The document provides a history of tourism from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how tourism began with trade and religious pilgrimages in ancient times. It then covers the rise of tourism during the Roman Empire era and its decline during the Medieval period. Tourism grew again during the Renaissance era, with the emergence of the Grand Tour. The Industrial Revolution led to more leisure time and the rise of the middle class, further growing tourism. Major developments in transportation like trains, cars and airplanes transformed and massively increased tourism in the 19th-20th centuries.
The document provides a history of tourism from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how tourism began with trade and religious pilgrimages in ancient times. It then covers the rise of tourism during the Roman Empire era and its decline during the Medieval period. Tourism grew again during the Renaissance era, with the emergence of the Grand Tour. The Industrial Revolution led to more leisure time and the rise of the middle class, further growing tourism. Major developments in transportation like trains, cars and airplanes transformed and massively increased tourism in the 19th-20th centuries.
The document provides a history of tourism from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how tourism began with trade and religious pilgrimages in ancient times. It then covers the rise of tourism during the Roman Empire era and its decline during the Medieval period. Tourism grew again during the Renaissance era, with the emergence of the Grand Tour. The Industrial Revolution led to more leisure time and the rise of the middle class, further growing tourism. Major developments in transportation like trains, cars and airplanes transformed and massively increased tourism in the 19th-20th centuries.
The document provides a history of tourism from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how tourism began with trade and religious pilgrimages in ancient times. It then covers the rise of tourism during the Roman Empire era and its decline during the Medieval period. Tourism grew again during the Renaissance era, with the emergence of the Grand Tour. The Industrial Revolution led to more leisure time and the rise of the middle class, further growing tourism. Major developments in transportation like trains, cars and airplanes transformed and massively increased tourism in the 19th-20th centuries.
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UNIT 2
HISTORY OF TOURISM HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
EARLY TOURISM Started during the old testament time in the bible (Ezekiel chapter 26-27) where trade and commerce was describedNoah traveled with mostly animals as his passengers HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
EARLY TOURISM TOURISM was only used in the 19th century From the hebrew word TORAH which means studying, learning or searching HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
EARLY TOURISM TWO (2) MAIN PURPOSES OF TRAVEL: BUSINESS RELIGIOUS
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
EARLY TOURISM SUMERIANS - invented money and wheel; initiated travel and exchange of goods. Founders of the travel business
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
EARLY TOURISM
PHOENICIAN traveled the Mediterranean as traders HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
EMPIRE ERA (Early
Tourism)
Egyptians, Greeks and Romans have
been credited as the forerunners of tourism as we know of it today Egyptians (4850-715 BC) travelled by boats in the Nile River Greeks (900-200 BC)- city states became attractions offering activities and facilities 1st world Olympic games in 776BC
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
EMPIRE ERA (Early
Tourism) Roman Empire (500 BC-300 AD) expanded opportunities for middle class and wealthy citizens - Roman currency, common language and common legal system
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EMPIRE ERA (Early
Tourism)
The Romans built a road network
of some 50,000 miles extending from Scotland and Germany, Egypt and along the southern shores of the Mediterranean Sea, to the Persian Gulf in what is now Iraq and Kuwait.
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MEDIEVAL AGES (5th-14th century AD) Also known as the Dark Age Fall of Rome and rampant robberies led to the decrease in peoples desire to travel. Most of the prevalent traveller during this period were religious pilgrimage(CRUSADER S)
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MEDIEVAL AGE (5th-14th century AD) Travelers of social distinction were entertained in castles, majority offered accommodations in churches, monasteries or hospices. 1388 King Richard II required pilgrims to carry passports.
