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    The Face and Scalp

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    Robin Tolentino
    The document describes the anatomy of the face, scalp, and related structures. It discusses the muscles of facial expression innervated by the facial nerve, as well as muscles that act on the eyebrows, eyelids, nose, lips, mouth, and ear. It also describes the nerve supply from the trigeminal and facial nerves and blood supply from the facial, superficial temporal, and retromandibular arteries. Key structures of the scalp are outlined, including layers, innervation, and blood supply. Dangerous areas of the face and scalp are noted where infection can spread to surrounding structures.

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    The Face and Scalp

    Uploaded by

    Robin Tolentino
    104 views31 pages
    The document describes the anatomy of the face, scalp, and related structures. It discusses the muscles of facial expression innervated by the facial nerve, as well as muscles that act on the eyebrows, eyelids, nose, lips, mouth, and ear. It also describes the nerve supply from the trigeminal and facial nerves and blood supply from the facial, superficial temporal, and retromandibular arteries. Key structures of the scalp are outlined, including layers, innervation, and blood supply. Dangerous areas of the face and scalp are noted where infection can spread to surrounding structures.

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    The Face and Scalp medicine anatomy presentation snell

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    The document describes the anatomy of the face, scalp, and related structures. It discusses the muscles of facial expression innervated by the facial nerve, as well as muscles that act on the eyebrows, eyelids, nose, lips, mouth, and ear. It also describes the nerve supply from the trigeminal and facial nerves and blood supply from the facial, superficial temporal, and retromandibular arteries. Key structures of the scalp are outlined, including layers, innervation, and blood supply. Dangerous areas of the face and scalp are noted where infection can spread to surrounding structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    104 views31 pages

    The Face and Scalp

    Uploaded by

    Robin Tolentino
    The document describes the anatomy of the face, scalp, and related structures. It discusses the muscles of facial expression innervated by the facial nerve, as well as muscles that act on the eyebrows, eyelids, nose, lips, mouth, and ear. It also describes the nerve supply from the trigeminal and facial nerves and blood supply from the facial, superficial temporal, and retromandibular arteries. Key structures of the scalp are outlined, including layers, innervation, and blood supply. Dangerous areas of the face and scalp are noted where infection can spread to surrounding structures.

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    The Face and Scalp

    oramosmd
    Muscles of Facial expression
    I. Muscles that acts on the eyebrows/eyelids:
    1.Occipitofrontalis
    elevates eyebrows; wrinkles forehead
    (surprise).
    2.Corrugator supercilli
    draws eyebrows downward and medially
    Anger and frowning
    3. Orbicularis oculi
    -closes eyelids(squinting).
    II. Muscles that acts on the nose:
    1. Nasalis- draws ala of the nose towards the
    septum.
    2. Depressor septi- constricts the nares.
    3. Procerus
    wrinkles the skin over the nasal bones.



    III. Muscles that acts on the lips and mouth
    1. Orbicularis oris closes the lips
    2. Levator anguli oris elevates angle of the
    mouth medially(disgust).
    3. Zygomaticus major draws angle of the
    mouth backward and upward(smile)
    4. Zygomaticus minor elevates upper lip.


    5. Depressor labii inferioris- depresses the
    lower lip.
    6. Risorius Retracts angle of the mouth(false
    smile)
    7. Depressor anguli oris depresses angle of
    the mouth(frowning).
    8. Buccinator presses cheek to keep it taut
    9. Mentalis elevates and protrudes the lower
    lip.

    V. Muscle that acts on the ear:
    1. Auricularis muscle-retracts and elevates the
    ear
    anterior
    superior
    posterior


    IV Muscles that acts on the nose and upper
    lips
    1. Levator labii superioris- elevates upper lip
    and dilates the nares(disgust)
    2. Levator labii superioris alaquae nasae-
    elevates ala of the nose and upper lip

    Nerve supply to the face and scalp
    A. Facial Nerve:
    Exits through the stylomastoid foramen.
    Enters the parotid gland and branches in to:
    1. Zygomaticotemporal branch that rise to:
    a. Temporal branch.
    B. Zygomatic branch
    2. Cervicofacial branch that branches into:
    a. Buccal branch
    b. Mandibular branch
    c. Cervical branch.
    The Facial Nerve:
    Innervates the muscles of facial expression.
    Also innervates the muscles of the auricle,
    occipitalis muscle posteriorly and the
    posterior digastric and stylohyoid muscle
    anteriorly.
    Corneal Blink:
    closure of the eyelid in response to blowing on
    the cornea or touching it with a cotton wisp.
    Efferent limb of the reflex arc is via the facial
    nerve, while its afferent limb comes from the
    ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.
    Bells palsy
    It is the paralysis of the facial muscles due to a
    lesion on the Facial nerve.
    Central lesion of the facial nerve: spares the
    forehead.
    Peripheral lesion of the facial nerve: involves
    all the facial muscles.
    Trigeminal nerve
    A. Ophthalmic division
    Upper eyelid and dorsum of the nose
    Branches into:
    supraorbital,
    supratrochlear,
    infratrochlear,
    external nasal and
    lacrimal nerves.

