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    Stealth Technology: Ankit Kumar Parashar 9109 ECE - I A

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    This document discusses stealth technology, including its principles and applications. It describes how stealth works by reducing an object's radar cross-section through vehicle shaping, use of non-metallic materials, and radar absorbing coatings. Examples are given of stealth aircraft like the F-117 Nighthawk and B-2 Spirit that implement these principles. The document also briefly outlines countermeasures to stealth and notes research in India on developing radar absorbing nanocomposite coatings.

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    Stealth Technology: Ankit Kumar Parashar 9109 ECE - I A

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    AnkitChadha
    406 views20 pages
    This document discusses stealth technology, including its principles and applications. It describes how stealth works by reducing an object's radar cross-section through vehicle shaping, use of non-metallic materials, and radar absorbing coatings. Examples are given of stealth aircraft like the F-117 Nighthawk and B-2 Spirit that implement these principles. The document also briefly outlines countermeasures to stealth and notes research in India on developing radar absorbing nanocomposite coatings.

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    Stealth

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    This document discusses stealth technology, including its principles and applications. It describes how stealth works by reducing an object's radar cross-section through vehicle shaping, use of non-metallic materials, and radar absorbing coatings. Examples are given of stealth aircraft like the F-117 Nighthawk and B-2 Spirit that implement these principles. The document also briefly outlines countermeasures to stealth and notes research in India on developing radar absorbing nanocomposite coatings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    406 views20 pages

    Stealth Technology: Ankit Kumar Parashar 9109 ECE - I A

    Uploaded by

    AnkitChadha
    This document discusses stealth technology, including its principles and applications. It describes how stealth works by reducing an object's radar cross-section through vehicle shaping, use of non-metallic materials, and radar absorbing coatings. Examples are given of stealth aircraft like the F-117 Nighthawk and B-2 Spirit that implement these principles. The document also briefly outlines countermeasures to stealth and notes research in India on developing radar absorbing nanocomposite coatings.

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    Stealth Technology

    Ankit Kumar Parashar


    9109
    ECE I A

    Stealth
    Overview
    Stealth Principles
    Counter Measures
    List of Stealth Aircrafts & Ships
    Progress in India


    What is Stealth?
    Literal meaning : secret, clandestine, or
    surreptitious procedure.
    Now used to infer to a particular technique of
    warfare.
    Lots of money every year is spent on
    developing stealth techniques but only a few
    countries have economically been able to do
    it.
    Stealth Principles
    Radar cross-section (RCS) reductions
    Vehicle shape
    Non-metallic airframe
    Radar absorbing material


    RCS Reduction
    Reduced signature design improves
    platforms' overall survivability through the
    improved effectiveness of its radar counter-
    measures.
    The distance at which a target can be
    detected for a given radar configuration
    varies with the fourth root of its RCS.
    As a rule, the larger an object, the stronger its RADAR reflection and
    thus the greater its RCS. Also, RADAR of one band may not even detect
    certain size objects. For example. 10 cm (S-band RADAR) can detect
    rain drops but not clouds whose droplets are too small.
    where
    Pt = power transmitted by the radar (watts)
    Gt = gain of the radar transmit antenna (dimensionless)
    r = distance from the radar to the target (meters)
    = radar cross section of the target (meters squared)
    Aeff = effective area of the radar receiving antenna (meters squared)
    Pr = power received back from the target by the radar (watts)

    F 117 Nighthawk
    Vehicle Shape
    The most efficient way to reflect radar waves
    back to the transmitting radar is with
    orthogonal metal plates, forming a corner
    reflector consisting of either a dihedral (two
    plates) or a trihedral (three orthogonal
    plates).
    A more radical approach is to eliminate the
    tail completely, as in the B-2 Spirit.
    Corner Reflector
    B 2 Spirit Stealth Bomber
    Non-metallic Airframe
    Dielectric composites are more transparent to
    radar, whereas electrically conductive
    materials such as metals and carbon
    fibers reflect electromagnetic energy incident
    on the material's surface. Composites may
    also contain ferrites to optimize the dielectric
    and magnetic properties of the material for its
    application.
    Radar absorbing material
    Radar absorbent material, or RAM, is a class of
    materials used in stealth technology to disguise a
    vehicle or structure from radar detection. A
    material's absorbency at a given frequency of radar
    wave depends upon its composition.
    A radar absorbent material can significantly reduce
    an object's radar cross section in specific radar
    frequencies, but it does not result in "invisibility" on
    any frequency.
    Radar Absorbents
    Counter Measures
    Low frequency radar
    Shaping does not offer stealth advantages against low-frequency
    radar. If the radar wavelength is roughly twice the size of the
    target, a half-wave resonance effect can still generate a
    significant return.
    Multiple transmitters
    Much of the stealth comes from reflecting the transmissions in a
    different direction other than a direct return. Therefore detection
    can be better achieved if the sources are spaced from the
    receivers, known as bistatic radar, and proposals exist to use
    reflections from sources such as civilian radio transmitters,
    including cellular telephone radio towers.
    List of Stealth Aircrafts & Ships
    F-35 Lightning II
    Sukhoi PAK FA

    K32 HMS Helsingborg
    Medium Combat Aircraft

    Progress In India
    Materials scientists at the Indian Institute of
    Technology in Roorkee (IIT-R) have developed
    microwave absorbing nanocomposite coatings that
    could make aircraft almost invisible to radar.
    Its developers have said that the nanocomposite
    coating on the aluminum sheet absorbed 89 per cent
    of incident microwaves at 15 GHz - the frequency
    normally used by radars - reflecting only 11 per cent.
    A stealth aircraft should ideally absorb all the incident
    radiation and reflect nothing.
    Thank You

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