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    Design Modelling: Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

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    mulyadi
    This document outlines a lecture on design modeling and methods. It discusses modeling the design process using basic building blocks like generate, analyze, evaluate, and decide. It provides examples of modeling design elements and descriptions. Syntax and semantic knowledge are explained. The document outlines the key steps in design including generating design alternatives, analyzing their performance, evaluating against goals, and deciding on the next step. Representational spaces like the design, performance, and goal spaces are introduced. The purpose is to identify the main building blocks in design processes.

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    Design Modelling: Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Uploaded by

    mulyadi
    26 views31 pages
    This document outlines a lecture on design modeling and methods. It discusses modeling the design process using basic building blocks like generate, analyze, evaluate, and decide. It provides examples of modeling design elements and descriptions. Syntax and semantic knowledge are explained. The document outlines the key steps in design including generating design alternatives, analyzing their performance, evaluating against goals, and deciding on the next step. Representational spaces like the design, performance, and goal spaces are introduced. The purpose is to identify the main building blocks in design processes.

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    Design Modelling

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    Design Modelling

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    This document outlines a lecture on design modeling and methods. It discusses modeling the design process using basic building blocks like generate, analyze, evaluate, and decide. It provides examples of modeling design elements and descriptions. Syntax and semantic knowledge are explained. The document outlines the key steps in design including generating design alternatives, analyzing their performance, evaluating against goals, and deciding on the next step. Representational spaces like the design, performance, and goal spaces are introduced. The purpose is to identify the main building blocks in design processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    26 views31 pages

    Design Modelling: Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Uploaded by

    mulyadi
    This document outlines a lecture on design modeling and methods. It discusses modeling the design process using basic building blocks like generate, analyze, evaluate, and decide. It provides examples of modeling design elements and descriptions. Syntax and semantic knowledge are explained. The document outlines the key steps in design including generating design alternatives, analyzing their performance, evaluating against goals, and deciding on the next step. Representational spaces like the design, performance, and goal spaces are introduced. The purpose is to identify the main building blocks in design processes.

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    Design Modelling

    TMR4115
    Thursday, August 28 2006

    Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad


    Reality

    Decision Models
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Agenda
    Recapturing last week
    characteristics marine systems design

    Modelling the design process


    basic building blocks

    Modelling in design
    basic model elements
    modelling examples
    2
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Models and Methods in


    Design
    Reality

    understand

    improve

    DECIDE

    understand the
    problem

    select the
    correct model

    focus on what is
    important

    simplify

    Decision models

    (and their respective


    method)

    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    The Design Paradox

    Postpone decisions
    Increase knowledge

    4
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Syntax vs Semantics

    (hull form & propeller) (required SHP)


    (hull form) (seakeeping behaviour)
    (hull form, propeller, machinery) (ship speed)
    (all ship systems) (total cost)
    5
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Activities and Events


    Clarification of
    task
    Design
    initiation

    Concept definition
    Outline
    Specification
    Request for
    tender

    Conceptual
    design

    Problem description
    (Statement of need)

    Outline specification
    (Tender invitation)

    Tendering/sales

    Project development

    Embodiment
    design
    Contract
    specification

    Build project

    Class design
    Engineering design
    Fabrication engineering
    Procurement
    Materials management
    Fabrication

    6
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    The basic design process

    Reference model
    GENERATE

    DECIDE

    ANALYSE

    EVALUATE

    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    Keval

    7
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Design vocabulary
    V

    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    Keval

    8
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Example Vocabulary Elements

    Name

    Unit

    Transv.dist.columns

    [m]

    Bd

    Breadthofdeck

    [m]

    BM

    Distancebetweenverticalcentre

    [m]

    Bp

    Breadthofpontoons

    [m]

    dc

    Diameterofcolumns

    [m]

    Dp

    Depthofpontoon

    [m]

    KB

    DistancekeelandVCB

    [m]

    KG

    DistancekeelKandVCG

    [m]

