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    Mechanical Ventilation Types Powerpoint

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    Valcrist Balder
    Mechanical ventilation involves using a machine like a ventilator to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. There are different types of ventilators including manual bags, mechanical ventilators, transport ventilators, intensive care unit ventilators, and ventilators for neonates or non-invasive positive airway pressure. Mechanical ventilation is used when a patient's breathing is inadequate and cannot be corrected by other means, with goals of maintaining life and gas exchange in the lungs. Complications can include lung injury, pneumonia, weakness of breathing muscles, and ethical issues around starting or discontinuing use.

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    Mechanical Ventilation Types Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Valcrist Balder
    155 views12 pages
    Mechanical ventilation involves using a machine like a ventilator to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. There are different types of ventilators including manual bags, mechanical ventilators, transport ventilators, intensive care unit ventilators, and ventilators for neonates or non-invasive positive airway pressure. Mechanical ventilation is used when a patient's breathing is inadequate and cannot be corrected by other means, with goals of maintaining life and gas exchange in the lungs. Complications can include lung injury, pneumonia, weakness of breathing muscles, and ethical issues around starting or discontinuing use.

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    MEchanical ventilation types, uses and Indications

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    Mechanical ventilation involves using a machine like a ventilator to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. There are different types of ventilators including manual bags, mechanical ventilators, transport ventilators, intensive care unit ventilators, and ventilators for neonates or non-invasive positive airway pressure. Mechanical ventilation is used when a patient's breathing is inadequate and cannot be corrected by other means, with goals of maintaining life and gas exchange in the lungs. Complications can include lung injury, pneumonia, weakness of breathing muscles, and ethical issues around starting or discontinuing use.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    155 views12 pages

    Mechanical Ventilation Types Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    Valcrist Balder
    Mechanical ventilation involves using a machine like a ventilator to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. There are different types of ventilators including manual bags, mechanical ventilators, transport ventilators, intensive care unit ventilators, and ventilators for neonates or non-invasive positive airway pressure. Mechanical ventilation is used when a patient's breathing is inadequate and cannot be corrected by other means, with goals of maintaining life and gas exchange in the lungs. Complications can include lung injury, pneumonia, weakness of breathing muscles, and ethical issues around starting or discontinuing use.

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    MECHANICAL

    VENTILATION TYPES

    Mechanical

    ventilationisamethodto
    mechanicallyassistorreplacespontaneous
    breathing.Thismayinvolveamachinecalleda
    ventilatororthebreathingmaybeassistedbya
    registerednurse,physician,physicianassistant,
    respiratorytherapist,paramedic,orothersuitable
    personcompressingabagorsetofbellows.
    Mechanicalventilationistermed"invasive"ifit
    involvesanyinstrumentpenetratingthroughthe
    mouth(suchasanendotrachealtube)ortheskin
    (suchasatracheostomytube).

    Ventilatorscomeinmanydifferentstylesandmethodof
    givingabreathtosustainlife.Therearemanualventilators
    suchasbagvalvemasksandanesthesiabagsthatrequire
    theuserstoholdtheventilatortothefaceortoan
    artificialairwayandmaintainbreathswiththeirhands.
    Mechanicalventilatorsareventilatorsnotrequiring
    operatoreffortandaretypicallycomputer-controlledor
    pneumatic-controlled.
    Mechanical ventilators
    Mechanicalventilatorstypicallyrequirepowerbyabattery
    orawalloutlet(DCorAC)thoughsomeventilatorswork
    onapneumaticsystemnotrequiringpower.
    Transport ventilatorsTheseventilatorsaresmalland
    morerugged,andcanbepoweredpneumaticallyorviaAC
    orDCpowersources.

    Types of ventilators

    Intensive-care ventilatorsTheseventilatorsarelarger
    andusuallyrunonACpower(thoughvirtuallyallcontaina
    batterytofacilitateintra-facilitytransportandasaback-upin
    theeventofapowerfailure).Thisstyleofventilatoroften
    providesgreatercontrolofawidevarietyofventilation
    parameters(suchasinspiratoryrisetime).ManyICU
    ventilatorsalsoincorporategraphicstoprovidevisualfeedback
    ofeachbreath.
    Neonatal ventilatorsDesignedwiththepretermneonate
    inmind,theseareaspecializedsubsetofICUventilatorsthat
    aredesignedtodeliverthesmaller,moreprecisevolumesand
    pressuresrequiredtoventilatethesepatients.
    Positive airway pressure ventilators(PAP)These
    ventilatorsarespecificallydesignedfornon-invasive
    ventilation.Thisincludesventilatorsforuseathomefor
    treatmentofchronicconditionssuchassleepapneaorCOPD.

