Grapes Production Technology

Growing Grapes in Pothowar
POTHOHAR
Altitude
Area
600-800 m
3.1 m ha
Soil PH
Structure
Soil Depth
Soil Drainage
6.5 - 8.5
Moderate - highly porous
5 15 Ft
Good - Excellent
Importance
Grape juice controls blood pressure
Strengthen Heart muscles and saves from Heart
attack
Grapes add fiber to the diet

Improves digestion system
Red grapes are rich in quercetin, a newly
discovered anticancer agent
Nutritional Facts
Serving Size
138g
Amounts Per Serving

Calories
Potassium
Total Carbohydrate
Dietary Fiber
Sugars
Protein
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Calcium
Iron
90
270mg
24g
1g
23g
1g
2%
25%
2%
2%
WHY TO GROW GRAPE?

Cultivation on Nearly marginal lands with out
replacing the area of other crops
Possesses a great economic potential
Drought resistant and environment friendly
Wide adaptability, not only in Pothowar also plains of
the Punjab and Cholistan.
WHY TO GROW GRAPE ?

Exploitation of Early grape varieties, broaden the
scenario
More economic returns compared to other field crop.
Easy to manage as compared to other fruit crops.
Longer productive life.
Very attractive market before Quetta valley.
Highly suitable for HEIS than other fruit crops.
CURRENT SCENARIO
Pakistan V/S World Viticulture

World
Pakistan
Percentage
Area Million 7.3

Hectares
0.015
0.20
Production
M Tons
0. 076
0.11
67.2
Top Ten Grapes Producers 2012 2013

Country
Production (tonnes)
Italy
8,519,418
China
6,787,081
Unites states
6,384,090
France
6,044,900
Spain
5,995,300
Turkey
3,612,781
Iran
3,000,000
Argentina
2,900,000
Chile
2,350,000
India
1,667,700
World
67,221,000
KP
K
Major Grapes growing

areas
Balochistan: Pishin, Quetta, Mastung
Kharan, Zhob, Chaghi, Qilla Abdullah
Qilla Saifullah
KPK:
Sindh:
South Waziristan, Swat, North Waziristan

Karachi
GRAPE CULTIVATION AREA

Sr. No.
AREAS OF GRAPE CULTIVATION IN PUNJAB
Rawalpindi
Islamabad
Attock
Chakwal
Khushab
Mianwali
Gujrat
Jhelum
Cholistan
12
AREA (HECTARES)
AREA UNDER CULTIVATION IN PAKISTAN

Area under cultivation
16000
15000
14000
13000
1532315358
13867
1299413133
12000
11000
YEAR FROM 2009

to 2013
PRODUCTION (TONNES)
PRODUCTION Of GRAPES IN PAKISTAN

75369 76095
80000
70000
60000
49076 48802 46570
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000 YEAR FROM 2009 to
0 2013
LAY OUT AND PLANTING

OPERATION
Site Selection and

Preparation
Grapes require full sunlight.
Adequate drainage and
moisture retention, required
Best soils are loams or
sandy loams with added
organic matter
Grapes grow best in soil
with
a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5
INITIAL FIELD PREPARATION

Main steps
(i)
Debushing/Bush clearing
(ii)
Removal of stones and rocks
(iii) Leveling of the soil and soil improvement.
PLANTING TIME
TWO SEASONS
Spring
Moon Soon
LAY OUT OF GRAPE

ORCHARD
Arrange the rows in a North-South orientation to allow
maximum exposure to the sun.

R x R = 10ft P x P = 6ft
Water newly planted vines every day.
Plant in straight rows for easier manageability, and to reduce
trellis costs.
Spread the roots out when you plant, giving them room.
Once you plant the grape, prune it back to 3 buds
HOW TO PLANT
PIT DIGGING:
The measurement of pit should be (2x2x2 feet)
PIT FILLING:
Pit must be filled by a homogenous mixture of soil, silt and

FYM with the ratio 1:1:1
2-3 irrigation must be applied for proper decay of FYM and two
times application of termicide
A VIEW OF PIT DIGGING IN DIFFERENT SOILS
PROPER PIT DIGGING FOR GRAPE ORCHARD
PIT FILLING
INITIAL PLANT CARE AND BASIN PREPARATION

Immediately after transplanting, a basin is prepared around the plant to
prevent run-off and to ensure a sufficient supply of water to the plant.
When using a micro irrigation system, it is recommended to have a
basin of approximately 2 feet in diameter and 15 to 20 cm deep.
The basin should have a slight downward slope towards the plant to
allow the water to reach the root system of the young plant.
TRANSPLANTING IRRIGATION
Immediately after transplanting, the plant should
be irrigated to limit transplant stress
Very sandy soils requires daily irrigation during
the first summer
Heavy soils will require irrigation once a week
In most soils, irrigation is required every second
or third day
SPECIAL PROTECTION MEASURES

Protection from Termite attack especially in dry areas
like Pothowar
Trellis system is necessary immediately after planting.
Avoid to use the FYM in Summer
Save against chewing animals (rabbits, etc.)
Fungicide may be applied during high humidity period
Varieties of Grapes
Each variety has its own distinct color, taste, texture
and history.
Grapes come in three basic colors
Green (sometimes called white)
Red
Blue-black
Varieties of
Grapes
Blue-black
Red
Green
Kishmish
GERM PLASM STRENGTH AT BARI

