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    Centrifugal Pumps Presentation

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    prasoon_eil
    Centrifugal pumps can be classified and their performance predicted using specific speed and affinity laws. Euler's pump equation relates the theoretical head to changes in velocity. Rothalpy expresses conservation of energy for pumps using rotating coordinates. Stepanoff's empirical coefficients allow designing a pump given design parameters like flow rate, speed and head by calculating velocities and dimensions.

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    Centrifugal Pumps Presentation

    Uploaded by

    prasoon_eil
    176 views28 pages
    Centrifugal pumps can be classified and their performance predicted using specific speed and affinity laws. Euler's pump equation relates the theoretical head to changes in velocity. Rothalpy expresses conservation of energy for pumps using rotating coordinates. Stepanoff's empirical coefficients allow designing a pump given design parameters like flow rate, speed and head by calculating velocities and dimensions.

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    Centrifugal pumps can be classified and their performance predicted using specific speed and affinity laws. Euler's pump equation relates the theoretical head to changes in velocity. Rothalpy expresses conservation of energy for pumps using rotating coordinates. Stepanoff's empirical coefficients allow designing a pump given design parameters like flow rate, speed and head by calculating velocities and dimensions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    176 views28 pages

    Centrifugal Pumps Presentation

    Uploaded by

    prasoon_eil
    Centrifugal pumps can be classified and their performance predicted using specific speed and affinity laws. Euler's pump equation relates the theoretical head to changes in velocity. Rothalpy expresses conservation of energy for pumps using rotating coordinates. Stepanoff's empirical coefficients allow designing a pump given design parameters like flow rate, speed and head by calculating velocities and dimensions.

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    Centrifugal pumps

    M Fayek

    Impellers

    Multistage impellers

    Specific speed that is used to


    classify pumps
    nq n

    Q
    H

    34

    nq is the specific speed for a unit machine that


    is geometric similar to a machine with the head
    Hq = 1 m and flow rate Q = 1 m3/s

    n s 51,55 n q

    Affinity laws
    Q1 n1

    Q2 n 2
    H1 u 1


    H2 u 2

    n1


    n2

    P1 n1


    P2 n 2

    Assumptions:
    Geometrical similarity
    Velocity triangles are the same

    Exercise
    Find the flow rate, head and power
    for a centrifugal pump that has
    increased its speed
    Given data:
    h = 80 %
    n1 = 1000 rpm
    m
    n2 = 1100 rpm

    P1 = 123 kW
    H1 = 100
    Q1 = 1 m3/s

    n2
    1100
    3
    Q2
    Q1
    1 1,1 m s
    n1
    1000
    2

    n2
    1100
    H1
    H 2
    100 121 m
    1000
    n1
    3

    n2
    1100
    P1
    P2
    123 164 kW
    1000
    n1

    Exercise
    Find the flow rate, head and power
    for a centrifugal pump impeller that
    has reduced its diameter
    Given data:
    h = 80 %
    D1 = 0,5 m

    P1 = 123 kW
    H1 = 100 m

    D2 = 0,45 m

    Q1 = 1 m3/s

    Q1 D1 B1 c m1 D1 n1

    Q 2 D 2 B2 c m 2 D 2 n 2

    D2
    0,45
    Q2
    Q1
    1 0,9 m 3 s
    D1
    0,5
    2

    D2
    0,45
    H1
    H 2
    100 81 m
    0,5
    D1
    3

    D2
    0,45
    P1
    P2
    123 90 kW
    0,5
    D1

    Velocity triangles

    Reduced cu2
    Slip angle

    Friction loss

    Slip angle

    Impulse loss
    Slip

    Best efficiency point

    Power
    P M
    Where:
    M = torque [Nm]
    = angular velocity [rad/s]