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RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERA (14th-1765th AD)
Marco Polo traveled to
Middle East and China Increased desire to travel because of resurgence of commerce and the arts His pioneering journey inspired Christopher Columbus and many other travelers. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERA (14th-1765th AD) Travel for education was introduced by the British called the Grand Tour Young men from upper classes would travel to:
THE GRAND TOUR:
England > France> Germany> Austria> Switzerland> Italy HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERA (14th-1765th AD Developed as a status symbol and spread throughout Europe A grand tour could last from several months to several years. Educational and cultural purpose (ex. Language and arts) HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERA (14th-1765th AD
Each student were
given a personal tutor and was commonly undertaken in the company of a Cicerone, a knowledgeable guide or tutor. (Clergy, Teachers, Writers, Historian) HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERA (14th-1765th AD Upon their return from the grand tour, they are expected to be:
well mannered and highly fashionable
eloquent with at least (three) 3 languages Familiar with antiquities Knowledgeable in arts (sculpture and painting) HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERA (14th-1765th AD Traveling to spas became fashionable among members of the high society, not only for their curative aspects but also for social events, games, dancing and gambling. Spa - from the word espa meaning fountain. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (18th AD) TECHNOLOGIES WERE INTRODUCED- brought about social changes that made travel become more desirable (recreational activity) REGULAR EMPLOYMENT INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY GROWING URBANIZATION Gave more people the motivation and opportunity to go on a holiday HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (18th AD) The EMERGING MIDDLE CLASS, combined higher incomes and the growing education about tourism brought about spending holidays in other places outside the usual (countryside or seashore) EMERGENCE OF WORKING CLASS RESORTS NEAR MAJOR INDUSTRIAL CENTERS HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MODERN TOURISM 19th Century (The Mobility Era) 20th century
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MOBILITY ERA (1800-1944)
New roads and the stagecoach Introduction of the railways Development of the steam powered boats
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MOBILITY ERA Trains are the most reliable and cheap means of transportation More private companies invested heavily in hotels, resorts and entertainment facilities. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MOBILITY ERA THOMAS COOK Considered as the first travel agent. His first excursion train trip was between Leicester and Loughborough (1841) with 570 passengers
ROUNDTRIP FARE = one (1)
shilling (a former monetary unit equal to 120 pound of any of various countries in or formerly in the Commonwealth of Nations)
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MOBILITY ERA The success of this venture encouraged him to arrange similar excursions using chartered trains. In 1866 he organized his 1 st American tour 1874 he introduced the circular notes which was accepted by banks, hotels, shops and restaurants. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MOBILITY ERA CIRCULAR NOTES first travellers check
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MOBILITY ERA
STEAMBOATS- Provided reliable and inexpensive transportation, this would lead to the popular cruise ships. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MOBILITY ERA Growth of coastal resorts near large industrial towns. Photography and guidebooks became popular.
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TOURISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY
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MODERN TOURISM WWI brought many changes and influenced the volume of tourism o Early post war prosperity o Large scale migration o Interest in foreign travel to experienced first hand information about different countries o New forms of mass communication stimulated curiosity about other countries HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright
made the first successful gasoline powered airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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1908 Henry Ford introduced the
Model T passenger car. Motorized public road transport and improved road conditions led to the popularity of seaside tours Railways as a means of travel declined with the rise of motor cars. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MODERN TOURISM WWII led in the increase in travel interest o War introduced to the combatants not only new countries but also new continents o New friendships and an interest in different cultures HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MODERN TOURISM Advent of mass tourism Paid vacation which enabled employees to spend their leisure time studying 1950 advent of the first credit card (Diners Card)
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MODERN TOURISM
Progress in aircraft technology
air travel becomes more comfortable, safer, faster and cheaper compared to other forms of transportation. Boeing 707 was introduced in 1958 age of air travel for the masses has arrived and sea travel declines HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MODERN TOURISM Greater transcontinental travel brings distant exotic islands closer. Week-long sea travel were replaced by an hour long air travel. 1970 Pan American World Airways flies the first Boeing 747 jumbo jet plane with 352 passengers from New York to London.
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MODERN TOURISM 1978 British Airways and Air France begin passenger service on the supersonic Concorde airplane.
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MODERN TOURISM With an increase in private car ownership, coach and rail services was greatly affected. People are freed from the schedules and fixed routes of public transport. It encourages excursion and short stay holidays
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MODERN TOURISM The demand for hired cars on an overseas journey also increased Hotels have devised their own short stay program for private motorist (rise of motels)
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MODERN TOURISM 1994 the age of travel wherein the most complex of trip can be planned and arranged by a single phone call from the traveler, all reserved by computerized reservation systems worldwide the entire trip is paid for by a single credit card.
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MODERN TOURISM 2001 Dennis Tito takes the worlds first paid space vacation.