CHAKWAL
Perlette
Autumn Royale
Flame Seedless
White Seedless
Crimson Seedless
Sahibi
Red Globe
Early White
Gol
Priest
Vitro Black
Kings Ruby
Thompson Seedless
Sultanina C
Cardinal
Gola
Danlas
Haita
Alphanso
Superior
Reginia
Aesel
Muscat Hambourg
Italia
Taifi
Chasselas
Early maturing
varieties
Monsoon rains result in fungal diseases and
rottening
of grape berries
Select those varieties that escape the summer
monsoon rain and mature before the monsoon

season
Kings Ruby , Perlette, Sultanina C, Vitro Black,
Thompson Seedless and Flame Seedless are early

in maturity, and can be grown on commercial scale
successfully in monsoon rain fall region of Punjab
Vitro Black
Elongated
Purple
Seedless
Early
Sweet
Vitro Black
Sultanina C
Elongated
Yellowish green
Early
Sweet
Seedless
Perlette
First grape of the season
Light yellow in color
The berries are almost round
Seedless
PERLETTE
Flame Seedless
Deep-red color
Round, crunchy, sweet grape
Seedless
Kings Ruby
Dark Purple color
Seedless
Round
Very Sweet
Kings
Trellising
Systems
HEAD SYSTEM
Y-SYSTEM
TELEPHONE SYSTEM
Head System
Y- SYSTEM AT INITIAL STAGE
Telephone System
Pruning
Purpose of pruning is to get premium quality grapes and to
allow better growth for the following season
An average grapevine may have 200 to 300 fruit bearing buds

If the vine is left un-pruned number of grape clusters would be
excessive
The vine would be unable to ripen the large crop or sustain
adequate vegetative growth.
Pruning
After pruning the first winter: The single cane is
cut back and tied to the lower wire.

After pruning the second winter: Two new
canes of four or five buds each are tied on the

bottom wire. A third new cane is tied up to the
top wire and cut off.
After pruning the third winter: Three of the
arms and the fruiting canes have been formed.

A cane with four or five buds is left to establish
Unpruned
Pruned
Fertilizer
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Potash
Nitrogen in Two split doses
I. Before bud break
II. After fruit setting
Potash in Three doses

III. Before bud break
IV. After fruit setting
V. After harvesting
150gm
120gm
280gm
Plant Protection
Measures
Diseases
Anthracnose (fungal disease)
Circular, sunken, ashy gray,
dark-bordered spots on the berries

Attacks fruit stems, leaf veins,
petioles, tendrils and berries
Berry cracks and exposing the seed.
High humidity favor disease development
Control
Pruned canes should be destroyed
Spray of Topsin M @ 2gm/litre water
Spray of Bordeaux mixture after pruning
Downy Mildew
Firstly pale yellow area on the upper surface of the leaf
Underside of leaf marked by downy appearance.

Premature defoliation
Infected Fruit covered with white growth
Berry turns into dull green and brown color
Control
Pruned canes and fallen leaves should be destroyed
Spray of Bordeaux mixture after pruning
Ridomil 2ml/ litre
Powdery mildew
Entire leaf surface have white patches
Results powdery appearance
Leaves curl upward
Discoloration may occur
Young berries has spotting
and misshapen
Control
Thiophenate Methyl @ 3 gm/liter water
Black Rot
Infected fruits shrivel, turn black

and remain attached to the cluster
Small brown spots form on leaves
Control
Summer pruning for air and light
penetration
Bunch thinning
Harvesting and
Picking
After 3 years each vine will
produce 10kg of grapes

Wait until they separate easy
from the seeds to pick.

Pick on a dry day, wet grapes
spoil quickly.
Economic Returns of Grapes on

Acre Basis
Total No. of Plants.
726
Average Yield Per Plant

Total Yield Per Acre
8 Kg
5808 Kg
Average Market Rate per Kg

Total Income
Rs.80/Kg
Rs. 464640
S
K
N
THA

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Growing Grapes in Pothowar

Grapes add fiber to the diet

discovered anticancer agent

Amounts Per Serving

WHY TO GROW GRAPE?

WHY TO GROW GRAPE ?

Pakistan V/S World Viticulture

Area Million 7.3

Top Ten Grapes Producers 2012 2013

Major Grapes growing

South Waziristan, Swat, North Waziristan

GRAPE CULTIVATION AREA

AREAS OF GRAPE CULTIVATION IN PUNJAB

AREA UNDER CULTIVATION IN PAKISTAN

YEAR FROM 2009

PRODUCTION Of GRAPES IN PAKISTAN

LAY OUT AND PLANTING

Site Selection and

INITIAL FIELD PREPARATION

Removal of stones and rocks

(iii) Leveling of the soil and soil improvement.

LAY OUT OF GRAPE

maximum exposure to the sun.

Pit must be filled by a homogenous mixture of soil, silt and

A VIEW OF PIT DIGGING IN DIFFERENT SOILS

PROPER PIT DIGGING FOR GRAPE ORCHARD

INITIAL PLANT CARE AND BASIN PREPARATION

SPECIAL PROTECTION MEASURES

GERM PLASM STRENGTH AT BARI

Select those varieties that escape the summer

monsoon rain and mature before the monsoon

Thompson Seedless and Flame Seedless are early

Y- SYSTEM AT INITIAL STAGE

allow better growth for the following season

An average grapevine may have 200 to 300 fruit bearing buds

The vine would be unable to ripen the large crop or sustain

adequate vegetative growth.

cut back and tied to the lower wire.

canes of four or five buds each are tied on the

arms and the fruiting canes have been formed.

Potash in Three doses

Circular, sunken, ashy gray,

dark-bordered spots on the berries

petioles, tendrils and berries

Berry cracks and exposing the seed.

High humidity favor disease development

Pruned canes should be destroyed

Spray of Topsin M @ 2gm/litre water

Spray of Bordeaux mixture after pruning

Underside of leaf marked by downy appearance.

Infected fruits shrivel, turn black

Small brown spots form on leaves

produce 10kg of grapes

from the seeds to pick.

Economic Returns of Grapes on

Average Yield Per Plant

Average Market Rate per Kg

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