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    14-Oral Cavity

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    kavindukarunarathna
    This document provides an overview of the oral cavity and its structures. It describes the anatomy of the tongue, palate, and related structures like the vestibule and floor of the mouth. Key points include that the oral cavity extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus and is subdivided into the vestibule and oral cavity proper. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that allow for various movements. Both the hard and soft palate are described in detail along with their muscles, nerves, blood supply and functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    14-Oral Cavity

    Uploaded by

    kavindukarunarathna
    2K views36 pages
    This document provides an overview of the oral cavity and its structures. It describes the anatomy of the tongue, palate, and related structures like the vestibule and floor of the mouth. Key points include that the oral cavity extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus and is subdivided into the vestibule and oral cavity proper. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that allow for various movements. Both the hard and soft palate are described in detail along with their muscles, nerves, blood supply and functions.

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    This document provides an overview of the oral cavity and its structures. It describes the anatomy of the tongue, palate, and related structures like the vestibule and floor of the mouth. Key points include that the oral cavity extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus and is subdivided into the vestibule and oral cavity proper. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that allow for various movements. Both the hard and soft palate are described in detail along with their muscles, nerves, blood supply and functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views36 pages

    14-Oral Cavity

    Uploaded by

    kavindukarunarathna
    This document provides an overview of the oral cavity and its structures. It describes the anatomy of the tongue, palate, and related structures like the vestibule and floor of the mouth. Key points include that the oral cavity extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus and is subdivided into the vestibule and oral cavity proper. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that allow for various movements. Both the hard and soft palate are described in detail along with their muscles, nerves, blood supply and functions.

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    The document discusses the anatomy of the oral cavity, including the vestibule, oral cavity proper, floor of the mouth, tongue, palate, muscles and nerves.

    The oral cavity is divided into the vestibule and oral cavity proper. The vestibule communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure. The oral cavity proper lies within the alveolar margins and is bounded by the hard and soft palate roof and mylohyoid muscle floor.

    The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the hard palate anteriorly and the soft palate posteriorly. The floor is formed by the mylohyoid muscle with the tongue lying anteriorly on the floor.

    Oral Cavity

    Tongue & Palate

    Dr. senarathne
    n.m.u

    Oral Cavity (Mouth)


    Extends from the lips to

    the oropharyngeal
    isthmus
    The oropharyngeal
    isthmus:
    Is the junction of
    mouth and pharynx.
    Is bounded:
    Above by the soft
    palate and the
    palatoglossal folds
    Below by the dorsum of
    the tongue

    Subdivided into Vestibule

    & Oral cavity proper

    Vestibule
    Slitlike space between

    the cheeks and the gums


    Communicates with the
    exterior through the oral
    fissure
    When the jaws are
    closed, communicates
    with the oral cavity
    proper behind the 3rd
    molar tooth on each side
    Superiorly and inferiorly
    limited by the reflection
    of mucous membrane
    from lips and cheek onto
    the gums

    Vestibule contd
    The lateral wall of the

    vestibule is formed by
    the cheek
    The cheek is
    composed of
    Buccinator muscle,
    covered laterally by
    the skin & medially
    by the mucous
    membrane
    A small papilla on the
    mucosa opposite the
    upper 2nd molar tooth
    marks the opening of
    the duct of the parotid
    gland

    Oral Cavity Proper


    It is the cavity within

    the alveolar margins of


    the maxillae and the
    mandible
    Its Roof is formed by
    the hard palate
    anteriorly and the soft
    palate posteriorly
    Its Floor is formed by
    the mylohyoid muscle.
    The anterior 2/3rd of the
    tongue lies on the floor.

    hard
    soft
    palate

    mylohyoi
    d

    Floor of the Mouth


    Covered with mucous

    membrane
    In the midline, a
    mucosal fold, the
    frenulum, connects the
    tongue to the floor of
    the mouth
    On each side of
    frenulum a small papilla
    has the opening of the
    duct of the
    submandibular gland
    A rounded ridge
    extending backward &
    laterally from the papilla
    is produced by the
    sublingual gland