    Ld

    Lengthofdeck

    [t]

    Lp

    Lengthofpontoon

    [m]

    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    Symbol

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    Keval

    9
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Semisub example
    Ld

    Bd

    h ag
    Column
    height hc

    Top

    dc
    dc

    Dp

    Tsur

    Ttr
    Lp

    Bp

    Lp
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    10

    Syntactic Knowledge Ks
    Design alternatives
    materials
    components
    variants

    Design ranges
    Logical constraints
    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    Keval

    11
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Syntactic Knowledge Ks

    Semisub sample
    Design alternatives
    4, 6, 8 columns

    circular versus quadratic columns

    Design ranges
    column diameter 8-15 m
    Pontoon length 80-120m

    Logical constraints
    Bp < B
    Bc < Bp
    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    Keval

    12
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Design description SemiSub

    Decision space

    *INITIAL POINT**
    Current Point:
    Values of design variables:
    x( 1)= 80.000000
    x( 2)= 12.000000
    x( 3)= 10.000000
    x( 4)= 10.000000
    x( 5)= 25.000000
    x( 6)= 50.000000
    x( 7)= 70.000000
    x( 8)= 60.000000
    x( 9)= 40.000000
    x(10)= 5.0000000
    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    Keval

    13
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Other examples Design


    Descriptions

    Contract specification
    CAD model
    Equipment data sheets
    P/ID diagrams
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    14

    What is then the next


    step?
    We have now described what
    the design look likes
    We now need to describe
    what it can do
    i.e. from FORM to FUNCTION

    15
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Design Interpretation SemiSub


    VDL

    B
    Dc

    Analysis

    Dp

    Bp

    Steel weight of the pontoons:


    Steel weight of the columns:
    Steel weight deck structure:
    Total steel weight:
    Displacement, oper. cond.:
    Heave period operation:
    Variable Deck load

    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    307.17
    380.26
    961.80
    2099.23
    9251.03
    20.32
    1200 t

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    Keval

    16
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Analysis knowledge
    Knowledge that relates
    FORM and FUNCTION
    Examples
    functional relations
    finite element analysis
    comutational fluid
    dynamics
    systems simulations

    Both the relations


    themselves, and how to
    derive such relations
    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    Keval

    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    17

    Semisub example
    Ld

    Bd

    h ag
    Column
    height hc

    Top

    dc
    dc

    Dp

    Tsur

    Ttr
    Lp

    Bp

    Lp

    18
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Whats next?
    We now have derived some
    measure of the performance
    of our design. How can we
    use this to make decisions?
    -> We need to evaluate this
    against our design goals and
    requirements
    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    Keval

    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    19

    Design interpretations
    I
    Intended interpreations
    goals, objectives, constraints
    I.e. what we want to achieve, requirements

    Inferred interpretations
    I.e. the actual performance of the current
    design based on analysis

    20
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Semisub example

    High Variable Deck Load (VDL): The main purpose of the


    vessel is to provide a working area for drilling operations. To
    perform the drilling operation a number of consumables are
    needed, e.g. drill pipes, drilling mud, fuel, water supplies. A high
    VDL is advantageous because the time interval for supplies can be
    longer.

    Large deck area: A large deck area will provide space for
    storage of consumables and equipment, and working space.
    Alternatively, the deck area can be handled as a user requirement,
    and hence be modeled as a constraint.

    Low construction costs: the construction costs of the vessel


    is difficult to model. A common approach is to approximate these
    costs as a linear function of the vessels Light Weight (LW) (steel +
    machinery + outfit weight). Since the Machinery and outfit
    weights are assumed fixed, the cost will be a function of the steel
    weight only.