    Types of ventilators

    SMARTBAGMOBag-Valve-Mask

    Resuscitator

    Mechanicalventilationisindicatedwhenthepatient's

    spontaneousventilationisinadequatetomaintainlife.It
    isalsoindicatedasprophylaxisforimminentcollapseof
    otherphysiologicfunctions,orineffectivegasexchange
    inthelungs.Becausemechanicalventilationservesonly
    toprovideassistanceforbreathinganddoesnotcurea
    disease,thepatient'sunderlyingconditionshouldbe
    correctableandshouldresolveovertime.Inaddition,
    otherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsiderationbecause
    mechanicalventilationisnotwithoutitscomplications

    Medical uses

    Respiratorytherapistexamininga

    mechanicallyventilatedpatientonan
    IntensiveCareUnit.

    Commonmedicalindicationsforuseinclude:
    Acutelunginjury(includingARDS,trauma)
    Apneawithrespiratoryarrest,includingcasesfrom

    intoxication
    Acutesevereasthma,requiringintubation
    Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)
    Acuterespiratoryacidosiswithpartialpressureofcarbon
    dioxide(pCO
    2)>50mmHgandpH<7.25,whichmaybedueto
    paralysisofthediaphragmduetoGuillain-Barrsyndrome,
    myastheniagravis,motorneurondisease,spinalcordinjury,
    ortheeffectofanaestheticandmusclerelaxantdrugs

    INDICATION

    Increasedworkofbreathingasevidencedby

    significanttachypnea,retractions,andotherphysical
    signsofrespiratorydistress
    Hypoxemiawitharterialpartialpressureofoxygen(PaO
    2)<55mmHgwithsupplementalfractionofinspired
    oxygen(FiO
    2)=1.0
    Hypotensionincludingsepsis,shock,
    congestiveheartfailure
    Neurologicaldiseasessuchasmusculardystrophyand
    amyotrophiclateralsclerosis

    INDICATION

    BarotraumaPulmonarybarotraumaisawell-known
    complicationofpositive-pressuremechanicalventilation.This
    includespneumothorax,subcutaneousemphysema,
    pneumomediastinum,andpneumoperitoneum.
    Ventilator-associated lung injury
    Ventilator-associatedlunginjury(VALI)referstoacutelunginjury
    thatoccursduringmechanicalventilation.Itisclinically
    indistinguishablefromacutelunginjuryor
    acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome(ALI/ARDS).
    DiaphragmControlledmechanicalventilationmayleadtoa
    rapidtypeofdisuseatrophyinvolvingthediaphragmaticmuscle
    fibers,whichcandevelopwithinthefirstdayofmechanical
    ventilation.Thiscauseofatrophyinthediaphragmisalsoacause
    ofatrophyinallrespiratoryrelatedmusclesduringcontrolled
    mechanicalventilation.
    Motility of mucocilia in the airwaysPositivepressure
    ventilationappearstoimpairmucociliarymotilityintheairways.
    Bronchialmucustransportwasfrequentlyimpairedandassociated
    withretentionofsecretionsandpneumonia.

    Associated risk

    Mechanicalventilationisoftenalife-saving

    intervention,butcarriespotentialcomplications
    includingpneumothorax,airwayinjury,alveolar
    damage,andventilator-associatedpneumonia.
    Othercomplicationsincludediaphragmatrophy,
    decreasedcardiacoutput,andoxygentoxicity.
    Oneoftheprimarycomplicationsthatpresentsin
    patientsmechanicallyventilatedisacutelung
    injury(ALI)/acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome
    (ARDS).ALI/ARDSarerecognizedassignificant
    contributorstopatientmorbidityandmortality.

    Complications

    Inmanyhealthcaresystems,prolongedventilation

    aspartofintensivecareisalimitedresource(inthat
    thereareonlysomanypatientsthatcanreceivecare
    atanygivenmoment).Itisusedtosupportasingle
    failingorgansystem(thelungs)andcannotreverse
    anyunderlyingdiseaseprocess(suchasterminal
    cancer).Forthisreason,therecanbe(occasionally
    difficult)decisionstobemadeaboutwhetheritis
    suitabletocommencesomeoneonmechanical
    ventilation.Equallymanyethicalissuessurroundthe
    decisiontodiscontinuemechanicalventilation.

    COMPLICATIONS

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