    Nerve Supply
    o Sensory
    Roof: by greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

    (branches of maxillary nerve)


    Floor: by lingual nerve (branch of mandibular
    nerve)
    Cheek: by buccal nerve (branch of mandibular
    nerve)

    o Motor
    Muscle in the cheek (buccinator) and the lip

    (orbicularis oris) are supplied by the branches of


    the facial nerve

    Tongue
    Mass of striated muscles

    covered with the mucous


    membrane
    Divided into right and left
    halves by a median
    septum
    Three parts:
    Oral (anterior )
    Pharyngeal (posterior )
    Root (base)
    Two surfaces:
    Dorsal
    Ventral

    Dorsal Surface
    Divided into anterior two

    third and posterior one


    third by a V-shaped
    sulcus terminalis.
    The apex of the sulcus
    faces backward and is
    marked by a pit called
    the foramen cecum
    Foramen cecum, an
    embryological remnant,
    marks the site of the
    upper end of the
    thyroglossal duct

    Anterior two third:

    mucosa is rough, shows


    three types of papillae:
    Filliform
    Fungiform
    Vallate
    Dorsal
    Surface
    Posterior one third: No
    papillae but shows
    nodular surface
    because of underlying
    lymphatic nodules, the
    lingual tonsils

    contd

    Ventral Surface
    Smooth (no papillae)
    In the midline

    anteriorly, a mucosal
    fold, frenulum
    connects the tongue
    with the floor of the
    mouth
    Lateral to frenulum,
    deep lingual vein can
    be seen through the
    mucosa
    Lateral to lingual vein,
    a fold of mucosa forms
    the plica fimbriata

    Muscles
    The tongue is

    composed of two
    types of muscles:
    Intrinsic
    Extrinsic

    Intrinsic Muscles
    Confined to tongue
    No bony attachment
    Consist of:
    Longitudinal fibers
    Transverse fibers
    Vertical fibers

    Function: Alter the

    shape of the tongue

    Extrinsic Muscles
    Connect the tongue to

    the surrounding
    structures: the soft
    palate and the bones
    (mandible, hyoid bone,
    styloid process)
    Include:
    Palatoglossus
    Genioglossus
    Hyoglossus
    Styloglossus
    Function: Help in
    movements of the
    tongue

    Movements
    Protrusion:
    Genioglossus on both sides acting together

    Retraction:
    Styloglossus and hyoglossus on both sides acting

    together

    Depression:
    Hyoglossus and genioglossus on both sides

    acting together

    Elevation:
    Styloglossus and palatoglossus on both sides

    acting together

    Sensory Nerve Supply


    Anterior :
    General sensations:

    Lingual nerve
    Special sensations :
    chorda tympani

    Posterior :
    General & special

    sensations:
    glossopharyngeal nerve

    Base:
    General & special

    sensations: internal
    laryngeal nerve

    Motor Nerve Supply


    Intrinsic muscles:

    Hypoglossal nerve

    Extrinsic muscles:
    All supplied by

    the hypoglossal
    nerve, except the
    palatoglossus

    The palatoglossus

    supplied by the
    pharyngeal plexus

    Blood Supply
    Arteries:
    Lingual artery
    Tonsillar branch

    of facial artery
    Ascending
    pharyngeal
    artery
    Veins:
    Lingual vein,
    ultimately drains
    into the internal
    jugular vein

    Lingual
    artery & vein

    Hypoglossal
    nerve

    Dorsal lingual
    artery & vein

    Deep lingual
    vein

    Lymphatic Drainage
    Tip:
    Submental nodes

    bilaterally & then


    deep cervical nodes

    Anterior two third:


    Submandibular

    unilaterally & then


    deep cervical nodes

    Posterior third:
    Deep cervical nodes

    (jugulodigastric
    mainly)

    Functions
    The tonge is the most important

    articulator for speech production.