    B. Maxillary Division

    Trigeminal neuralgia(tic douloreux): marked
    paroxysmal pain along the course of the
    trigeminal nerve especially radiating to the
    maxillary and mandibular area.
    Common ,: aberrant blood vessels, aneurysm,
    chronic meningeal inflammation,brain tumor and
    others like MS.
    C. Mandibular Division;
    Innervates the face below the lower lip.
    Supplies the face as the auriculotemporal, buccal
    and mental nerves.
    Blood Supply
    A. Facial artery
    Arises from the ECA just above the upper border
    of the hyoid bone.
    Passes deep to the mandible, winds around the
    lower border of the mandible and runs upward
    and forward on the face.

    Nxt topic
    Branches of the facial artery:

    ascending palatine a.
    Tonsillar a.
    Glandular a.
    Submental a.
    Inferior labial a.
    Superior labial a.
    Lateral nasal a.
    B. Superficial temporal artery

    Terminal br. Of the ECA course anteriorly to the EAM going up
    to the Scalp.
    Accompanies the auriculotemporal nerve
    Gives rise to the:
    Transverse facial a.
    Zygomaticotemporal a.
    Middle temporal a.
    Anterior auricular a.
    Frontal a.
    Parietal a.
    Facial Vein
    Begins as Angular vein by the confluence of the supraorbital
    and supratrochlear vein.
    The angular vein will eventually become the facial vein at the
    lower orbital margin.
    It receives tributaries from the corresponding branches of the
    facial artery, infraorbital and deep facial veins.
    It drains directly into the IJV or joins the anterior branch of
    the Retromandibular vein to form the COMMON FACIAL
    VEIN and eventually draining into the IJV.
    Facial vein
    It communicates with the superior
    ophthalmic vein and thus with the
    CAVERNOUS SINUS, allowing a route of
    infection from the face to the CRANIAL FOSSA.
    DANGEROUS AREA OF THE FACE:
    area of the face near the nose( from the root of
    the nose up to the upper lip) drained by the
    facial veins. Septicemia can lead to meningitis and
    cavernous sinus thrombosis causing neurologic
    damage and even death.

    D. Retromandibular vein
    Formed by the Union of the superficial
    temporal vein and maxillary veins behind the
    mandible.
    Branches into:
    A. Anterior branch that joins the Facial vein to
    form the COMMON FACIAL VEIN.
    B. Posterior branch that joins the posterior
    auricular vein to form the EXTERNAL
    JUGULAR VEIN.

    SCALP
    LAYERS:
    1. Skin with hair and sebaceous glands.
    2. Connective tissue(close subcutaneous
    tissue)- dense connective tissue. Contains
    blood vessels,and nerves and arteries that
    nourish the hair follicles. These arteries are
    held by DCT around them and thus they
    remain open when cut causing profuse
    bleeding.

    3. Aponeurosis Epicranialis(Galea
    aponeurotica) Fibrous sheet that covers the
    the vault of the skull and unites the occipitalis
    and frontalis muscles.

    4. Loose Connective Tissue sub aponeurotic
    space containing the Emissary veins. It is a
    DANGEROUS AREA, because infections from
    these area can migrate into the intracranial
    sinuses via the EMISSARY VEINS.

    5. Pericranium over the surface of the scalp.

    Scalp hemorrhage: results from laceration of
    arteries at the dense subcutaneous tissue that
    are unable to contract or retract causing
    severe hemorrhage.


    Deep scalp infection : localized in the loose CT
    layer and spreads across the calvaria to the
    intracranial dural venous sinuses through the
    emissary veins causing meningitis or
    septicemia
    B. Innervation
    Via the SUPRATROCHLEAR, SUPRAORBITAL,
    ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL,
    AURICULOTEMPORAL,LESSER OCCIPITAL,
    GREATER OCCIPITAL AND OCCIPITAL NERVES.
    C. Blood Supply
    I. From the Internal carotid artery:
    A. Supratrochlear A.
    B. Supraorbital A.
    II. From the External carotid artery:
    A. Superficial temporal A.
    B. Posterior Auricular A.
    C. Occipital A.

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