    P Q r2 c 2 cos 2 r1 c1 cos 1
    Q u 2 c u 2 u 1 c u1
    Q g Ht

    In order to get a better understanding of


    the different velocities that represent the
    head we rewrite the Eulers pump
    equation

    u 2 c u 2 u 1 c u1
    Ht
    g

    w 12 c12 u12 2 u1 c1 cos 1 c12 u12 2 u1 c u1


    w 22 c 22 u 22 2 u 2 c 2 cos 2 c 22 u 22 2 u 2 c u 2

    u 22 u12 c 22 c12 w 22 w 12
    Ht

    2g
    2g
    2g

    Eulers pump equation


    u 2 c u 2 u 1 c u1
    Ht
    g
    u 22 u12 c 22 c12 w 22 w 12
    Ht

    2g
    2g
    2g
    u 22 u12
    Pressure head due to change of
    peripheral velocity
    2g
    c 22 c12
    Pressure head due to change of
    absolute velocity
    2g
    w 22 w 12 Pressure head due to change of

    relative velocity
    2g

    Rothalpy
    Using the Bernoullis equation upstream and
    downstream a pump one can express the
    theoretical head:

    p
    c2
    c2
    H t

    z
    g 2g
    2 g 2g

    The theoretical head can also be expressed as:

    u 22 u12 c 22 c12 w 22 w 12
    Ht

    2g
    2g
    2g
    Setting these two expression for the theoretical
    head together we can rewrite the equation:

    p2
    w 22
    u 22
    p1
    w 12
    u12

    g 2g 2g g 2g 2g

    Rothalpy
    The rothalpy can be written as:

    r
    w
    p
    I

    cons tan t
    g 2g
    2g
    2

    This equation is called the


    Bernoullis equation for
    incompressible flow in a rotating
    coordinate system, or the rothalpy
    equation.

    Stepanoff
    We will show how a centrifugal pump is designed
    using Stepanoffs empirical coefficients.
    Example:

    H = 100 m
    Q = 0,5 m3/s
    n = 1000 rpm
    2 = 22,5 o

    Specific speed:
    nq n

    Q
    H

    34

    0,5
    1000
    22,4
    34
    100

    n s 51,55 n q 1153

    This is a radial pump

    K u 1,0

    u2
    Ku
    2gH

    u 2 K u 2 g H 44,3 m s

    2 n

    104,7 rad s
    60
    We choose:

    D2
    u2
    2

    D hub 0,5 D1 0,17 m


    u2 2
    D2
    0,85 m

    K m 2 0,11

    K m2

    cm2

    cm2

    2g H

    c m 2 K m 2 2 g H 4,87 m s

    Q
    Q

    A D2 d2

    Q
    d2
    0,038 m
    D2 cm2

    w2
    u2

    cm2

    c2

    cu2

    Thickness of the blade


    Until now, we have not considered the thickness
    of the blade. The meridonial velocity will
    change because of this thickness.
    We choose:

    s2 = 0,005 m
    z = 5
    s2
    0,005
    su

    0,013 m
    o
    sin 2 sin 22,5

    cm2

    Q
    Q

    A D2 z su d 2

    Q
    d2
    0,039 m
    D2 z su cm2

    K m1 0,145

    c m1
    K m1
    2gH

    c m1 K m1 2 g H 6,4 m s

    w1
    u1

    c1= cm1

    Dhub

    D1
    0,405
    D2
    D1
    0,405 D1 0,405 D 2 0,34 m
    D2

    We choose:
    D1m

    D hub 0,5 D1 0,17 m

    D12 D 2hub

    0,27 m
    2

    Q
    Q
    c m1

    A1 D1m d1

    Q
    d1
    0,09 m
    D1m c m1

    Without thickness

    Thickness of the blade at


    the inlet
    w1
    1
    u1
    D1
    0,34
    u1
    104,7
    17,8 m s
    2
    2
    c m1
    6,4
    a tan
    1 a tan
    19,8o
    17,8
    u1

    s u1

    s1
    0,005

    0,015 m
    o
    sin 1 sin 19,8

    Q
    d1
    0,10 m
    D1m z s u1 c m1

    Cm1=6,4 m/s

    w2

    c2
    cm2=4,87m/s

    2=22,5o
    u2=44,3 m/s
    cm2
    tan 2
    u 2 cu 2

    cu 2

    cu2
    cm2
    u2
    32,5 m s
    tan 2

    u 2 c u 2 u1 c u1 44,3 32,5
    H

    153 m
    h g
    0,96 9,81

    w2

    c2
    cm2=4,87m/s

    u2=44,3 m/s
    H

    u 2 cu 2
    h g

    cu2

    cu2
    H h g 100 0,96 9,81

    21,3 m s
    u2
    44,3

    cm2
    4,87
    ' 2 a tan
    a tan
    11,9 o
    u 2 cu 2
    44,3 21,3

    slip slip ' 2 22,5o 11,9o 10,6o

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