
triangle?
Geometry & Mensuration
A
B
C
D y
x
y
Let AD be the altitude & AD = X.
The altitude bisects the base in
an isosceles triangle. Let BC = 2Y
x = 100
2
y
2

{ (2y) (x) } 4800
y {100
2
y
2
} (4800)

y
2
( 100
2
y
2
)
2
(4800)
2
y
4
10000y
2
+ (4800)
2
0
(y
2
3600) (y
2
6400) 0
3600 y
2
6400 :: 60 y 80
60 y 80
Min perimeter 320.
Max perimeter 360 .
Diff 40.
8/17/2014 48
ABC is a right angled triangle. AB =
6 BC = 8 CA = 10 . BE is a median &
BD is
r
from B to AC. Find DE.
Let BD & BE be altitude & Median
respectively. BE =5.0
(6)(8) = (10)(BD)
BD = 4.8 units
DE={(5.0)
2
- (4.8)
2
} = 1.96 = 1.4



8/17/2014 49
A
B
C
8
6



Geometry & Mensuration
ABC is a right angled triangle. B = 90.
BD is
r
from B to AC. AE = 4 EC = 9 .
Find BE.
Consider AEB & BEC.
AEB = 90 =BEC
ABE = =ECB.
The other angle must be equal
AEB |||
r
BEC.
BE
/
AE
=
EC
/
BE.
BE
2
= (AE) (EC)=4*9 :: BE = 6
A
B C
8/17/2014 50
A
B
C
Geometry & Mensuration
ABC is a right angled triangle.
B = 90. BE is
r
from B to AC.
Consider AEB & BEC.
AEB = 90 =BEC. ABE = =ECB.
The other angle must be equal
AEB |||
r
BEC.
BE
/
AE
=
EC
/
BE
:: BE
2
= (AE) (EC)
ABC is a right angled triangle.
B = 90. BE is
r
from B to AC.
Consider AEB & ABC.
AEB = 90 =BEC. ABE = =ACB.
The other angle must be equal
AEB |||
r
ABC.
AE
/
AB
=
AB
/
AC
=
BE
/
BC

ABC is a right angled triangle.
B = 90. BE is
r
from B to AC.
Consider CEB & ABC.
CEB = 90 =ABC. CBE = =CAB.
The other angle must be equal
AEB |||
r
ABC.
BE
/
AB
=
BC
/
AC
=
CE
/
BC

8/17/2014 51
A
B
C
Geometry & Mensuration
ABC is a right angled triangle.
B = 90. BE is
r
from B to AC.
We get 3 sets of similar
triangles.
AEB |||
r
BEC
AEB |||
r
ABC
BEC |||
r
ABC

In ABC, D, E & F are midpoints of
BC, CA & AB. Let L
1
, L
2
, L
3
represent r
passing through D, E, F.L
1
, L
2
, L
3
are r
bisectors of BC, CA & AB.The point of
concurrence is s, circumcentre
SA SB = SC
Circumcentre is equidistant from vertices

A
B
F
D C
E
S
Area of ABC = (b) (c) Sin A.
Let BD be the diameter of the circum circle
Then LA = LD and BD = 2R,where R is the
circum radius.
From BDC, Sin D =
a
/
2R
= Sin A
Area of ABC =
abc
/
4R





Geometry & Mensuration
A
B
D
C
S
a
c
b
Area of ABC = (b) (c) Sin A.
Let BD be the diameter of the circum circle
Then LA = LD and BD = 2R,where R is the
circum radius.
From BDC, Sin D =
a
/
2R
= Sin A
Similarly
a
/
SinA
=
b
/
SinB
=
c
/
SinC
= 2R

A
B
D
C
S
8/17/2014 52
Area of ABC = (base) (height)
Area of ABC =s(s - a) (s - b) (s - c)

Area of ABC = r s

Area of ABC = b c Sin A
Area of ABC = c a Sin B
Area of ABC = a b Sin C
Area of ABC =
abc
/
4R
a
/
SinA
=
b
/
SinB
=
c
/
SinC
= 2R


COS A =
[b
2
+ c
2
- a
2
]
/
2bc

COS B =
[c
2
+ a
2
- b
2
]
/
2ca

COS C =
[a
2
+ b
2
- c
2
]
/
2ab

Area of ABC = (
3
/
4
) (a
2
)

if ABC is
equilateral triangle of side a.


Geometry & Mensuration
A
B C
b c
a
8/17/2014 53
Area of ABC = (base) (height)
Area of ABC =s(s - a) (s - b) (s - c)

Area of ABC = r s

Area of ABC = b c Sin A
Area of ABC = c a Sin B
Area of ABC = a b Sin C
Area of ABC =
abc
/
4R
Geometry & Mensuration
Let AB = AC
AD is Median
AD is Internal Angular Bisector
AD is Altitude
AD is r bisector. ABD = ADC
Therefore, in centre, circumcentre,
orthocentre , & centroid lie on AD.
A
B
C
A
B
D
C
8/17/2014 54
Geometry & Mensuration
Let ABC be a right angled triangle
ABC = 90 . AD is Median.
BE is Median. AE = EC.






B is orthocentre.E is circumcentre
Centroid lies on BE.G is Centroid.
BG/GE = 2/1. In any triangle,
Centroid divides the line joining
Orthocentre and circumcentre in the
ratio 2:1 . The proof is indicative .









A
B
G
C
D
E
Let ABC be an Equilateral triangle.
AD, BE & CF are Medians, Altitudes
,r bisectors, & internal angular
bisectors .






G is Centroid ,incentre , Circumcentre
and Orthocentre













A
B
F
E
D
C
G
Let AB = AC . AD is Median . AD is Internal Angular
Bisector . AD is Altitude AD is r bisector. ABD =
ADC Therefore, in centre, circumcentre,
orthocentre , & centroid lie on AD.
A
B
D C
8/17/2014 55