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MODERN TOURISM Air France Flight 4590 on fire seconds after takeoff (07/25/00) 2003 Concorde is retired HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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MODERN TOURISM 2006 Anousheh Ansari becomes the first woman to take paid space vacation
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MODERN TOURISM October 2007 A380 (currently the biggest airplane) entered commercial service with Singapore Airlines
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MODERN TOURISM December 15, 2009 maiden voyage of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner
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MAN MADE WONDERS OF
THE WORLD HTM 101 PRINCIPLES OF TOURISM 1 HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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7 WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
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Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World
1. The Great Pyramids of Giza
including the Sphinx.
Believed to have been built as the tomb of the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu and was constructed during 2584-2561 BC. The only one of the seven wonders of the ancient world still standing. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World
2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Built around 600 BC
by Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife Amytis of Media. It was destroyed by an Earthquake after the 1st century BC. Al Hillah, Babil Province of Iraq.
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Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World 3. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
This ancient wonder was
built by the Lydians, Persians and Greeks which was dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis. It took 120 years to built but was burned down by Herostratus and was again rebuilt by Alexander the Great only to be destroyed again by the Goths in AD 262 HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World
4. Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Temple - 466-456 BC Statue - 435 BC The Statue occupied the whole width of the aisle of the temple that was built to house it, and was 12 meters (40 feet) tall. It was destroyed due to fire during the 5th6th century BC. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World 5. Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
The tomb was built
during 351 BC and stood approximately 45 meters (150 ft) tall with each of the four sides adorned with sculptural relief. The original structure was destroyed by flood and a new structure was built and was damaged by an earthquake in 1494. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World
6. Colossus of Rhodes
A giant statue of the Greek god Helios, God of the sun which stood approximately 110 feet tall and was built during 292280 BC . The statue was destroyed by an earthquake IN 226 BC. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World
7. Lighthouse of Alexandria
Built during 280 BC.
The structure was among the tallest structures on earth for many centuries which stood approximately 115 and 135 meters high. The name of the island it was built on, Pharos, eventually became the Latin word for lighthouse. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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WONDERS OF THE MODERN WORLD
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Seven Wonders of the
Modern World
7. Chichen Itza
Yucatan Mexico It is a large archaeological site that represents what remains of one of the main focal points of the Mayan civilization. The site is comprised of over 100 paved roads and dozens of stone buildings, many of which were beautifully restored. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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Seven Wonders of the
Modern World
6. Christ the Redeemer
Found in Rio de Janiero
Considered an important symbol of Christianity. The statue is located within the Tijuca Forest National Park and stands atop Corcovado Mountain. The Christ the Redeemer statue stands over 120 feet high and is considered the tallest statue representation of this image in the world.
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Seven Wonders of the
Modern World 5. Colloseum
Construction began around
70 AD under emperor Vespasian and it was not completed until 80AD, when Titus was ruler. Originally designed to hold over 80,000 spectators, it was the site of several gladiator contests, executions, re-enactments, and theatrical performances. Despite having suffered severe damage from earthquakes and weather, it is still one of the most visited tourist attractions in all of Rome. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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Seven Wonders of the
Modern World 4. Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China was
originally built to protect the borders of China from attacks throughout the years between the 5thcentury BC and the current 16thcentury. It was built over the course of centuries and is over 4,000 miles long. It begins in Shanhaiguan and ends in Lop Nur. The Ming Wall was considered the most important section, at the peak, and was once guarded by over a million soldiers. HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
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Seven Wonders of the
Modern World 3. Machu Picchu
Also known as The Lost
City of the Incas, rests on a mountain ridge in the Urubamba Valley over 8,000 feet above sea level. The city was originally built back in 1460 and was considered one of the main symbols of the Inca Empire. It was abandoned during the Spanish conquest and legend says the land was forgotten until 1911 when it was rediscovered by an American historian HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism known as Hiram
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Seven Wonders of the
Modern World 2. Petra
Located on the slopes of
Mount Hor in the Arabah section of Jordan. The site is considered one of the most stunning architectural attractions in the world, with each building cut directly into the mountain wall. The site wasnt discovered until 1812, but it is believed that it has been occupied since as early as the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The government has now designed an official Visitor Centre to accommodate tourists. The site is has been listed as World Heritage Site since HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism 1985.
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Seven Wonders of the
Modern World 1. Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal in Agra,
India was built as a mausoleum where the Mughal Emperor known as Shah Jahan was to bury his wife Mumtaz Mahal. The construction began in 1632 and was not completed until 1653. The buildings architecture draws from not only Mughal styles but also Ottoman, Islamic, HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism Persian, and more.
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