Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 2K views

    Folded Plate

    Uploaded by

    Tanvi Yadav
    Folded plates are a type of thin shell structure that can provide large spans with less steel and concrete than other structures like barrel vaults. Folded plates act as beams that transfer loads through bending and can be formed for similar costs as horizontal slabs. They are made of materials like reinforced concrete, steel, or composites. Examples of folded plate structures include the Santa Cruz Airport in Mumbai with large cantilevered folded plate roofs and the Notre Dame church in Royan, France with folded concrete walls. Folded plates are commonly used for roofs of buildings like warehouses and hangars due to their ability to provide column-free interiors with large clearspans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Folded Plate

    Uploaded by

    Tanvi Yadav
    2K views14 pages
    Folded plates are a type of thin shell structure that can provide large spans with less steel and concrete than other structures like barrel vaults. Folded plates act as beams that transfer loads through bending and can be formed for similar costs as horizontal slabs. They are made of materials like reinforced concrete, steel, or composites. Examples of folded plate structures include the Santa Cruz Airport in Mumbai with large cantilevered folded plate roofs and the Notre Dame church in Royan, France with folded concrete walls. Folded plates are commonly used for roofs of buildings like warehouses and hangars due to their ability to provide column-free interiors with large clearspans.

    Original Description:

    theory of structures

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Folded plates are a type of thin shell structure that can provide large spans with less steel and concrete than other structures like barrel vaults. Folded plates act as beams that transfer loads through bending and can be formed for similar costs as horizontal slabs. They are made of materials like reinforced concrete, steel, or composites. Examples of folded plate structures include the Santa Cruz Airport in Mumbai with large cantilevered folded plate roofs and the Notre Dame church in Royan, France with folded concrete walls. Folded plates are commonly used for roofs of buildings like warehouses and hangars due to their ability to provide column-free interiors with large clearspans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views14 pages

    Folded Plate

    Uploaded by

    Tanvi Yadav
    Folded plates are a type of thin shell structure that can provide large spans with less steel and concrete than other structures like barrel vaults. Folded plates act as beams that transfer loads through bending and can be formed for similar costs as horizontal slabs. They are made of materials like reinforced concrete, steel, or composites. Examples of folded plate structures include the Santa Cruz Airport in Mumbai with large cantilevered folded plate roofs and the Notre Dame church in Royan, France with folded concrete walls. Folded plates are commonly used for roofs of buildings like warehouses and hangars due to their ability to provide column-free interiors with large clearspans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 14

    FOLDED PLATES

    Nikhita Khurana
    Pulkit Chawla
    Tanvi Yadav
    Dhruv Khurana

    INTRODUCTION
    FOLDED PLATES is one of the simplest shell
    SHELL STRUCTURE
    structure.
    They are more adaptable to smaller
    areas than curved surfaces which require
    multiple use of forms for maximum economy.

    BAY
    WIDTH
    OF
    BARREL
    VAULT

    A folded plate may be formed for about the


    same cost as a horizontal slab and has much
    less steel and concrete for the same
    spans.
    Folded plates are not adapted to as wide bay
    spacings as barrel vaults.

    FOLDED PLATE
    STRUCTURE

    BAY WIDTH
    OF FOLDED
    PLATES

    DESCRIPTION

    BEHAVIOUR

    BEHAVIOUR
    Each plate is assumed to act as a beam in its own plane,
    this assumption is justified when the ratio of the span
    "length of the plate to its height width is large
    enough. But when this ratio is small, the plate behaves
    as a deep beam.
    When the folded plate is that with simple joint , which
    mean that no more than 2 elements are connected to the
    joint.
    But when more than 2 elements are connected to the
    joint, it can be named as multiple joint. The width of any
    plate should not be larger than 0.25 its length to be
    considered to act as beam.
    Actions of Folded plate due to loads :
    1) SLAB ACTION : loads are transmitted to ridges by the
    bending of plates normal to their planes.
    2) BEAM ACTION : Loads are transmitted through plates
    in their planes to diaphragms.

    RIDGE

    COMPONENTS
    The principle components in a folded plate structure are illustrated in the sketch below. They
    consist of,
    1)
    2)
    3)
    4)

    the inclined plates,


    edge plates which must be used to stiffen the wide plates,
    stiffeners to carry the loads to the supports and to hold the plates in line, and
    columns to support the structure in the air.

    ) A strip across a folded plate is called a slab element because the plate is designed as a slab in that
    direction.
    ) The span of the structure is the greater distance between columns and the bay width is the distance
    between similar structural units.
    ) If several units were placed side by side, the edge plates should be omitted except for the first and
    last plate.
    ) If the edge plate is not omitted on inside edges, the form should be called a two segment folded plate
    with a common edge plate.
    ) The structure may have a simple span or multiple spans of varying length, or the folded plate may
    cantilever from the supports without a stiffener at the end.
    Inclined plates
    Edge plates

    Span
    Stiffeners
    Columns
    TAPERED FOLDED PLATES

    Bay width

    THE PRINCIPLE OF FOLDING

    STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF FOLDING


    The inner load transfer of a folding structure happens through the twisted plane, either through
    the structural condition of the plate (load perpendicular to the centre plane) or through the
    structural condition of the slab (load parallel to the plane).
    At first, the external forces are transferred due to the structural condition of the plate to the
    shorter edge of one folding element.
    There, the reaction as an axial force is divided between the adjacent elements which results
    in a strain of the structural condition of the slabs. This leads to the transmission of forces to
    the bearing.

    FORMS OF FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURES

    FORMS OF FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURES

    By using folded structures different spatial


    forms can be made.