    High availability: in order to carry out the drilling operation,


    the motion of the deck area must be within certain range. Within
    this range, the motions of the platform can be compensated for by
    the use of a heave compensator. Outside this range, the drilling
    operation must be stopped, and eventually the vessel must be deballasted to survival draft.
    The two main governing factors of the availability will be the
    motion characteristics of the vessel, and the airgap between the
    water surface and the platform deck.
    21
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Example
    Semisub goals and reqs
    Maximize deck load and minimize building cost

    VDL
    WS p WSc WSd

    min f wVDL 1
    wSW
    1
    tar

    VDLtar
    WS

    Requirement for max heave period

    2L p Bp D p cm 1 dc 2 T D p
    op

    9.81 dc2

    treq 0

    22
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Representational spaces

    the design space, capturing the description of the design object.


    The ultimate goal of the design process
    the performance space, holding the functional interpretation of the
    design object, that is, objective measures of performance
    usually derived from design analysis
    the goal space, representing the intentions and requirements of
    the designer, and gives the design process a direction towards
    purposeful solutions. The goal space contains modal design
    relations instead of factual statements (e.g. Ship has length 50
    m) , the relation is modified to express statements about
    requirements and expectations about the design object (e.g. Ship
    should have capacity 3000 TEU, Ship must have B < 32.2 m)
    the value space, holding an interpretation of the design object
    with respect to subjective measures of performance, based on
    the synthesis of the functional interpretation and the design goals
    performance
    space
    value space

    design
    space
    goal space

    23
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    DECIDE
    Based on the evaluation of
    the design performance vs.
    goals, requirements...
    ... the current design solution
    is either selected, or a new
    iteration is started

    Ifunc

    V
    GENERATE

    Kgen

    ANALYSE

    GEN

    Kana

    Igoal

    ANA

    Keval

    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    EVALUATE

    EVAL

    Ieval

    DECIDE

    DEC

    24

    Summary
    Classification building blocks

    ShipXKnowledge
    Entities

    Control level
    knowledge

    Object level
    knowledge

    Design Object
    Entities

    GEN

    Domain Knowledge
    Entities

    ANA
    DEC

    Ifunc

    Igoal

    Ieval

    Kgen

    Kana

    EVAL

    Keval

    25
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Why?
    The PURPOSE has been to identify
    the main BUILDING BLOCKS in
    the design PROCESS
    These are found in most design
    processes, though their sequence
    and relations may vary
    Thil will be the subject throughout
    this semester
    26
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Basic inference processes

    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Inference processes in
    design: Deduction
    I = 1(Ki, D)

    (2.1)

    Ki:

    x DW(x) V(x) Resistance(x) = f(DW(x), V(x))

    D:

    DW(ShipA) = 200.000 V(ShipA) = 15

    I:

    Resistance(ShipA) = 1200

    E.g. design analysis

    28
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Inference processes in design:

    Generating designs

    D = 3(Ks,V) (2.3)

    E.g. systematic parameter


    variation

    29
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Inference processes in design:

    Deriving design descriptions

    D = 2(Ki, I) (2.2)
    Ki:

    x DW(x) V(x) Resistance(x) = f(DW(x), V(x))

    I:

    Resistance(ShipA) = 1200

    D:

    DW(ShipA) = 200.000 V(ShipA) = 15

    E.g. linear optimisation,


    simplex from outside the
    system
    30
    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    Inference processes in design:

    Acquiring design knowledge


    Ki = 5({D1, I1}, {D2, I2}, ...)
    D1, I1: DW(ShipA) = 200.000 V(ShipA) = 15, Resistance(ShipA) = 1200
    D2, I2: DW(ShipB) = 212.000 V(ShipB) = 14.8, Resistance(ShipB) = 1240
    D3, I3:
    Ki:

    x DW(x) V(x) Resistance(x) = f(DW(x), V(x))

    D1:

    V(ShipA) = 15.0 IsType(ShipA, TypeX)

    D2:

    V(ShipB) = 14.8 IsType(ShipB, TypeX)

    D3:

    Ks:

    x IsType(x, TypeX) V(x) isTypically around 15 knots

    E.g. towing tank


    Design Methods Prof. Stein Ove Erikstad

    31

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