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    Synchronus Machine Stability

    Uploaded by

    Soumya Jyoti Dan
    Synchronous machines are used in all conventional power plants to convert mechanical power to electrical power. They contain a rotor with field windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when turned by a prime mover. This rotating magnetic field induces three-phase voltages in the stator windings. The load angle is the angle between the induced stator voltages and terminal voltages, and depends on the magnitude of the load. For stability, the load angle must remain between -90 and 90 degrees.

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    Synchronus Machine Stability

    Uploaded by

    Soumya Jyoti Dan
    79 views13 pages
    Synchronous machines are used in all conventional power plants to convert mechanical power to electrical power. They contain a rotor with field windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when turned by a prime mover. This rotating magnetic field induces three-phase voltages in the stator windings. The load angle is the angle between the induced stator voltages and terminal voltages, and depends on the magnitude of the load. For stability, the load angle must remain between -90 and 90 degrees.

    Original Description:

    Stability analysis

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    Synchronous machines are used in all conventional power plants to convert mechanical power to electrical power. They contain a rotor with field windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when turned by a prime mover. This rotating magnetic field induces three-phase voltages in the stator windings. The load angle is the angle between the induced stator voltages and terminal voltages, and depends on the magnitude of the load. For stability, the load angle must remain between -90 and 90 degrees.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    79 views13 pages

    Synchronus Machine Stability

    Uploaded by

    Soumya Jyoti Dan
    Synchronous machines are used in all conventional power plants to convert mechanical power to electrical power. They contain a rotor with field windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when turned by a prime mover. This rotating magnetic field induces three-phase voltages in the stator windings. The load angle is the angle between the induced stator voltages and terminal voltages, and depends on the magnitude of the load. For stability, the load angle must remain between -90 and 90 degrees.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Synchronous Machine

    All conventional power plants use synchronous generators


    for converting power to electrical form

    In Synchronous Generator, a DC current is applied to
    rotor winding to produce rotor magnetic field.

    The rotor is turned by prime-mover producing a rotating
    magnetic field.

    The rotating magnetic field produce three phase sets of
    voltages within the stator.
    Armature winding [in stator]
    Field winding [in rotor]


    Synchronous Machine Construction

    Equivalent Circuit
    E
    ph
    = V
    t
    + I
    a
    Z
    s
    ---> Vector Sum
    As r
    a
    is very small
    E
    ph
    = V
    t
    + I
    a
    X
    s
    ---> Vector Sum
    Phasor Diagram
    Fig. (a): For alternator
    Fig. (b): For sync. Motor
    : Angle between V
    t
    and I
    a
    : Angle between V
    t
    and E
    ph

    Load Angle ()
    Angle between V
    t
    and E
    ph


    Depends on the magnitude of load proportionally

    Considered as +ve for alternator and ve for sync.
    motor

    Basically load angle is the angle between rotor
    magnetic field and stator magnetic field.

    Load Angle ()(cont...)
    Basically load angle is the angle between rotor
    magnetic field and stator magnetic field.
    Reference machine Loaded machine
    Power Relationships
    m ind conv
    P
    cos 3
    A A
    I E Where is the angle between EA and IA:
    If the armature resistance RA is ignored (Xs >> RA),
    S
    A
    A
    X
    E
    I

    sin
    cos
    Substituting this equation into Pout,
    S
    A
    X
    E V
    P

    sin 3

    Power Angle Characteristics
    S
    A
    X
    E V
    P

    3
    max

    The P() curve shows that the
    increase of power increases the angle
    between the induced voltage and the
    terminal voltage.

    The power is maximum when =90
    0


    The further increase of input power
    forces the generator out of
    synchronism.

    The maximum power is the static
    stability limit of the system.

    Safe operation requires a 15-20%
    power reverse.
    Stability of Electrical System
    Power System Stability denotes the ability of an electric
    power system, for a given initial operating condition, to
    regain a state of operating equilibrium after being
    subjected to a physical disturbance, with all system
    variables bounded so that the system integrity is
    preserved.

    Stability is a condition of equilibrium between opposing
    forces.

    Instability results when a disturbance leads to a sustained
    imbalance between the opposing forces.

    Division of stability
    Rotor angle stability

    Frequency stability

    Voltage stability
    Rotor Angle Stability
    A simple two machine system has been considered.

    X
    G
    : Generator reactance
    X
    M
    : Motor/Load reactance
    X
    L
    : Line reactance
    So total reactance, X = X
    G
    + X
    M
    + X
    L

    Rotor Angle Stability(Contd...)
    The system is stable if and only if -90
    0
    <


    < 90
    0

    Under steady state condition P
    m
    = P
    e

    Sudden change of loading may cause failure of
    the stability
    Sudden change of mechanical input by the
    prime-mover for a small time may cause failure
    of the stability

    Power Swing

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