    During speech, the tongue can
    make amazing range of
    movements
    The primary function of the
    tongue
    is to provide a mechanism for
    taste. Taste buds are located on
    different areas of the tongue, but
    are generally found around the
    edges. They are sensitive to
    four main
    tastes: Bitter, Sour,
    Salty & Sweet

    The tongue is needed for

    sucking, chewing,
    swallowing, eating,
    drinking, kissing,
    sweeping the mouth for
    food debris and other
    particles and for making
    funny faces (poking the
    tongue out, waggling it)
    Trumpeters and horn &
    flute players have very
    well developed tongue
    muscles, and are able to
    perform rapid, controlled
    movements or
    articulations

    Clinical Notes
    Lacerations of the

    tongue
    Tongue-Tie
    (ankyloglossia) (due
    to large frenulum)

    Lesion of the

    hypoglossal nerve
    The protruded tongue

    deviates toward the


    side of the lesion
    Tongue is atrophied &
    wrinkled

    If there is goodness in your heart,


    it will come to your tongue.

    Palate
    Lies in the roof of

    the oral cavity


    Has two parts:
    Hard (bony)
    palate
    anteriorly
    Soft (muscular)
    palate
    posteriorly

    hard

    soft
    palate

    Hard Palate
    Lies in the roof of

    the oral cavity


    Forms the floor of
    the nasal cavity
    Formed by:
    Palatine processes
    of maxillae in front
    Horizontal plates
    of palatine bones
    behind
    Bounded by alveolar
    arches

    Hard Palate
    Posteriorly,

    continuous with
    soft palate
    Its undersurface
    covered by
    mucoperiosteum
    Shows transverse
    ridges in the
    anterior parts

    Soft Palate
    Attached to the posterior

    border of the hard palate


    Covered on its upper and
    lower surfaces by
    mucous membrane
    Composed of:
    Muscle fibers
    An aponeurosis
    Lymphoid tissue
    Glands
    Blood vessels
    Nerves

    Palatine Aponeurosis
    Fibrous sheath
    Attached to

    posterior border of
    hard palate
    Is expanded tendon
    of tensor velli
    palatini
    Splits to enclose
    musculus uvulae
    Gives origin &
    insertion to palatine
    muscles

    Tensor veli palatini

    Muscles

    Origin: spine of sphenoid; auditory

    tube
    Insertion: forms palatine
    aponeurosis
    Action: Tenses soft palate

    Levator veli palatini


    Origin:petrous temporal bone,

    auditory tube, palatine aponeurosis


    Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
    Action: Raises soft palate

    Musculus uvulae
    Origin: posterior border of hard

    palate
    Insertion: mucosa of uvula
    Action: Elevates uvula

    Muscles
    Palatoglossus
    Origin: palatine aponeurosis
    Insertion: side of tongue
    Action: pulls root of tongue

    upward, narrowing
    oropharyngeal isthmus

    Palatopharyngeus
    Origin: palatine aponeurosis
    Insertion: posterior border

    of thyroid cartilage
    Action: Elevates wall of the
    pharynx

    Sensory Nerve Supply


    Mostly by the

    maxillary nerve
    through its
    branches:
    Greater palatine

    nerve
    Lesser palatine nerve
    Nasopalatine nerve

    Glossopharyngeal

    nerve supplies the


    region of the soft
    palate

    Motor Nerve Supply


    All the muscles, except tensor veli

    palatini, are supplied by the:


    Pharyngeal plexus
    Tensor veli palatini supplied by the:
    Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of

    the mandibular division of the


    trigeminal nerve

    Blood Supply
    Branches of the

    maxillary artery
    Greater palatine
    Lesser palatine
    Sphenopalatine
    Ascending palatine,

    branch of the facial


    artery
    Ascending pharyngeal,

    branch of the external


    carotid artery

    Clinical Notes
    Cleft palate:
    Unilateral
    Bilateral
    Median

    Paralysis of the soft

    palate
    The pharyngeal
    isthmus can not be
    closed during
    swallowing and
    speech

    Pharyngeal
    isthmus

    LOVE NATURE

    Thank
    You

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