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    Forensic Science

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    Forensic Science

    Uploaded by

    Lokesh Jindal
    2K views11 pages
    presentation on forensic science

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    Forensic Science Ppt

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    presentation on forensic science

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views11 pages

    Forensic Science

    Uploaded by

    Lokesh Jindal
    presentation on forensic science

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Examination Of Saliva Stains

    Savikarjit Singh Thind


    187/10
    Section C
    9th Semester

    Examination Of Saliva
    Stains

    What Is Saliva ?

    Watery, frothy substance.


    Produced in Salivary Gland.
    It is 98% water.
    Contains important substances :
    Mucus
    antibacterial compounds and
    various enzymes.
    Biological Characteristics
    Humans produce 1 1.5 L of saliva a day.
    70% is produced in Submandibular Gland.
    25% In Parotid gland.
    5% In Sublingual Gland.
    Aids in digestion by lubricating food and begins breakdown of
    starches .

    Examination Of Saliva
    Stains
    Saliva Stains
    It May Be Found :
    At Scene.
    On Handkerchief.
    On Discarded Cigarette Stubs.
    On Cups, Tumblers, Bottles.
    On Postage Stamps or Envelopes.
    On Tooth Picks.
    On Piece of Cloth

    Stains On Pillow

    Stains On handkerchief

    Examination Of Saliva Stains


    How Is Saliva Detected ?
    Saliva Stains are Detected By Methods Based On The Presence of
    Amylase
    Amylase Is An Enzyme that Breakdowns Starch and Glycogen Into
    Simple Sugars.
    Found in many body fluids; very high in Saliva.
    Two Tests Are There:
    Starch-Iodine test.
    Phadebas Reagent.
    a) Press Test
    b) Tube Test

    Examination Of Saliva Stains


    Starch-Iodine Test
    One of the earliest method for saliva detection
    Devised by W. Roberts in 1881.
    In presence of iodine starch turns blue.
    As amylase breakdowns starch, the colour changes and
    subsides.

    Procedure
    1. Wells containing different amounts of amylase are dipped in starch agar
    and petri dish.
    2. Then wells are flooded with iodine solution.
    3. If amylase (saliva) is present, the blue color begins to vanish.

    Examination Of Saliva Stains


    Drawbacks Of The Test
    The presence of proteins particularly albumin and gammagiobulin originating in other body fluids such as blood and
    semen, compete with starch for iodine and produce false
    positive results.
    The test is also difficult to use as a locator test for stains on
    items.

    Examination Of Saliva Stains


    Phadebas Reagent Test
    What Is
    Phadebas ?
    Phadebasis a syntheticbiochemical substrate.
    Manufactured by Pharmacia and produced in tablet form.
    used for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of
    the-amylaseenzyme.
    Its active component is DSM-P, microspheres in which a
    blue dye has been chemically bound.
    When the substrate is digested by the amylase enzyme in
    solution, it releases that blue dye at a rate proportional to
    the quantity of the enzyme present.
    It is used in a range of applications from quality control
    tests for food & beverages to detection of saliva stains in
    forensic investigations.

    Examination Of Saliva Stains

    Phadebas Reagent (Press Test)


    ThePhadebas Forensic Press testis a new product that
    detects saliva stains by reacting with amylase. When the paper is
    pressed against a saliva stain a blue spot occurs.

    Procedure
    Step 1.
    Place item to be tested on a
    flat and clean surface.

    Examination Of Saliva
    Stains
    Step 2.
    Dampen Phadebas paper with
    water.
    Cover
    testing
    area
    with
    Phadebas paper, reagent side
    down.

    Step 3.
    Trace an outline of
    testing
    area
    on
    Phadebas paper.

    the
    the

    Examination Of Saliva Stains


    Step 4.
    Cover the Phadebas paper
    with a clean glass board.
    Weighdown the arrangement.
    Paper is left on the area and
    watched for blue colour change.

    Step 5.
    Start the timer and observe the test
    frequently during 40 minutes.
    Record the
    time of positive
    reaction (distinct area of diffuse
    blue color).

    Examination Of Saliva Stains


    Phadebas Reagent (Tube Test)

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