    The straight elements forming a folded


    construction can be of various shapes:
    rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular.
    By combining these elements we get
    different forms resulting in a variety of
    shapes
    and
    remarkable
    architectural
    expression.

    Folded structures in the plane are the


    structures in which all the highest points of
    the elements and all the elements of the
    lowest points of the folded structure belong
    to two parallel planes.

    Frame
    folded
    structures
    represent
    constructional set in which the elements of
    each segment of the folds mutually occupy a
    frame spatial form. This type of folded
    structure is spatial organization of two or
    more folds in the plane.

    Spatial folded structures are the type of a


    structure in which a spatial constructive set

    FORMS OF FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURES

    The shape of folded structures affects the transmission of load and direction of relying of folded
    structures. Based on these parameters, folded plate systems are further classified into :
    1. linear folded plate structure
    2. radial folded plate structure
    3. spatial folded plate structure
    LINEAR FOLDED
    PLATE STRUCTURE

    RADIAL FOLDED
    PLATE STRUCTURE

    SPATIAL FOLDED
    PLATE STRUCTURE

    EXAMPLE OF A COMBINED FOLDED


    STRUCTURE FORMED BY A
    CYLINDRICAL FOLDED STRUCTURE
    AND HALF OF DOME STRUCTURE

    Combined folded constructions are carried out over the complex geometric basis, formed by the
    combination of simple geometric figures, rectangles and semicircles on one side or both sides.

    This type of folded structure can be derived in the plane or as a frame (cylindrical) structure,
    and represents a combination of folded structure above the rectangular base and of the
    radial construction.

    TYPES OF FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURES


    LONGITUDINAL/ PRISMATIC FOLDING

    Longitudinal
    folding
    is
    characterized

    through
    uninterrupted and linked folding edges where parallel
    and skew up folds and down folds alternate.

    Single-layered longitudinal folding corresponds in their load


    bearing structure to a linear load bearing system whereas a
    double-layered folding with different directions of their folds
    can create the structural condition of the plate.

    SKETCH LONGITUDINAL FOLDING

    SPOT OR FACET FOLDING

    Also called spot or facet folding, requires that several folds


    intersect like a bunch in one single spot. This results in
    pyramidal folds with crystalline or facet-like planes.

    Facet folding can either be based on a triangular shape or


    on a quadrangular shape.

    A single or double-layered facet folding resembles the load


    bearing structure of a plate and can be compared to space
    frameworks
    SKETCH PYRAMIDAL FOLDING

    MATERIALS

    Reinforced Cement Concrete


    Steel Plate
    Mixture of Concrete and lightweight terracotta tiles
    Polymer mixture of concrete and fibreglass
    Scored laminated timber sheets

    EXAMPLE: SANTA CRUZ AIRPORT, MUMBAI


    Prestressed concrete folded plates
    Extremely light with concrete thickness of
    200mm
    An existing hangar at Santa Cruz Airport,
    Mumbai (Bombay), India, has been extended to
    accommodate additional aircraft and engineering
    facilities.
    Contains 8 folds
    62 m long cantilever of the new folded-plate roof
    Measure152 x 60 m in plan, and is symmetrically
    divided by a longitudinal expansion joint
    The 152 m length consists of two cantilevered
    roofs, each 62.3 m long, and a central roof 27.4 m
    long over the maintenance building.
    Highest point of roof is 32.3m above ground
    The transverse section of the folded plate consists
    of eight 7.6 m wide modules, each having a
    corrugated plate arrangement, with horizontal top
    and bottom plates inclined at 45 between the
    webs.

    EXAMPLE: THE CHURCH OF NOTRE DAME,


    THE CITY OF ROYAN
    Walls can be designed and carried out as
    folded structures, since by folding we get a solid
    construction that can accept large vertical and
    horizontal impacts, which enables exceptional
    height of the wall fabric.
    This type of folded structures, due to their
    geometry, provides an economical solution and
    the rational use of material when compared to
    the height of the building.
    Walls made as folded structures can be
    materialized in reinforced concrete.
    Facility constructed with this structure is the
    church of Notre Dame, the city of Royan,
    France, 1958, with the walls built in the form of
    folded in "V" shape of reinforced concrete.
    Viable galleries, which have a constructive role
    of the diaphragm, are built on them

    USES
    Storage buildings
    Swimming pools
    Gyms
    Airports etc.

    ADVANTAGES

    since they are of concrete, such roofs have inherent resistance to fire, deterioration and to
    atmospheric corrosion.
    They allow large spans to be achieved in structural concrete. This allows flexibility of planning
    and mobility beneath.
    Where ground conditions require expensive piled foundations the reduced number of
    supporting columns can be an economic advantage.
    The plates are required to be thicker than the shells, and there are more firms who will tackle
    constructing them without excessive prices, increasing competition and sometimes making
    the cost more competitive than for cylindrical shells.

    DISADVANTAGES

    Skilled labor is required in the construction of curved shuttering.


    Since concrete is porous material, concrete domes often have issues with sealing. If not
    treated, rainwater can seep through the roof and leak into the interior of the building
    Labor skilled in curved shuttering are very expensive
    Skilled labor for folded plates are hard to find

    APPLICATION

    Folded structures have found the application in


    architectural buildings and engineering structures.

    Based on the position in the architectural structure, this


    type of construction can be divided into: roof, floor and
    wall folded constructions.

    The largest number of examples of folded structures


    are roof structures.

    The need for acquiring the larger range and more cost
    effective structure led to the emergence of this type of
    structure.

    The largest application of folded structures is in the


    formation of trapezoidal sheet.

    This type of folded structure can absorb and receive the


    load without introducing additional structure.

    Application of trapezoidal sheet, except as roofing, is in


    making the thermal insulation of roof and wall sandwich
    panels.

    You might also like