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Geometry Midterm Studysheet

The document defines and explains various geometric terms and properties including: midpoint, segment, ray, plane, bisector, congruency, collinear, coplanar, skew lines, complementary angles, supplementary angles, vertical angles, reflex angles, linear pairs, angle bisection, polygons, regular polygons, alternate interior angles, alternate exterior angles, corresponding angles, same-side interior angles, same-side exterior angles, classification of triangles, midlines, triangle inequalities, points of concurrency, the Euler line, and the Pythagorean theorem.

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Matt Burke
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244 views

Geometry Midterm Studysheet

The document defines and explains various geometric terms and properties including: midpoint, segment, ray, plane, bisector, congruency, collinear, coplanar, skew lines, complementary angles, supplementary angles, vertical angles, reflex angles, linear pairs, angle bisection, polygons, regular polygons, alternate interior angles, alternate exterior angles, corresponding angles, same-side interior angles, same-side exterior angles, classification of triangles, midlines, triangle inequalities, points of concurrency, the Euler line, and the Pythagorean theorem.

Uploaded by

Matt Burke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AB

AB
AB
ABC

Midpoint: the middle point of a line segment. It is equidistant from both


endpoints

Line
Segment
Ray
Plane

Bisector: a line/segment/ray/plane or point that divides of something into two


equal or congruent parts
Congruency: exactly equal in size and shape; congruent sides or segments have
the exact same length; congruent angles have the exact same measure
Collinear: lying on the same straight line
Coplanar: objects lying in a common plane
Skew Lines: two lines that do not intersect but are not parallel

Complementary: a pair of angles that add


up to 90 ((2x + 1) + (x 5) = 90)

x-5

90 = turn
180 = turn

Vertical Angles are


congruent: 2x + 1 = x - 5

360 = 1 turn

Supplementary: a pair of angles that add


up to 180 ((2x + 1) + (x 5) = 180)

2x + 1

Reflex angles are greater than 180 and


less than 360. Their measures are the
given angles measure subtracted from
360

270 = turn

2x + 1
x-5

2x + 1

A linear pair of angles have their


measures add up to 180 and are on
the same line (all linear pairs are
supplementary, but not all
supplementary are linear pairs)

360 - x

2x + 1

x-5

1 Minutes on
a clock = 6

x-5

Angle Bisection: when an angle is divided


by a segment/line/ray into two congruent
angles (x + 5 = 2x + 1)
x+5
2x + 1

Polygon: a closed figure made by joining


line segments
Trapezoid

Quadrilaterals

Square

Concave polygon: a polygon


that has one or more interior
angles greater than 180

Rectangles

Triangles
Polygons

Convex polygon: a polygon


that has all interior angles less
than 180

Regular polygon: a polygon


whos sides are all congruent
and angles are all congruent

We know that a pentagons interior angles add up to


540, so:

(x) + (x + 1) + (2x) + (x 5) + (2x + 1) = 540


x+1
2x + 1

x-5

2x

D
W

<A and <Y are alternate exterior angles as well as <B


and <Z. Alternate exterior angles are congruent.

C
X

Z
Y
<A and <W are corresponding angles as
well as <D and <Z, <B and <X, <C and
<Y. Corresponding angles are congruent.

On a coordinate plane, two lines are parallel if they


have the same slope.
They are perpendicular if they have the negative
reciprocal of each others slope.

<D and <X are alternate interior angles as well as


<C and <W. Alternate interior angles are congruent.
<A and <Z are same-side exterior angles as well
as < B and <Y. Same-side exterior angles are
supplementary.
<D and <W are same-side interior angles as
well as <C and <X. Same-side interior
angles are supplementary.

Classification by Angle

Classification by Side Length

Equiangular: three congruent


angles

Equilateral: three congruent sides

Obtuse: one angle greater than 90

Scalene: three sides of different


length

Acute: three angles less than 90

Isosceles: two congruent sides

Right: one angle that is 90


Midline: a segment that
connects one midpoint of
one side of a triangle to
another. There are 3 total in
a triangle.

For a triangle to be made, the sum of any two sides of a


triangle must be greater than the third.
Incenter*: point where the three angle bisectors of a triangle are concurrent
Same distance away from each side of the triangle
Center of a circle that inscribes the triangle
Circumcenter: point where the three perpendicular bisectors of a triangle are concurrent
Same distance away from each vertice of the triangle
Center of a circle that circumscribes the triangle
Orthocenter: point where the three altitudes of a triangle are concurrent
Centroid: point where the three medians of a triangle are concurrent
Distance from this point to each vertice is twice the distance to each midpoint (2:1)
Center of gravity for the triangle
*only point of concurrency that is not on the Euler Line

Euler line: line that always contains the centroid, circumcenter,


and orthocenter of a triangle. The centroid divides this line so
that the distance from the orthocenter to the centroid is twice as
long as the distance from the centroid to the circumcenter

Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2
45-45-90 triangles: c = a/b(sqrt. 2)
30-60-90 triangles: c = 2a; b = a(sqrt. 3)
If:
a2 + b2 = c2 right triangle
a2 + b2 > c2 obtuse triangle
a2 + b2 < c2 acute triangle

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